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ASTM D7269-08

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns

Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The levels of tensile properties obtained when testing aramid yarns and tire cords are dependent on the age and history of the specimen and on the specific conditions used during the test. Among these conditions are rate of stretching, type of clamps, gage length of specimen, temperature and humidity of the atmosphere, rate of airflow across the specimen, and temperature and moisture content of the specimen. Testing conditions accordingly are specified precisely to obtain reproducible test results on a specific sample.
Because the force-bearing ability of a reinforced rubber product is related to the strength of the yarn or cord used as a reinforcing material, breaking strength is used in engineering calculations when designing various types of textile reinforced rubber products. When needed to compare intrinsic strength characteristics of yarns or cords of different sizes or different types of fiber, breaking tenacity is very useful because, for a given type of fiber, breaking force is approximately proportional to linear density.
Elongation of yarn or cord is taken into consideration in the design and engineering of reinforced rubber products because of its effect on uniformity of the finished product and its dimensional stability during service.
The FASE is used to monitor changes in characteristics of the textile material during the various stages involved in the processing and incorporation of yarn or cord into a rubber product.
Modulus is a measure of the resistance of yarn or cord to extension as a force is applied. It is useful for estimating the response of a textile reinforced structure to the application of varying forces and rates of stretching. Although modulus may be determined at any specified force, initial modulus is the value most commonly used.
Work-to-break is dependent on the relationship of force to elongation. It is a measure of the ability of a textile structure to absorb mechanical energy. Breaking toughness is work-to-break per un...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tensile testing of aramid yarns, cords twisted from such yarns, and fabrics woven from such cords. The yarn or cord may be wound on cones, tubes, bobbins, spools, or beams; may be woven into fabric; or may be in some other form. The methods include testing procedure only and include no specifications or tolerances.
1.2 These test methods show the values in both SI and inch-pound units. SI units is the technically correct name for the system of metric units known as the International System of Units. Inch-pound units is the technically correct name for the customary units used in the United States. The values stated in either acceptable metric units or other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of each other, without combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard includes the following test methods: Section Breaking Strength (Force)11 Breaking Tenacity12 Breaking Toughness17 Elongation at Break 13 Force at Specified Elongation (FASE)14 Linear Density10 Modulus15 Work-to-Break16
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2008
ICS
59.080.20 - Yarns
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.19 - Industrial Fibers and Metallic Reinforcements
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7269-07 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Replaced By
ASTM D7269/D7269M-10 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns
Effective Date
01-Jan-2010
Referred By
ASTM D6588/D6588M-11(2016) - Standard Test Method for Fatigue of Tire Cords (Disc Fatigue Test)
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM D1776/D1776M-20 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM D8054/D8054M-22 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Para-Aramid Flat Yarns
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7269–08
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7269; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and
1.1 These test methods cover the tensile testing of aramid
Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured
yarns, cords twisted from such yarns, and fabrics woven from
Organic-Base Fibers
such cords. The yarn or cord may be wound on cones, tubes,
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
bobbins, spools, or beams; may be woven into fabric; or may
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn
be in some other form. The methods include testing procedure
Number) by the Skein Method
only and include no specifications or tolerances.
D1909 StandardTable of Commercial Moisture Regains for
1.2 These test methods show the values in both SI and
Textile Fibers
inch-pound units. SI units is the technically correct name for
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
thesystemofmetricunitsknownastheInternationalSystemof
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
Units. Inch-pound units is the technically correct name for the
Related Properties of Textiles
customary units used in the United States. The values stated in
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire,
either acceptable metric units or other units shall be regarded
Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
separately as standard. The values expressed in each system
may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be
3. Terminology
used independently of each other, without combining values in
3.1 Definitions:
any way.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to tire cord and tire
1.3 This standard includes the following test methods:
cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D6477.
Section
3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
Breaking Strength (Force) 11
Breaking Tenacity 12
cord, cord twist, dip, dip pickup, in a textile cord or fabric,
Breaking Toughness 17
industrial yarn, moisture equilibrium for testing, for industrial
Elongation at Break 13
yarns and tire cords, pneumatic tire, single twist, standard
Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) 14
Linear Density 10
atmosphere for testing textiles, tabby sample, tire, and tire cord
Modulus 15
fabric.
Work-to-Break 16
3.1.2 For definitions of terms related to force and deforma-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tion in textiles, refer to Terminology D4848.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
breaking force, breaking strength, breaking tenacity. breaking
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
toughness, chord modulus, in a stress-strain curve, elongation,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
force at specified elongation (FASE), initial modulus, tensile
strength, and work-to-break.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.3 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to Terminology D123.
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
3.1.3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
fabric and growth.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
4. Summary of Test Method
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cord and
Fabrics.
4.1 These test methods are used to determine the tensile
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
properties of aramid yarns or cords.
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7269–07. DOI:
10.1520/D7269-08. 4.2 Aconditioned or oven-dried specimen of aramid yarn or
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
cord is clamped in a tensile testing machine and then stretched
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
