ASTM D543-95
(Practice)Standard Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
Standard Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover the evaluation of all plastic materials including cast, hot-molded, cold-molded, laminated resinous products, and sheet materials for resistance to chemical reagents. These practices include provisions for reporting changes in weight, dimensions, appearance, and strength properties. Standard reagents are specified to establish results on a comparable basis. Provisions are made for various exposure times, stress conditions, and exposure to reagents at elevated temperatures. The type of conditioning (immersion or wet patch) depends upon the end-use of the material. If used as a container or transfer line, specimens should be immersed. If the material will only see short exposures or will be used in close proximity and reagent may splash or spill on the material, the wet patch method of applying reagent should be used.
Note 1—These practices are related to ISO 175. Method B is similar to ISO 4599-1986(E). An ISO standard is under development that requires specific procedures for reporting the change in mechanical propertie after chemical exposure.
1.2 The effect of chemical reagents on other properties shall be determined by making measurements on standard specimens for such tests before and after immersion or stress, or both, if so tested.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.
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Designation: D 543 – 95 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practices for
Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical
Reagents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
1.1 These practices cover the evaluation of all plastic
Insulating Materials for Testing
materials including cast, hot-molded, cold-molded, laminated
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
resinous products, and sheet materials for resistance to chemi-
D 1040 Specification for Uninhibited Mineral Insulating Oil
cal reagents. These practices include provisions for reporting
for Use in Transformers and in Oil Circuit Breakers
changes in weight, dimensions, appearance, and strength prop-
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
erties. