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ASTM D7777-12

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Liquid Petroleum by Portable Digital Density Meter

Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Liquid Petroleum by Portable Digital Density Meter

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The density, relative density, or API gravity of petroleum products are important quality indicators and are used in quantity calculations or to satisfy application, transportation, storage, and regulatory requirements.
This test method should not be used to determine density for custody transfer quantity calculations, particularly where mass or weight is the unit of quantity measurement. Test Method D4052 is appropriate for these applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density, relative density, or API gravity of liquid petroleum products using portable digital density meters at test temperatures between 0 and 40°C (32 to 104°F). Its application is restricted to samples with a dry vapor pressure equivalent up to 80 kPa (11.6 psi) and a viscosity below 100 mm2/s (cSt) at the test temperature.
1.2 This test method is suitable for determining the density to the nearest 1 kg/m3. To determine the density to the nearest 0.1 kg/m3, use Test Method D4052.
1.3 This test method is easily calibrated and primarily suitable for field applications. It is important for the user to know and understand the electrical classification of the area in which the analyzer is to be used and to select an analyzer appropriate for that classification.
1.4 Test Methods D287 and D1298 are used in field applications. This test method provides an alternative field method that is easily calibrated and does not pose the hazard and breakage of current field methods.
1.5 Portable digital density meters measure the density and temperature of the filled-in sample at the sample temperature. The measured density and temperature are automatically converted into:
Density at 15°C / density at 60°F
Relative density 15°C/15°C / relative density 60°F/60°F
API gravity 15°C / API gravity 60°F
by the instrument using the calculation routines for Generalized Products as defined in Guide D1250.
1.6 If the density meter does not have in-built software to calculate the density at the reference temperature, this is calculated from the observed density at test temperature using the Petroleum Measurement Tables.
1.7 The accepted units of measure for density are kilograms per cubic metre (SI unit) or grams per cubic centimetre. Values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for information only. Both SI and customary units have been rounded; they may not be exactly equivalent.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2011
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0D - Physical and Chemical Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM D6074-15(2022) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
Effective Date
01-Jan-2012

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ASTM D7777-12 - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Liquid Petroleum by Portable Digital Density MeterASTM D7777-12 - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Liquid Petroleum by Portable Digital Density Meter
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ASTM D7777-12 - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Liquid Petroleum by Portable Digital Density Meter
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7777 − 12
559/12
StandardTest Method for
Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Liquid Petroleum
by Portable Digital Density Meter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7777; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 If the density meter does not have in-built software to
calculate the density at the reference temperature, this is
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthedensity,
calculated from the observed density at test temperature using
relative density, or API gravity of liquid petroleum products
the Petroleum Measurement Tables.
using portable digital density meters at test temperatures
1.7 The accepted units of measure for density are kilograms
between 0 and 40°C (32 to 104°F). Its application is restricted
per cubic metre (SI unit) or grams per cubic centimetre.Values
to samples with a dry vapor pressure equivalent up to 80 kPa
in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in
(11.6 psi) and a viscosity below 100 mm /s (cSt) at the test
parentheses are for information only. Both SI and customary
temperature.
units have been rounded; they may not be exactly equivalent.
1.2 This test method is suitable for determining the density
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to the nearest 1 kg/m . To determine the density to the nearest
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
0.1 kg/m , use Test Method D4052.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 This test method is easily calibrated and primarily priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
suitable for field applications. It is important for the user to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
know and understand the electrical classification of the area in
2. Referenced Documents
which the analyzer is to be used and to select an analyzer
2.1 ASTM Standards:
appropriate for that classification.
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
1.4 Test Methods D287 and D1298 are used in field appli-
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
cations. This test method provides an alternative field method
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
that is easily calibrated and does not pose the hazard and
D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables
breakage of current field methods.
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
1.5 Portable digital density meters measure the density and
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
temperature of the filled-in sample at the sample temperature.
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
The measured density and temperature are automatically con-
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
verted into:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Density at 15°C / density at 60°F
Petroleum Products
Relative density 15°C/15°C / relative density 60°F/60°F
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
API gravity 15°C / API gravity 60°F
Petroleum Products
by the instrument using the calculation routines for Gener-
2.2 Energy Institute Standards:
alized Products as defined in Guide D1250.
