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ASTM D6591-11

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection

Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel is a factor that can affect exhaust emissions and fuel combustion characteristics, as measured by cetane number.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) regulates the aromatic content of diesel fuels. California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulations place limits on the total aromatics content and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel, thus requiring an appropriate analytical determination to ensure compliance with the regulations.
This test method is applicable to materials in the same boiling range as motor diesel fuels and is unaffected by fuel coloration. Test Method D1319, which has been mandated by the US EPA for the determination of aromatics in motor diesel fuel, excludes materials with final boiling points greater than 315°C (600°F) from its scope. Test Method D2425 is applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel, but is much more costly and time-consuming to perform. Test Method D5186, currently specified by CARB, is also applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel. Test Method D5186, however, specifies the use of supercritical fluid chromatography equipment that may not be readily available.
Note 2—Test Method D5186 was previously specified by CARB as an alternative to Test Method D1319.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-aromatic, di-aromatic, tri+-aromatic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents in diesel fuels and petroleum distillates boiling in the range from 150 to 400°C. The total aromatic content in % m/m is calculated from the sum of the corresponding individual aromatic hydrocarbon types.
Note 1—Aviation fuels and petroleum distillates with a boiling point range from 50 to 300°C are not determined by this test method and should be analyzed by Test Method, D6379 or other suitable equivalent test methods.
1.2 The precision of this test method has been established for diesel fuels and their blending components, containing from 4 to 40 % (m/m) mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 to 20 % (m/m) di-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 to 6 % (m/m) tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 to 26 % (m/m) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and 4 to 65 % (m/m) total aromatic hydrocarbons.
1.3 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents.
1.4 By convention, this standard defines the aromatic hydrocarbon types on the basis of their elution characteristics from the specified liquid chromatography column relative to model aromatic compounds. Quantification is by external calibration using a single aromatic compound, which may or may not be representative of the aromatics in the sample, for each aromatic hydrocarbon type. Alternative techniques and methods may classify and quantify individual aromatic hydrocarbon types differently.
1.5 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), if present, interfere with tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons. If this method is used for diesel containing FAME, the amount of tri+-aromatics will be over estimated.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2011
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0C - Liquid Chromatography
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D6591-11 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index DetectionASTM D6591-11 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection
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REDLINE ASTM D6591-11 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index DetectionREDLINE ASTM D6591-11 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6591 − 11
Designation: 548/06
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle
Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography
1
Method with Refractive Index Detection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method has the same title as IP 548-06 and is intended to be technically equivalent. The
ASTM format for test methods has been used, and where possible, equivalent ASTM test methods
have replaced the IP or ISO standards.
The test method is intended to be used as one of several possible alternative instrumental test
methods that are aimed at quantitative determination of hydrocarbon types in fuels. This does not
implythatacorrelationnecessarilyexistsbetweenthisandanyothertestmethodintendedtogivethis
information, and it is the responsibility of the user to determine such correlation if necessary.
1. Scope* hydrocarbons, 0 to 26 % (m/m) polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons, and 4 to 65% (m/m) total aromatic hydrocar-
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid
bons.
chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-
aromatic, di-aromatic, tri+-aromatic, and polycyclic aromatic 1.3 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are
hydrocarbon contents in diesel fuels and petroleum distillates possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but con-
boiling in the range from 150 to 400°C. The total aromatic jugated di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interfer-
content in % m/m is calculated from the sum of the corre- ents.
sponding individual aromatic hydrocarbon types.
1.4 By convention, this standard defines the aromatic hy-
drocarbon types on the basis of their elution characteristics
NOTE 1—Aviation fuels and petroleum distillates with a boiling point
rangefrom50to300°Carenotdeterminedbythistestmethodandshould
from the specified liquid chromatography column relative to
be analyzed by Test Method, D6379 or other suitable equivalent test
model aromatic compounds. Quantification is by external
methods.
calibration using a single aromatic compound, which may or
1.2 The precision of this test method has been established
may not be representative of the aromatics in the sample, for
for diesel fuels and their blending components, containing
each aromatic hydrocarbon type. Alternative techniques and
from4to40%(m/m)mono-aromatichydrocarbons,0to20%
methods may classify and quantify individual aromatic hydro-
(m/m)di-aromatichydrocarbons,0to6%(m/m)tri+-aromatic
carbon types differently.