or loaded until broken. Breaking force, elongation, and force at
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
specified elongation (FASE) are determined directly. Modulus
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7269–08
and work-to-break are calculated from the force-elongation significant. Shape, size, and internal construction also can have
curv
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7269–07 Designation:D7269–08
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7269; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the tensile testing of aramid yarns, cords twisted from such yarns, and fabrics woven from such
cords. The yarn or cord may be wound on cones, tubes, bobbins, spools, or beams; may be woven into fabric; or may be in some
other form. The methods include testing procedure only and include no specifications or tolerances.
1.2 These test methods show the values in both SI and inch-pound units. SI units is the technically correct name for the system
ofmetricunitsknownastheInternationalSystemofUnits.Inch-poundunitsisthetechnicallycorrectnameforthecustomaryunits
used in the United States.The values stated in either acceptable metric units or other units shall be regarded separately as standard.
The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of each
other, without combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard includes the following test methods:
Section
Breaking Strength (Force) 11
Breaking Tenacity 12
Breaking Toughness 17
Elongation at Break 13
Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) 14
Linear Density 10
Modulus 15
Work-to-Break 16
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base
Fibers
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
D 1909 Standard Table of Commercial Moisture Regains for Textile Fibers
D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D 4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
D 6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to tire cord and tire cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D 6477.
3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: cord, cord twist, dip, dip pickup, in a textile cord or fabric, industrial
yarn, moisture equilibrium for testing, for industrial yarns and tire cords, pneumatic tire, single twist, standard atmosphere for
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cord and Fabrics
.
Current edition approved JulyAug. 1, 2007.2008. Published July 2007.October 2008. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20062007 as
D 7269–067.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7269–08
testing textiles, tabby sample, tire, and tire cord fabric.
3.1.2 For definitions of terms related to force and deformation in textiles, refer to Terminology D 4848.
3.1.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: breaking force, breaking strength, breaking tenacity. breaking
toughness, chord modulus, in a stress-strain curve, elongation, force at specified elongation (FASE), initial modulus, tensile
strength, and work-to-break.
3.1.3 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D 123.
3.1.3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: fabric and growth.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 These test methods are used to determine the tensile properties of aramid yarns or cords.
4.2 Aconditioned or oven-dried specimen of aramid yarn or cord is clamped in a
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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5.2 Test Method D6612 also is used for the quality control of filament yarns.  
5.3 Indices of Variability:  
5.3.1 Coefficient of Variation—%CV is a standard statistical calculation and is the most common index of yarn unevenness. For most textile applications in the 80 to 330 dtex (70 to 300 denier) range, a 1.0 to 1.3 %CV is adequate. %CV of yarns coarser than 666 dtex (600 denier) is not routine and usually not meaningful. %CV is less discriminating that %DS.  
5.3.2 Bad/Good Test—%BGT...
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of yarn number up to 4000 dtex (3600 denier) and related variability properties of filament and spun yarns using an automated tester with capability for measuring mass variability characteristics.  
1.2 Yarn number variability properties include percent density spread (%DS), coefficient of variation (%CV), density frequency variation.  
Note 1: For determination of yarn number by use of reel and balance, refer to Test Method D1907. For another method of measuring variability (unevenness) in yarn, refer to Test Method D1425.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore to ensure conformance with this standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1423/D1423M-16(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D1423 for testing twist in yarns by direct-counting is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum use the samples for such comparative tests as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material that resulted in the disparate test results and randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The determination of twist in a straight section of a yarn is not the simple straightforward operation it appears to be, for the test results may be greatly influenced by variations in test procedures and techniques. In all manipulations, extreme care is necessary to prevent specimen rotation altering the twist level before testing begins.  
5.3 The twist in a yarn before it is packaged may be different from that of the yarn after it has been withdrawn from the package because of changes in tension and the effect of the method of withdrawal. If the yarn is withdrawn over-end, a slight increase or decrease in twist will take place, depending upon the direction of the twist in the yarn, the direction of winding on the package, and the length of the wrap on the package.  
5.4 When a yarn is incorporated into or removed from a more complex structure, alterations may occur as a result of ...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount and direction of twist at the completion of any stage of twisting in single (spun or filament), plied, cabled, or novelty (exclusive of long-term repeat patterns) yarns. The procedures are designed primarily for yarns in packages, but, with special precautions, they are applicable to yarns taken from fabrics. The procedure for spun yarn in 9.2 is also applicable to rovings.  
1.2 For plied yarns, this test method covers the determination of the twist of the plied yarns and the twist of the single yarn before plying. For cabled yarns, the test method covers the determination of the cable or hawser twist; the twist of the plied yarn after plying, but prior to the last twisting operation; and the twist of the single yarn before plying. Procedures are also included for the determination of the twists of the single and plied yarn components as they lie in the final structure. Also, directions are included for the determination of twist in plied yarn made with direct cabling technology.  
1.3 This test method is not intended for yarns that extend more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 2.5 to 7.5 mN/tex [0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex]. Following the procedures of this test method for such yarns would be independent of the bias and precision determined for this test method. The report from such testing should include the tension used for this testing.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: For a more rapid but less accurate method of determining twist in single spun yarns, refer to Test Method D1422.
Note 2: This test method has been evaluated for use in de...