IP 475 Petroleum Liquids – Manual Sampling
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:
Adjunct to D1250-04 Temperature and Pressure Volume
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Correction Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012. Published April 2012. DOI:10.1520/ For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D7777–12. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This standard has been developed through the cooperative effort betweenASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
International and the Energy Institute, London. The EI and ASTM International the ASTM website.
logos imply that the ASTM International and EI standards are technically Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
equivalent, but does not imply that both standards are editorially identical. U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7777 − 12
Products, and Lubricating Oils where mass or weight is the unit of quantity measurement.Test
Method D4052 is appropriate for these applications.
3. Terminology
6. Apparatus
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 adjustment, n—operation of bringing the portable
6.1 Portable Digital Density Meter—Capable, once
digital density meter to a state of performance suitable for its
calibrated, of determining density with an accuracy of 61
use, by setting or adjusting the instrument constants.
kg/m , fitted with a temperature sensing device capable of
3.1.2 API gravity, n—special function of relative density measuring temperatures to 60.5°C, a pump mechanism for
filling and emptying the U-tube and a digital display of the
(specific gravity) SG60°F/60°F, represented by:
results. Some density meters have in-built software for calcu-
°API 5 141.5/~SG60°F/60°F! 2 131.5
lating the density at 15°C from the observed density at test
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Relative density SG15°C/15°C is also
temperature. Some density meters have a mechanism for
applied.
adjusting the meter during calibration; for others, this adjust-
3.1.3 calibration, n—operation that establishes the relation-
ment is carried out using the in-built software.
ship between the reference density of standards and the
NOTE 1—The meter may also have a memory for storing results, or a
corresponding reading of the instrument.
facility for connecting the meter to either a printer or a computer, or both.
3.1.3.1 validation, n—operation of checking the calibration
6.1.1 If the meter has in-built software it shall have been
of the portable digital density meter at a single point close to
type tested to ensure that its firmware duplicates the Petroleum
the required operating point.
Measurement Tables over the working temperatures and den-
3.1.4 density, n—mass per unit volume at a given tempera-
sity ranges of the test method.
ture.
6.1.2 If the meter is to be used in an environment where a
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Standard units of density are kg/m (SI
risk assessment has identified that a flammable atmosphere is
unit) or mg/cm . Less preferred units, for example, kg/L or
likely to be present, the use of a portable digital density meter
g/mL, are still in use.
with proper safety rating for the zone the instrument is being
3.1.5 relative density (specific gravity), n—ratio of the mass
operated in and the gas group that is being handled is
of a given volume of a liquid at a temperature t to the mass of
mandatory.
an equal volume of pure water at a temperature t . Both
6.1.3 The instrument shall be capable of converting the
temperatures shall be explicitly stated.
measured density and temperature into:
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The unit SG has no dimension. Com-
Density at 15°C / density at 60°F
mon reference temperatures include 15°C/15°C, 60°F/60°F,
Relative density 15°C/15°C / relative density 60°F/60°F
20°C/20°C, and 20°C/4°C.
API gravity 15°C / API gravity 60°F
according to Guide D1298. The instrument shall be capable
4. Summary of Test Method
of meeting the precision requirements described in this test
4.1 The test sample is brought to a temperature close to that
method.
of the density meter. If present, the density meter’s software
6.2 Source of Low-Pressure Air—For drying the U-tube.
program for calculating the density at the reference tempera-
ture is selected, and the oscillating U-tube of the density meter
NOTE2—Anaquariumairpumpfittedwithatubefilledwithadesiccant
is filled with the test portion in accordance with the manufac-
has been found to be suitable.
turer’s instructions. After stabilizing, the density meter’s in-
6.3 Density Meter Stand—(Optional).
built software calculates the density at the reference tempera-
ture. If the density meter does not have in-built software to
6.4 Syringe—Glass or plastic (see Note 3), approximately
calculate the density at the reference temperature, this is
10 mL capacity with a Luer fitting (optional).
