ASTM C232/C232M-14(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bleeding of Concrete
Standard Test Method for Bleeding of Concrete
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides procedures to be used for determining the effect of variables of composition, treatment, environment, or other factors in the bleeding of concrete. It is also permitted to be used to determine the conformance of a product or treatment with a requirement relating to its effect on bleeding of concrete.
4.2 A specimen consolidated by rodding and tested without further disturbance simulates conditions in which the concrete is not subjected to intermittent vibration after placement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative quantity of mixing water that will bleed from a sample of freshly mixed concrete.
1.2 When various concretes are to be compared, if the batches are of similar unit weight, the sample masses shall not differ by more than 1 kg [2 lb].
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. the alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: C232/C232M − 14 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Bleeding of Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C232/C232M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative 2.1 ASTM Standards:
quantity of mixing water that will bleed from a sample of C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)
freshly mixed concrete. and Voids in Aggregate
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
1.2 When various concretes are to be compared, if the
gregates
batches are of similar unit weight, the sample masses shall not
C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield,
differ by more than 1 kg [2 lb].
and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
crete
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Specimens in the Laboratory
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Sieves
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-
fication E11. the alternative designation given in parentheses is for
information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size. 3. Terminology
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
3.1 Definitions:
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method refer
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
to Terminology C125.
as requirements of the standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 This test method provides procedures to be used for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- determining the effect of variables of composition, treatment,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
environment, or other factors in the bleeding of concrete. It is
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. also permitted to be used to determine the conformance of a
(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic
product or treatment with a requirement relating to its effect on
and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon bleeding of concrete.
prolonged exposure).
4.2 A specimen consolidated by rodding and tested without
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
further disturbance simulates conditions in which the concrete
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
is not subjected to intermittent vibration after placement.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Apparatus
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.1 Container—A cylindrical container of approximately
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
14-L [ ⁄2-ft ] capacity, having an inside diameter of 255 6 5
mm [10 6 ⁄4 in.] and an inside height of 280 65mm[11 6
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
⁄4 in.]. The container shall conform to the requirements for a
ConcreteandConcreteAggregatesandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
C09.60 on Testing Fresh Concrete.
Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C232/C232M – 14. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
DOI: 10.1520/C0232_C0232M-14R19. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C232/C232M − 14 (2019)
measure inTest Method C29/C29M.The inside shall be free of 30-min intervals thereafter until cessation of bleeding, record-
corrosion, coatings, or lubricants. ing the time of last observation. To facilitate the collection of
bleed water, tilt the specimen carefully by placing a block
5.2 Scale, of sufficient capacity to determine the mass of the
approximately 50 mm [2 in.] thick under one side of the
load required with an accuracy of 0.5 %. Balances or scales
container 2 min prior to each time the water is withdrawn.
shall be calibrated at least annually or whenever there is reason
After the water is removed, return the container to a level
to question the accuracy of the equipment.
position without jarring. After each withdrawal, transfer the
5.3 Pipet, or similar instrument, for drawing off free water
water to a 100-mLgraduated cylinder. Record the accumulated
from the surface of the test specimen.
quantity of water after each transfer. If it is desired to
5.4 Glass Graduate, 100-mL capacity for collecting and
determine the mass of the bleed water and to exclude the
measuring the quantity of water withdrawn. material present other than the water, carefully decant the
5 contents of the cylinder into a metal beaker. Determine the
5.5 Tamping Rod—A round, straight steel rod, 16 mm [ ⁄8
mass and record the mass of the beaker and its contents. Dry
in.] in diameter and approximately 610 mm [24 in.] in length,
thebeakeranditscontentstoconstantmassandrecordthefinal
having the tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip, the
mass.Thedifferencebetweenthetwomasses, D,isequaltothe
diameter of which is 16 mm [ ⁄8 in.].
mass of the bleed water. The mass of the sludge shall also be
5.6 The apparatus listed in 5.7, 5.8, and 5.9 are required if
obtained, if desired, by initially determining the tare mass of
the procedure of measuring the amount of bleed water recov-
the beaker.
ered is one involving weighing, evaporation, and reweighing.
