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ASTM E3196-21

(Terminology)

Standard Terminology Relating to the Examination of Explosives

Standard Terminology Relating to the Examination of Explosives

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These terms have particular application to explosives analysis. In addition, several sources of definitions were used in the development of this terminology: Hawley’s Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Sixteenth Edition  (1);3  Practical Bomb Scene Investigation, Third Edition  (2); Forensic Investigation of Explosions  (3); Chemistry of Pyrotechnics, Third Edition  (4); Explosives, Seventh Completely Revised and Updated Edition  (5); Dictionary of Explosions & Explosives  (6); PICATINNY Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items  (7, 8); Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary  (9); and DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms  (10). A suitable definition was developed after all of the sources were found wanting.
SCOPE
1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding definitions related to the analysis of explosives. Legal or scientific terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources may not be included.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2021
ICS
71.100.30 - Explosives. Pyrotechnics and fireworks
Technical Committee
E30 - Forensic Sciences
Drafting Committee
E30.01 - Criminalistics
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E3196-21 - Standard Terminology Relating to the Examination of Explosives
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3196 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to the Examination of Explosives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Terminology
1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding
activation energy,n—the amount of energy needed to take the
definitions related to the analysis of explosives. Legal or
starting materials from their reasonably stable form at 25°C
scientific terms that are generally understood or defined ad-
and convert them to a reactive, higher-energy excited state.
equately in other readily available sources may not be in-
Conkling and Mocella (4), p. 40
cluded.
alloy, n—a solid or liquid mixture of two or more metals, or of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
one or more metals with certain non-metallic elements, as in
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
carbon steels.
standard.
Hawley’s Condensed Chemical Dictionary (1), p. 48
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
ANFO, n—a mixture that consists of ammonium nitrate and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
fuel oil.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
anion, n—an ion having a negative charge.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Hawley’s Condensed Chemical Dictionary (1), p. 95
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- -
DISCUSSION—Examples of anions are NO in KNO or ClO in
3 3 4
NH ClO .
4 4
2. Referenced Documents
2
base charge, n—the main high explosive charge.
2.1 NFPA Document:
NFPA 921 Guide for Fire & Explosion Investigations, 2017
binary explosive, n—a high explosive consisting of a separate
edition
oxidizer and fuel that can be acquired, stored, or shipped
individually, but when combined form an explosive mixture.
3. Significance and Use
black powder, n—a low explosive composed of potassium
3.1 These terms have particular application to explosives
nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal; commercial products are gen-
analysis. In addition, several sources of definitions were used
erally glazed and produced in specific granulation size
in the development of this terminology: Hawley’s Condensed
3
ranges.
Chemical Dictionary, Sixteenth Edition (1); Practical Bomb
Beveridge (3), p. 129
Scene Investigation, Third Edition (2); Forensic Investigation
of Explosions (3); Chemistry of Pyrotechnics, Third Edition
DISCUSSION—Sodium nitrate can be found in place of potassium
(4); Explosives, Seventh Completely Revised and Updated
nitrate.
Edition (5); Dictionary of Explosions & Explosives (6); PICA-
black powder substitute, n—a commercially produced low
TINNY Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items (7, 8);
explosive powder which is designed to replace traditional
Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary (9); and DOD Dictionary of
black powder in muzzle loading weapons; formulations can
Military and Associated Terms (10). A suitable definition was
include potassium perchlorate in addition to potassium
developed after all of the sources were found wanting.
nitrate, or can use other fuels such as ascorbic acid.
DISCUSSION—Many black powder substitutes are sulfur-free.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on
Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on
blasting agent, n—a non-detonator sensitive explosive that
Criminalistics.
must be initiated by a booster, or that requires a primer to
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. DOI:
detonate.
10.1520/E3196-21.
2
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Dictionary of Explosions & Explosives (6), p. 24
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
3
DISCUSSION—Many ammonium nitrate-based explosives fall into this
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
this standard. category.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3196 − 21
blasting cap, n—a cylindrical shell, usually of metal, contain- deflagration, n—propagation of a combustion zone at a
ing both a primary high explosive and a secondary high velocity that is less than the speed of sound in the unreacted
explosiv
...

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5.1 This practice is designed to assist the forensic explosives examiner in selecting and organizing an analytical scheme for identifying intact explosives. The amount and condition of the sample, as well as the availability of applicable instrumental techniques, will determine the selected analytical scheme.  
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Keywords  
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4.1 Using the procedures and apparatus in Sections 8 and 9 and the manufacturer's instructions, pressure-tight joints as strong as the pipe itself can be made between manufacturer-recommended combinations of pipe and fittings. See Specification F1055 for performance requirements of polyethylene electrofusion fittings.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the filtering efficiency and the flow rate of the filtration component of a sediment retention device, such as a silt fence, silt barrier, or inlet protector.  
1.1.1 The results are shown as a percentage for filtering efficiency and cubic metres per square metre per minute (m3/m2/min) or gallons per square foot per minute (gal/ft2/min) for flow rate.  
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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1.4 This specification and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished in inch-pound units.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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