calculated from the observed density at test temperature using
NOTE 3—Many plastic syringes designed for medical use are supplied
the Petroleum Measurement Tables. The apparatus’ system is
with a coating of lubricant in the barrel. Some of these coatings can
regularly checked using reagent grade water.
dissolve in the test portion samples altering the sample density. It is
therefore recommended that only syringes specified as non-lubricated
should be used.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The density, relative density, or API gravity of petro-
7. Reagents and Materials
leum products are important quality indicators and are used in
quantity calculations or to satisfy application, transportation,
7.1 Water—Conforming to Specification D1193, Type III.
storage, and regulatory requirements.
7.2 Cleaning Solvent—General purpose reagent grade, for
5.2 This test method should not be used to determine
cleaning the U-tube.
density for custody transfer quantity calculations, particularly
NOTE 4—Heptane or 40-60 Petroleum Spirit have been found to be
suitable.
7.3 Propan-2-ol—General purpose reagent for cleaning the
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
ADJD1250CD or ADJD1250CS. Original adjunct produced in 2004. U-tube.
D7777 − 12
NOTE 6—It is recommended that this apparatus verification is carried
7.4 Certified Reference Material (CRM)—With a density
out either by the manufacturer or a qualified third party laboratory
approximating to the material under test, whose expansivity is
specializing in the measurement of density.
in accordance with the Petroleum Measurement Tables (see
9.2 Check that the U-tube is clean and dry and if necessary
Note 5).
clean and dry in accordance with the recommended cleaning
NOTE 5—While single compound hydrocarbons such as dodecane are
procedure given in Appendix X1.
suitable, it has been found that their expansivity is not described well by
either the Petroleum Measurement Table 54 or ADJD1250CD ), and a
9.3 Clean the outside of the filling tube with cleaning
correction has to be applied. See Table A1.2 on predicted densities at
solvent and wipe dry.
various temperatures for dodecane.
9.4 Bring the CRM and the density meter to thermal
8. Sampling
equilibrium.
8.1 Use only representative samples obtained as described
9.5 Meters with In-Built Software:
in the Practices D4057, D4177, or IP 475 unless otherwise
9.5.1 Select the density at reference temperature program in
specified for test specimens and test units. The sampling
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
procedure for the calibration or adjustment of the apparatus, or
9.5.2 Fill the U-tube with the CRM and check that there are
both, and for testing is as follows:
no air bubbles present. If there are bubbles, empty and refill.
8.1.1 Make sure that the portable digital density meter is in
Allow the meter to stabilize. Record the density of the CRM.
thermal equilibrium with the ambient temperature. If the
If the CRM is a single compound hydrocarbon, apply a
instrument has been transferred from a much warmer or much
correction to the result, see Note 5 and Table A1.2. The result
colder place immediately before use, wait for several minutes
obtained shall be equal to or less than R/1.414 from the
before measuring. Do not transfer the instrument frequently
certified value of the CRM, where R is the reproducibility of
between places with very different ambient temperatures, as
this test method.
humidity condensations may cause measuring errors.
9.5.3 If the value obtained does not meet these criteria,
8.1.2 Make sure to have the samples at or above ambient
clean the U-tube and reverify using the CRM. If the value
temperature. Do not fill samples which are much colder
obtained still fails to meet this criteria, either carry out a
(5°C/9°F) than the ambient temperature. This may generate
recalibration following the manufacturer’s instructions or re-
humidity condensation on the oscillating U-tube sensor, caus-
turn the meter to the manufacturer for servicing and adjust-
ing incorrect measurements and potentially harming the instru-
ment.
ment.