1.5 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), if present, interfere
1 with tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons. If this method is used for
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of diesel containing FAME, the amount of tri+-aromatics will be
Subcommittee D02.04.0C on Liquid Chromatography.
over estimated.
This test method is based on material published in IP Standard Methods for
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard 2000
Parts, copyright The Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish Street, London
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
W1M 8AR. Adapted with permission of The Institute of Petroleum.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published February 2012. Originally
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6591–06. DOI:
10.1520/D6591-11. bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6591 − 11
2. Referenced Documents have not been specifically determined for this test method.
2 Publishedandunpublisheddataindicatethemajorconstituents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for each hydrocarbon type as follows: (1) non-aromatic hydro-
D1319TestMethodforHydrocarbonTypesinLiquidPetro-
carbons: acyclic and cyclic alkanes (paraffins and naphthenes),
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
mono-alkenes (if present), (2) MAHs: benzenes, tetralins,
D2425Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Dis-
indanes, thiophenes, and conjugated poly-alkenes, (3) DAHs:
tillates by Mass Spectrometry
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6591–06 Designation: D6591 – 11
Designation: 548/06
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle
Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography
1
Method with Refractive Index Detection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method has the same title as IP 548-06 and is intended to be technically equivalent. The
ASTM format for test methods has been used, and where possible, equivalent ASTM test methods
have replaced the IP or ISO standards.
The test method is intended to be used as one of several possible alternative instrumental test
methods that are aimed at quantitative determination of hydrocarbon types in fuels. This does not
imply that a correlation necessarily exists between this and any other test method intended to give this
information, and it is the responsibility of the user to determine such correlation if necessary.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-aromatic,
di-aromatic, tri+-aromatic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents in diesel fuels and petroleum distillates boiling in the
rangefrom150to400°C.Thetotalaromaticcontentin%m/miscalculatedfromthesumofthecorrespondingindividualaromatic
hydrocarbon types.
NOTE 1—Aviation fuels and petroleum distillates with a boiling point range from 50 to 300°C are not determined by this test method and should be
analyzed by Test Method, D6379 or other suitable equivalent test methods.
1.2 The precision of this test method has been established for diesel fuels and their blending components, containing from 4
to 40 % (m/m) mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 to 20 % (m/m) di-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 to 6 % (m/m) tri+-aromatic
hydrocarbons, 0 to 26 % (m/m) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and 4 to 65 % (m/m) total aromatic hydrocarbons.
1.3 Compoundscontainingsulfur,nitrogen,andoxygenarepossibleinterferents.Mono-alkenesdonotinterfere,butconjugated
di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents.
1.4 By convention, this standard defines the aromatic hydrocarbon types on the basis of their elution characteristics from the
specified liquid chromatography column relative to model aromatic compounds. Quantification is by external calibration using a
single aromatic compound, which may or may not be representative of the aromatics in the sample, for each aromatic hydrocarbon
type. Alternative techniques and methods may classify and quantify individual aromatic hydrocarbon types differently.
1.5 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), if present, interfere with tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons. If this method is used for diesel
containing FAME, the amount of tri+-aromatics will be over estimated.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0C
on Liquid Chromatography.
This test method is based on material published in IP Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard 2000 Parts,
copyright The Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1M 8AR. Adapted with permission of The Institute of Petroleum.
Current edition approved Nov.Dec. 1, 2006.2011. Published December 2006.February 2012. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 as
D6591–00.D6591–06. DOI: 10.1520/D6591-06.10.1520/D6591-11.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6591 – 11
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
D4057 Practice f
...

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1.1 This practice covers basic procedures that can be used to develop instrument performance tests for spectroscopic based online, at-line, laboratory and field analyzers. The practice is intended to be applicable to Raman spectrometers and to infrared spectrophotometers operating in the near-infrared and mid-infrared regions.  
1.2 This practice is not intended as a replacement for specific practices, such as Practices E275, E925, E932, E958, E1421, or E1683 that exist for measuring performance of specific types of laboratory spectroscopic instruments. Instead, this practice is intended to provide guidelines as to how similar practices should be developed when specific practices do not exist for a particular instrument type, or when specific practices are not applicable due to sampling or safety concerns. This practice can be used to develop instrument performance tests for on-line process spectroscopic-based analyzers.  
