ASTM D3850-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Rapid Thermal Degradation of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials By Thermogravimetric Method (TGA)
Standard Test Method for Rapid Thermal Degradation of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials By Thermogravimetric Method (TGA)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thermogravimetry is useful in determining the dynamic functional effect of temperature on the amount of volatile materials leaving a specimen as the latter is heated progressively to higher temperatures. TGA can be useful for process control, process development, material evaluation, and for identification and quality control in specifications.
5.2 The thermal stability of a material can be associated with the degree and time rate of mass loss as a function of temperature. TGA curves can, therefore, be used as a preliminary screen method in the evaluation of relative behavior of insulating materials of the same generic family.
5.3 The functional temperature-life relationship of an insulating material in any given application depends on a number of service and environmental factors. Therefore, the information obtained from TGA curves is not adequate by itself to describe the thermal capability of an insulating material.
5.4 Refer to the Appendix for further discussion of the interpretation of TGA data.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for obtaining thermogravimetric (TGA) data on solid polymeric materials intended for use as electrical insulating materials.
1.2 Do not use this standard to quantify an estimate of the long-term thermal capability for any electrical insulating material. If a relationship exists between TGA and the long-term thermal capabilities of a material, then that fact must be established and made public, preferably by comparing data between a candidate and another material known to display similar failure modes.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3850 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Rapid Thermal Degradation of Solid Electrical Insulating
1
Materials By Thermogravimetric Method (TGA)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3850; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D2307 Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Film-
Insulated Round Magnet Wire
1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for obtaining
E220Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
thermogravimetric (TGA) data on solid polymeric materials
Comparison Techniques
intended for use as electrical insulating materials.
E473Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
1.2 Do not use this standard to quantify an estimate of the
ology
long-term thermal capability for any electrical insulating ma-
E1582Test Method forTemperature Calibration ofThermo-
terial. If a relationship exists between TGA and the long-term
gravimetric Analyzers
thermal capabilities of a material, then that fact must be
established and made public, preferably by comparing data
3. Terminology
between a candidate and another material known to display
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
similar failure modes.
nology D883, Terminology D1711, and Terminology E473.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard.
3.2 Abbreviations—Abbreviations are in accordance with
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Terminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1 This thermogravimetric technique uses the record of the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mass loss versus the temperature of the specimen during the
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
time of exposure to a specified prescribed environment using a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
controlled time rate of heating.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.2 The record is a TGAcurve, with percent of initial mass
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
astheordinateandtemperatureastheabscissa(seeFigs.1and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2).
4.3 The temperature is measured and recorded at specified
2. Referenced Documents
masslosspoints(recordedasaTGAcurve),usinganelectronic
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
chart recorder or other suitable data acquisition device.
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
5. Significance and Use
tics
5.1 Thermogravimetry is useful in determining the dynamic
D1711Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
functional effect of temperature on the amount of volatile
materials leaving a specimen as the latter is heated progres-
sively to higher temperatures. TGA can be useful for process
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
control, process development, material evaluation, and for
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D09.17 on Fire and Thermal Properties.
identification and quality control in specifications.
Current edition approved March 1, 2019. Published March 2019. Originally
5.2 The thermal stability of a material can be associated
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3850–12. DOI:
10.1520/D3850-19.
with the degree and time rate of mass loss as a function of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
temperature. TGAcurves can, therefore, be used as a prelimi-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
nary screen method in the evaluation of relative behavior of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. insulating materials of the same generic family.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3850 − 19
Sample 8.54 mg Heating Rate 5°C/min Purging Gas Flow 0.8 mL/s
FIG. 1 Cu
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3850 − 12 D3850 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Rapid Thermal Degradation of Solid Electrical Insulating
1
Materials By Thermogravimetric Method (TGA)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3850; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for obtaining thermogravimetric (TGA) data on solid polymeric materials intended
for use as electrical insulating materials.
1.2 Do not use this standard to quantify an estimate of the long-term thermal capability for any electrical insulating material.
If a relationship exists between TGA and the long-term thermal capabilities of a material, then that fact must be established and
made public, preferably by comparing data between a candidate and another material known to display similar failure modes.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
D2307 Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Film-Insulated Round Magnet Wire
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E1582 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Terminology D883, Terminology D1711, and Terminology E473.
3.2 Abbreviations—Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This thermogravimetric technique uses the record of the mass loss versus the temperature of the specimen during the time
of exposure to a specified prescribed environment using a controlled time rate of heating.
4.2 The record is a TGA curve, with percent of initial mass as the ordinate and temperature as the abscissa (see Figs. 1 and 2).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.17 on Fire and Thermal CharacteristicsProperties.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012March 1, 2019. Published February 2012March 2019. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 as
D3850 – 94D3850 – 12.(2006). DOI: 10.1520/D3850-12.10.1520/D3850-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3850 − 19
Sample 8.54 mg Heating Rate 5°C/min Purging Gas Flow 0.8 mL/s
FIG. 1 Curve No. 1, Typical TGA for Polyester Film
Sample 5.93 mg Heating Rate 5°C/min Purging Gas Flow 0.8 mL/s
FIG. 2 Curve No. 2, Typical TGA for Polyimide Film
2
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D3850 − 19
4.3 The temperature is measured and recorded at specified mass loss points (recorded as a TGA curve), using an electronic chart
recorder or other suitable data acquisition device.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Thermogravimetry is useful in determining the dynamic functional effect of temperature on the amount of volatile materials
leaving a specimen as the latter is h
...
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