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ASTM D2258/D2258M-16(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in a container or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves a measurement process that includes both sampling and testing procedures. The correctness of the value assigned depends upon the variability due to testing and sampling plan. Even when the variability due to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures, correct and consistent estimates of the true value of the property are possible only when the sampling procedure avoids systematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, and provides a laboratory sample of adequate size.  
5.2 Practice D2258 may not give the most efficient sampling plan that might be devised in special situations but does present a general procedure that gives satisfactory precision with an economical amount of sampling. Many plans that include stratified sampling can be found in textbooks and through the use of statistical software tools and calculators.  
5.2.1 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define suitable production lots based on one or more of the following: supply lot, production shift/time segment, production equipment or production line, operator, designated shipment, production run, or a combination herein.  
5.2.2 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define sampling and testing frequency based on the following: process capability or capability analysis, historical trends, level of detection rate required, confidence level requirements, known variations or special causes, or both. Every attempt to ensure conforming product is being produced, identify potential nonconforming product or proper isolation and identification, will be carried out by the manufacturer.  
5.2.3 Sampling count and number of specimens will be based on standard practice listed within the document. Increase or decrease in count or frequency might be applied based on typical standard deviation, precision and confidence level, Measurement System...
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1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the division of shipments of yarn into test lots and the sampling of such lots for testing.  
1.1.1 This practice can be used for lot sample testing of yarns for both pre-fabric production and post-fabric production.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled yarns, and cords, made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and supported on any form of package, including beams.  
1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics; however, when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of entire shipments, as referred to in 1.1. Consequently, the resultant sampling can only be used to determine the characteristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance testing. Moreover, it should be recognized that the characteristics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the characteristics of the same yarn(s), prior to being entered into the fabric manufacturing process.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...

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ASTM D3693-02(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Labeled Length per Holder of Sewing Thread

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for the labeled lengths per holder of sewing threads of all materials. The test specimen is a thread holder whether a cone, tube, spool, ready-made bobbin, or any other holders. The observed length for all holders such as home sewing spools, ready-made bobbins, or all other holders which depends on the sampling size shall equal or exceed a certain percentage of the minimum allowable labeled length.
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1.1 This specification covers requirements for the labeled lengths of sewing threads of all materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2731-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Elastic Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) is a measure of the tensile force occurring while extending a textile material within specified limits. This characteristic of elastomeric yarn indicates the resistance that will have to be overcome by the wearer while putting on a garment made of the material and is also an indication of the garment's resistance to deformation caused by normal body movements during wear. The elongations used for these measurements are typically 100 %, 200 % and 300 %.  
5.3 Permanent Deformation (set) is a measure of the increase in length of an elastomeric yarn resulting from cyclic stretching and relaxation. The characteristic is a visible indication of the realignment of intermolecular bonds within the elastic material. As with stress decay, the amount of set increases with yarn extension; however, for any particular extension, little or no additional set takes place after...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of elastic properties of “as produced” elastomeric yarns made from rubber, spandex or other elastomers. Elastic properties include force at specified elongations, permanent deformation and stress decay. Other hysteresis related properties can be calculated.
Note 1: For a method designed specifically for testing rubber threads, refer to Test Method D2433.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, or core-spun yarns or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a range of 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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