1.2.1 The performance tests described in this practice typically only evaluate the performance of the infrared spectrophotometer or Raman spectrometer part of the analyzer system, referred to herein as the instrument.  
1.2.2 Instrument performance tests do not typically evaluate performance of analyzer sampling systems.  
1.3 This practice describes univariate level zero and level one tests, and multivariate level A and level B tests which can be implemented to measure instrument performance. These tests are designed to be used as rapid, routine checks of instrument performance. They are designed to uncover malfunctions or other changes in instrument operation, but do not specifically diagnose or quantitatively assess the malfunction or change. The tests are not intended for the comparison of instruments or analyzers of different manufacture.  
1.4 The instrument performance tests described in this practice are used during the development of multivariate calibrations via Practice D8321 to establ...

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ASTM
ASTM D6277-07(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Benzene is a compound that endangers health, and the concentration is limited by environmental protection agencies to produce a less toxic gasoline.  
5.2 This test method is fast, simple to run, and inexpensive.  
5.3 This test method is applicable for quality control in the production and distribution of spark-ignition engine fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of benzene in spark-ignition engine fuels. It is applicable to concentrations from 0.1 % to 5 % by volume.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6296-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Total Olefins in Spark-ignition Engine Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The quantitative determination of olefins in spark-ignition engine fuels is required to comply with government regulations.  
5.2 Knowledge of the total olefin content provides a means to monitor the efficiency of catalytic cracking processes.  
5.3 This test method provides better precision for olefin content than Test Method D1319. It also provides data in a much shorter time, approximately 20 min following calibration, and maximizes automation to reduce operator labor.  
5.4 This test method is not applicable to M85 or E85 fuels, which contain 85 % methanol and ethanol, respectively.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the quantitative determination of total olefins in the C4 to C10 range in spark-ignition engine fuels or related hydrocarbon streams, such as naphthas and cracked naphthas. Olefin concentrations in the range from 0.2 % by liquid-volume or mass to 5.0 % by liquid-volume or mass, or both, can be determined directly on the as-received sample whereas olefins in samples containing higher concentrations are determined after appropriate sample dilution prior to analysis.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples containing alcohols and ethers; however, samples containing greater than 15 % alcohol must be diluted. Samples containing greater than 5.0 % ether must also be diluted to the 5.0 % or less level, prior to analysis. When ethyl-tert-butylether is present, only olefins in the C4 to C9 range can be determined.  
1.3 This test method can not be used to determine individual olefin components.  
1.4 This test method can not be used to determine olefins having higher carbon numbers than C10.
Note 1: Precision was determined only on samples containing MTBE and ethanol.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6379-21e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate quantitative information on aromatic hydrocarbon types can be useful in determining the effects of petroleum processes on production of various finished fuels. This information can also be useful for indicating the quality of fuels and for assessing the relative combustion properties of finished fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-aromatic and di-aromatic hydrocarbon contents in aviation kerosenes and petroleum distillates boiling in the range from 50 °C to 300 °C, such as Jet A or Jet A-1 fuels. The total aromatic content is calculated from the sum of the individual aromatic hydrocarbon-types.  
Note 1: Samples with a final boiling point greater than 300 °C that contain tri-aromatic and higher polycyclic aromatic compounds are not determined by this test method and should be analyzed by Test Method D6591 or other suitable equivalent test methods.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to distillates containing from 0.8 % to 44.0 % by mass mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0.23 % to 6.20 % by mass di-aromatic hydrocarbons, and 0.7 % to 50 % by mass total aromatics. Although this method generates results in m/m, results may also be quoted in v/v.  
1.3 The precision of this test method has been established for kerosene boiling range distillates containing from 0.40 % to 44.0 % by mass mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0.02 % to 6.20 % by mass di-aromatic hydrocarbons, and 0.40 % to 50.0 % by mass total aromatics. If results are quoted in volume, the precision is 0.3 % to 41.4 % by volume mono-aromatics, 0.01 % to 5.00 % by volume di-aromatics, and 0.30 % to 46.3 % by volume total aromatics. As calculated by IP 367-1.  
1.4 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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