8.1.3 Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for filling
9.6 Meters without In-Built Software:
samples into the instrument. If the sampling system of the
9.6.1 Fill the U-tube with the CRM and check that there are
portable density meter is not completely free of liquid, drain it
no air bubbles present. If there are bubbles, empty and refill.
first as much as possible. Then fill a first portion of the sample
Allow the meter to stabilize. Record the density of the CRM
and drain it immediately. Then fill the sample portion to be
and the test temperature. Using either the Petroleum Measure-
measured.
ment Table 54 or ADJD1250CD, calculate the density of the
8.1.4 Fillthesamplesgently.Ensurethatgasbubblesarenot
CRM at reference temperature. If the CRM is a single
present in the oscillating U-tube sensor once filling is com-
compound hydrocarbon apply corrections to the result. For
pleted. If gas bubbles are present in the oscillating U-tube
dodecane, see TableA1.2.The result obtained shall be equal to
sensor, drain this sample and gently refill with a new sample.
or less than R/1.414 from the certified value of the CRM,
8.2 After the measurement is finished, drain the sample as where R is the reproducibility of this test method.
much as possible. If samples of similar composition are to be 9.6.2 If the value obtained does not meet these criteria,
measured immediately after, rinse the U-tube by filling and
clean the U-tube and reverify using the CRM. If the value
emptying U-tube with the sample at least three times, see Note
obtained still fails to meet this criteria return the meter to the
7. If the instrument is not being used for extended periods of
manufacturer for servicing and adjustment.
time after a measurement or if strongly colored or viscous
samplesorsampleswhichmaycausedepositsintheoscillating
10. Procedure
U-tubesensorhavebeenmeasured,removesampleresiduesby
10.1 Meters with In-Built Software:
rinsing with proper solvent. The rinsing solvent has to be
10.1.1
...

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Standard Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Determination of the color of petroleum products is used mainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an important quality characteristic, since color is readily observed by the user of the product. In some cases, the color may serve as an indication of the degree of refinement of the material. When the color range of a particular product is known, a variation outside the established range may indicate possible contamination with another product. However, color is not always a reliable guide to product quality and should not be used indiscriminately in product specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the visual determination of the color of a wide variety of petroleum products, such as lubricating oils, heating oils, diesel fuel oils, and petroleum waxes.  
Note 1: Test Method D156 is applicable to refined products that have an ASTM color lighter than 0.5.
Note 2: The color of some dyed products may extend outside color range defined by the glass reference standards employed in the testing procedure. Furthermore, samples used to determine the precision and bias did not include dyed products.
Note 3: It is up to the user to determine the suitability of this test method for their dyed products.  
1.2 This test method reports results specific to the test method and recorded as “ASTM Color.”  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6708-24(Practice)
Standard Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice can be used to determine if a constant, proportional, or linear bias correction can improve the degree of agreement between two methods that purport to measure the same property of a material.  
5.2 The bias correction developed in this practice can be applied to a single result (X) obtained from one test method (method X) to obtain a predicted result ( Y^) for the other test method (method Y).
Note 5: Users are cautioned to ensure that  Y^ is within the scope of method Y before its use.  
5.3 The between methods reproducibility established by this practice can be used to construct an interval around  Y^ that would contain the result of test method Y, if it were conducted, with approximately 95 % probability.  
5.4 This practice can be used to guide commercial agreements and product disposition decisions involving test methods that have been evaluated relative to each other in accordance with this practice.  
5.5 The magnitude of a statistically detectable bias is directly related to the uncertainties of the statistics from the experimental study. These uncertainties are related to both the size of the data set and the precision of the processes being studied. A large data set, or, highly precise test method(s), or both, can reduce the uncertainties of experimental statistics to the point where the “statistically detectable” bias can become “trivially small,” or be considered of no practical consequence in the intended use of the test method under study. Therefore, users of this practice are advised to determine in advance as to the magnitude of bias correction below which they would consider it to be unnecessary, or, of no practical concern for the intended application prior to execution of this practice.
Note 6: It should be noted that the determination of this minimum bias of no practical concern is not a statistical decision, but rather, a subjective decision that is directly dependent on the application requirements of the users.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers statistical methodology for assessing the expected agreement between two different standard test methods that purport to measure the same property of a material, and for the purpose of deciding if a simple linear bias correction can further improve the expected agreement. It is intended for use with results obtained from interlaboratory studies meeting the requirement of Practice D6300 or equivalent (for example, ISO 4259). The interlaboratory studies shall be conducted on at least ten materials in common that among them span the intersecting scopes of the test methods, and results shall be obtained from at least six laboratories using each method. Requirements in this practice shall be met in order for the assessment to be considered suitable for publication in either method, if such publication includes claim to have been carried out in compliance with this practice. Any such publication shall include mandatory information regarding certain details of the assessment outcome as specified in the Report section of this practice.  
