ASTM E1004-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Method
Standard Test Method for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Absolute probe coil methods, when used in conjunction with reference standards of known value, provide a means for determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic materials.
4.2 Electrical conductivity of a specimen, when used in conjunction with another method listed and compared to reference charts, can be used as a means of determining: (1) type of metal or alloy, (2) type of heat treatment (for aluminum this evaluation should be used in conjunction with a hardness examination), (3) aging of the alloy, (4) effects of corrosion, (5) heat damage, (6) temper, and (7) hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic materials, typically nonmagnetic metals, using the electromagnetic (eddy current) method. The procedure has been written primarily for use with commercially available direct reading electrical conductivity instruments. General purpose eddy current instruments may also be used for electrical conductivity measurements but will not be addressed in this test method.
1.2 This test method is applicable to nonmagnetic materials that have either a flat or slightly curved surface and includes metals with or without a thin nonconductive coating.
1.3 Eddy current determinations of electrical conductivity may be used in the sorting of nonmagnetic materials with respect to variables such as type of alloy, aging, cold deformation, heat treatment, effects associated with non-uniform heating or overheating, and effects of corrosion. The usefulness of the examinations of these properties is dependent on the amount of electrical conductivity change caused by a change in the specific variable.
1.4 Electrical conductivity, when evaluated with eddy current instruments, is usually expressed as a percentage of the conductivity of the International Annealed Copper Standard (% IACS) or Siemens/meter (S/m). The conductivity of the Annealed Copper Standard is defined to be 0.58 × 108 S/m (100 % IACS) at 20 °C.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1004 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the
1
Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic materials, typically
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
nonmagnetic metals, using the electromagnetic (eddy current)
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
method. The procedure has been written primarily for use with
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
commercially available direct reading electrical conductivity
instruments. General purpose eddy current instruments may
2. Referenced Documents
also be used for electrical conductivity measurements but will
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
not be addressed in this test method.
B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
1.2 This test method is applicable to nonmagnetic materials
Materials
that have either a flat or slightly curved surface and includes
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
metals with or without a thin nonconductive coating.
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
1.3 Eddy current determinations of electrical conductivity terials
E105 Guide for Probability Sampling of Materials
may be used in the sorting of nonmagnetic materials with
respect to variables such as type of alloy, aging, cold E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
deformation, heat treatment, effects associated with non-
uniform heating or overheating, and effects of corrosion. The Lot or Process
E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship
usefulness of the examinations of these properties is dependent
on the amount of electrical conductivity change caused by a Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell
Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Sclero-
change in the specific variable.
scope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness
1.4 Electrical conductivity, when evaluated with eddy cur-
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
rent instruments, is usually expressed as a percentage of the
Testing
conductivity of the International Annealed Copper Standard
E1251 Test Method for Analysis of Aluminum and Alumi-
(% IACS) or Siemens/meter (S/m). The conductivity of the
num Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
8
Annealed Copper Standard is defined to be 0.58 × 10 S/m
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
(100 % IACS) at 20 °C.
E2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium
1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Based Test Methodology)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms relating to eddy cur-
rent examination are given in Terminology E1316.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on
Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on
2
Electromagnetic Method. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published February 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E1004 – 17. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1004-23. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1004 − 17 E1004 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the
1
Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic metals materials, typically
nonmagnetic metals, using the electromagnetic (eddy current) method. The procedure has been written primarily for use with
commercially available direct reading electrical conductivity instruments. General purpose eddy current instruments may also be
used for electrical conductivity measurements but will not be addressed in this test method.
1.2 This test method is applicable to metals nonmagnetic materials that have either a flat or slightly curved surface and includes
metals with or without a thin nonconductive coating.
1.3 Eddy current determinations of electrical conductivity may be used in the sorting of metals nonmagnetic materials with respect
to variables such as type of alloy, aging, cold deformation, heat treatment, effects associated with non-uniform heating or
overheating, and effects of corrosion. The usefulness of the examinations of these properties is dependent on the amount of
electrical conductivity change caused by a change in the specific variable.
1.4 Electrical conductivity, when evaluated with eddy current instruments, is usually expressed as a percentage of the conductivity
of the International Annealed Copper Standard (% IACS) or Siemens/meter (S/m). The conductivity of the Annealed Copper
8
Standard is defined to be 0.58 × 10 S/m (100 % IACS) at 20°C.20 °C.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Electromagnetic
Method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2023. Published June 2017February 2024. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20092017 as
E1004 - 09.E1004 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/E1004-17.10.1520/E1004-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1004 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor Materials
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E105 Guide for Probability Sampling of Materials
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness,
Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Scleroscope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1251 Test Method for Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based Test Methodology)
3
2.2 ASNT Documents:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification In Nondestructive Testing
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualificat
...
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