ASTM B610-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Dimensional Changes Associated with Processing Metal Powders
Standard Test Method for Measuring Dimensional Changes Associated with Processing Metal Powders
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Dimensional Change When Compacting and Sintering Metal Powders:
The dimensional change value obtained under specified conditions of compacting and sintering is a material characteristic inherent in the powder.
The test is useful for quality control of the dimensional change of a metal powder mixture, to measure compositional and processing changes and to guide in the production of PM parts.
The absolute dimensional change may be used to classify powders or differentiate one type or grade from another, to evaluate additions to a powder mixture or to measure process changes, and to guide in the design of tooling.
The comparative dimensional change is mainly used as a quality control test to measure variations between a lot or shipment of metal powder and a reference powder of the same material composition.
Factors known to affect size change are the base metal powder grade, type and lot, particle size distribution, level and types of additions to the base metal powder, amount and type of lubricant, green density, as well as processing conditions of the test specimen; heating rate, sintering time and temperature, sintering atmosphere, and cooling rate.
Dimensional Change of Various PM Processing Steps:
The general procedure of measuring the die or a test compact before and after a PM processing step, and calculating a percent dimensional change is also adapted for use as an internal process evaluation test to quantify green expansion, repressing size change, heat treatment changes or other changes in dimensions that result from a manufacturing operation.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers a test method that may be used to measure the sum of the changes in dimensions that occur when a metal powder is first compacted into a test specimen and then sintered.
1.2 The dimensional change is determined by a quantitative laboratory procedure in which the arithmetic difference between the dimensions of a die cavity and the dimensions of a sintered test specimen produced from that die is calculated and expressed as a percent growth or shrinkage.
1.3 With the exception of density values, for which the g/cm3 unit is the industry standard, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI equivalents shown in parentheses, have been converted in accordance with IEEE/ASTM Standard SI 10, may be approximate, and are only for information.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B610 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Measuring Dimensional Changes Associated with
1
Processing Metal Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B610; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Metric
1.1 This standard covers a test method that may be used to
Practice
measure the sum of the changes in dimensions that occur when
a metal powder is first compacted into a test specimen and then
3. Terminology
sintered.
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of the Powder Metallurgy
1.2 The dimensional change is determined by a quantitative
(PM) terms that are used in this test method are found in
laboratory procedure in which the arithmetic difference be-
TerminologyB243.Additionaldescriptiveinformationisavail-
tween the dimensions of a die cavity and the dimensions of a
able in the Related Material section of Vol.02.05 of the Annual
sintered test specimen produced from that die is calculated and
Book of ASTM Standards.
expressed as a percent growth or shrinkage.
1.3 With the exception of density values, for which the
4. Summary of Test Method
3
g/cm unit is the industry standard, the values stated in
4.1 Rectangular test specimens are compacted to a target
inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI
green density from a metal powder or metal powder mixture
equivalents shown in parentheses, have been converted in
and sintered under controlled conditions.
accordance with IEEE/ASTM Standard SI 10, may be
approximate, and are only for information.
4.2 Theabsolutedimensionalchange,expressedasagrowth
or shrinkage percentage is calculated from the difference
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
between the long dimension of the die cavity and the long
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dimension of the sintered test specimen.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.3 The comparative dimensional change requires speci-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mens from a reference metal powder lot agreed upon by the
parties concerned to be produced and processed at the same
2. Referenced Documents
time. The dimensional change of the specimens from the test
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: powder is calculated and mathematically compared with the
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders dimensional change of the specimens from the reference
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy powder.
B328 Test Method for Density, Oil Content, and Intercon-
nected Porosity of Sintered Metal Structural Parts and
5. Significance and Use
3
Oil-Impregnated Bearings (Withdrawn 2009)
5.1 Dimensional Change When Compacting and Sintering
B925 Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder
Metal Powders:
5.1.1 The dimensional change value obtained under speci-
fied conditions of compacting and sintering is a material
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
characteristic inherent in the powder.
Powders and Metal Powder Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
tee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
5.1.2 Thetestisusefulforqualitycontrolofthedimensional
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally
change of a metal powder mixture, to measure compositional
ϵ1
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as B610 - 00 . DOI:
and processing changes and to guide in the production of PM
10.1520/B0610-08.
2
parts.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.3 The absolute dimensional change may be used to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
classify powders or differentiate one type or grade from
the ASTM website.
3
another, to evaluate additions to a powder mixture or to
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. measure process changes, and to guide in the design of tooling.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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B610 − 08
5.1.4 The comparative dimensional change is mainly used change in dimensions of powder and parts at every step of their
as a quality control test to measure variations between a lot or manufacturin
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:B610–00 Designation:B610–08
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Dimensional Changes of Metal Powder
SpecimensMeasuring Dimensional Changes Associated with
1
Processing Metal Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 610; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Editorial corrections were made in Sections 5, 8.6, 9, and 10.4 and Fig. 2.
1. Scope
1.1This test method primarily covers a procedure for determining the change in dimensions that occurs as a result of pressing
andsinteringametalpowderspecimen.Thesizechangereferredtoisthedifferencebetweenthediesizeandthesizeofthesintered
specimen after it has cooled to room temperature, expressed as a percentage. This size change is a basic characteristic of the metal
powder.
1.2The general procedure of measuring a test specimen and die, then calculating the dimensional change, as described in this
test method, also may be used to determine green expansion, heat treat changes, or other dimensional changes of test specimens
that result from processing steps.
1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI equivalents are in parentheses and may be
approximate.
1.4*
1.1 This standard covers a test method that may be used to measure the sum of the changes in dimensions that occur when a
metal powder is first compacted into a test specimen and then sintered.
1.2 The dimensional change is determined by a quantitative laboratory procedure in which the arithmetic difference between
the dimensions of a die cavity and the dimensions of a sintered test specimen produced from that die is calculated and expressed
as a percent growth or shrinkage.
3
1.3 With the exception of density values, for which the g/cm unit is the industry standard, the values stated in inch-pound units
are to be regarded as the standard.The SI equivalents shown in parentheses, have been converted in accordance with IEEE/ASTM
Standard SI 10, may be approximate, and are only for information.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B 215Practices for Sampling Finished Lots of Metal Powders Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B 243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
2
B312Test Method for Green Strength for Compacted Metal Powder Specimens 328 Test Method for Density, Oil Content, and
Interconnected Porosity of Sintered Metal Structural Parts and Oil-Impregnated Bearings
B 925 Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
SI 10 American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology B243— The definitions of the Powder
Metallurgy (PM) terms that are used in this test method are found in Terminology B 243. Additional descriptive information is
available in the Related Material section of Vol.02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved April 10, 2000. Published June 2000. Originally published as B610-76. Last previous edition B610-93.
´1
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as B 610 - 00 .
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 02.05.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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B610–08
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1Test specimens are made from the metal powder lot under consideration
...
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