1.2 The statistical methodology is based on the premise that a bias correction will not be needed. In the absence of strong statistical evidence that a bias correction would result in better agreement between the two methods, a bias correction is not made. If a bias correction is required, then the parsimony principle is followed whereby a simple correction is to be favored over a more complex one.
Note 1: Failure to adhere to the parsimony principle generally results in models that are over-fitted and do not perform well in practice.  
1.3 The bias corrections of this practice are limited to a constant correction, proportional correction, or a linear (proportional + constant) correction.  
1.4 The bias-correction methods of this practice are method symmetric, in the sense that equivalent corrections are obtained regardless of which method is bias-corrected to match the othe...

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ASTM
ASTM D4175-23a(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.  
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places:  (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D665-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In many instances, such as in the gears of a steam turbine, water can become mixed with the lubricant, and rusting of ferrous parts can occur. This test indicates how well inhibited mineral oils aid in preventing this type of rusting. This test method is also used for testing hydraulic and circulating oils, including heavier-than-water fluids. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
Note 3: This test method was used as a basis for Test Method D3603. Test Method D3603 is used to test the oil on separate horizontal and vertical test rod surfaces, and can provide a more discriminating evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the ability of inhibited mineral oils, particularly steam-turbine oils, to aid in preventing the rusting of ferrous parts should water become mixed with the oil. This test method is also used for testing other oils, such as hydraulic oils and circulating oils. Provision is made in the procedure for testing heavier-than-water fluids.
Note 1: For synthetic fluids, such as phosphate ester types, the plastic holder and beaker cover should be made of chemically resistant material suitable for the type of fluid tested.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.4 – 7.6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2425-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.  
5.2 A test method to determine total cycloparafins and low level aromatic content is necessary to meet specifications for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH 2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14  (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH 2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.  
Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content.
Biodiesel (FAME components) could interfere with the separation of the sample and the characteristic mass fragments of FAME compounds are not defined in the procedure.
Hydrocarbons containing tertiary carbon fragments, sometimes found in synthetic aviation fuels, will interfere with the characteristic mass fragments of paraffins and result in a false, elevated cycloparaffin content.
Note 2: “No significant olefin content” for this method means D1319.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7094-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.  
5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials and for classification purposes. This definition may vary from regulation to regulation. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications.  
5.3 This test method can be used to measure and describe the properties of materials in response to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment, which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
5.4 Flash point can also indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material, such as the contamination of lubricating oils by small amounts of diesel fuel or gasoline. This test method was designed to be more sensitive to potential contamination than Test Method D6450.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of fuels including diesel/biodiesel blends, lube oils, solvents, and other liquids by a continuously closed cup tester utilizing a specimen size of 2 mL, cup size of 7 mL, with a heating rate of 2.5 °C per minute.  
1.1.1 Apparatus requiring a specimen size of 1 mL, cup size of 4 mL, and a heating rate of 5.5 °C per minute must be run according to Test Method D6450.  
1.2 This flash point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of temperature increase. It is one of the many flash point test methods available and every flash point test method, including this one, is an empirical method.
Note 1: Flash point values are not a constant physical chemical property of materials tested. They are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can, therefore, only be defined in terms of a standard test method and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or where different test apparatus is specified.  
1.3 This test method utilizes a closed but unsealed cup with air injected into the test chamber.  
1.4 The precision of this test method is applicable for testing samples with a flash point from 22.5 °C to 235.5 °C. Determinations below and above this range may be performed; however, the precision has not been established.  
1.5 If the user’s specification requires a defined flash point method other than this method, neither this method nor any other test method should be substituted for the prescribed test method without obtaining comparative data and an agreement from the specifier.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius, pressure in kilo-Pascals.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2 and 8.5.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by th...

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