5.7 Metal Beaker (Optional)—A 1000-mL metal beaker for
8. Calculation
collecting the decanted supernatant water and sludge.
8.1 Calculate the volume of bleed water per unit area of
5.8 Balance (Optional)—A balance sensitive to1gfor
surface, V, as follows:
determining
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C232/C232M − 14 C232/C232M − 14 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Bleeding of Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C232/C232M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative quantity of mixing water that will bleed from a sample of freshly
mixed concrete.
1.2 When various concretes are to be compared, if the batches are of similar unit weight, the sample masses shall not differ by
more than 1 kg [2 lb].
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents
are not used in practice.
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. the alternative designation given in parentheses is for information
only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method refer to Terminology C125.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.60
on Testing Fresh Concrete.
Current edition approved April 1, 2014April 1, 2019. Published April 2014April 2019. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
C232/C232M – 13c.C232/C232M – 14. DOI: 10.1520/C0232_C0232M-14.10.1520/C0232_C0232M-14R19.
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C232/C232M − 14 (2019)
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method provides procedures to be used for determining the effect of variables of composition, treatment,
environment, or other factors in the bleeding of concrete. It is also permitted to be used to determine the conformance of a product
or treatment with a requirement relating to its effect on bleeding of concrete.
4.2 A specimen consolidated by rodding and tested without further disturbance simulates conditions in which the concrete is
not subjected to intermittent vibration after placement.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Container—A cylindrical container of approximately 14-L [ ⁄2-ft ] capacity, having an inside diameter of 255 6 5 mm [10
1 1
6 ⁄4 in.] and an inside height of 280 6 5 mm [11 6 ⁄4 in.]. The container shall conform to the requirements for a measure in
Test Method C29/C29M. The inside shall be free of corrosion, coatings, or lubricants.
5.2 Scale, of sufficient capacity to determine the mass of the load required with an accuracy of 0.5 %. Balances or scales shall
be calibrated at least annually or whenever there is reason to question the accuracy of the equipment.
5.3 Pipet, or similar instrument, for drawing off free water from the surface of the test specimen.
5.4 Glass Graduate, 100-mL capacity for collecting and measuring the quantity of water withdrawn.
5.5 Tamping Rod—A round, straight steel rod, 16 mm [ ⁄8 in.] in diameter and approximately 610 mm [24 in.] in length, having
the tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip, the diameter of which is 16 mm [ ⁄8 in.].
5.6 The apparatus listed in 5.7, 5.8, and 5.9 are required if the procedure of measuring the amount of bleed water recovered is
one involving weighing, evaporation, and reweighing.
5.7 Metal Beaker (Optional)—A 1000-mL metal beaker for collecting the decanted supernatant water and sludge.
5.8 Balance (Optional)—A balance sensitive to 1 g for determining the mass of the decanted water and sludge.
5.9 Hot Plate (Optional)—A small electric hot plate or other source of heat for evaporating decanted water.
6. Test Specimen
6.1 For concrete made in the laboratory, prepare as described in Practice C192/C192M. For concrete made in the field, sample
the concrete as described in Practice C172/C172M. The apparatus described in this test method is permitted to be used with
samples of concrete containing any size of aggregate graded up to and including a nominal maximum size of 50 mm [2 in.].
Concrete containing aggregate larger than 50 mm [2 in.] in nominal maximum size shall be wet sieved over a 37.5 mm [1 ⁄2-in.]
sieve and the test performed on a portion of the sample that passes through the sieve.
6.2 Determine the proportion of net mixing water (total water minus water absorbed by the aggregates) in the batch of concrete
being tested from the batch weights data.
6.3 Determine the mass of the empty container. Fill the container with the concrete in accordance
...
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