ASTM D2766-95(2000)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
Standard Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heat capacity of liquids and solids. It is applicable to liquids and solids that are chemically compatible with stainless steel, that have a vapor pressure less than 13.3 kPa (100 torr), and that do not undergo phase transformation throughout the range of test temperatures. The specific heat of materials with higher vapor pressures can be determined if their vapor pressures are known throughout the range of test temperatures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 2766 – 95 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
1
Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2766; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
R = resistance of nominal 1-V standard resistor,
1
R = resistance of nominal 100-V standard resistor,
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heat
100
R = resistance of nominal 10 000-V standard re-
capacity of liquids and solids. It is applicable to liquids and 10 000
sistor,
solids that are chemically compatible with stainless steel, that
E = emf across nominal 1-V standard resistor,
1
haveavaporpressurelessthan13.3kPa(100torr),andthatdo
E = emf across nominal 100-V standard resistor,
100
not undergo phase transformation throughout the range of test
E = emf across nominal 10 000-V standard resis-
10 000
temperatures. The specific heat of materials with higher vapor
tor,
pressurescanbedeterminediftheirvaporpressuresareknown
t = time of application of calibration heater cur-
c
throughout the range of test temperatures.
rent, s,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
q = total heat developed by calibration heater, cal,
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
DE = total heat effect for container, mV,
c
only.
DE = total heat effect for sample+container, mV,
s
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
De = total heat effect for calibration of calorimeter
c
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
system during container run, mV,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
De = total heat effect for calibration of calorimeter
s
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
system during sample run, mV,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
DH = total enthalpy change for container changing
c
from T to T ,
f c
2. Referenced Documents
DH = total enthalpy change for sample plus con-
T
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tainer changing from T to T ,
f c
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density DH = total enthalpy change for sample changing
s
2
(Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
from T to T ,
f c
F = calorimeter factor,
3. Terminology
W = weight of sample corrected for air buoyancy
d = density of sample at T,
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
f f
d = density of sample at T ,
3.1.1 specific heat—the ratio of the amount of heat needed c c
V = total volume of sample container,
to raise the temperature of a mass of the substance by a T
V = volume of sample vapor at T ,
f f
specified amount to that required to raise the temperature of an
V = volume of sample vapor at T ,
c c
equal mass of water by the same amount, assuming no phase
P = vapor pressure of sample at T,
f f
change in either case.
P = vapor pressure of sample at T ,
c c
3.2 Symbols:
N = moles sample vapor at T,
f f
N = moles sample vapor at T ,
c c
N = moles sample vapor condensed,
T = temperature of hot zone, °C,
f
DH = heat of vaporization of sample,
v
T = initial temperature of calorimeter, °C,
c
R = gas constant, and
T8 = T −T =temperature differential, °C,
f c
K = heat of vaporization correction.
3.3 Abbreviations:Units:
3.3.1 The energy and thermal (heat) capacity units used in
1
This test method is under jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
this method are defined as follows:
ProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD02.11on
1 cal (International Table)=4.1868 J
Engineering Science of High Performance Fluids and Solids.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1995. Published October 1995. Originally
1 Btu (British thermal unit, International Table)=
published as D2766–68T. Last previous edition D2766–91.
1055.06 J
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 2766 – 95 (2000)
1 Btu/lb °F=1 cal/g °C
1 Btu/lb °F=4.1868 J/g K
3.3.2 For all but the most precise measurements made with
this method the rounded-off value of 4.19 J/cal can be used as
this is adequate for the precision of the test and avoids the
difficulty caused by the dual definition of the calorie.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The enthalpy change, DH , that occurs when an empty
c
sample container is transferred from a hot zone of constant
temperature to an adiabatic calorimeter at a fixed initial
temperature i
...
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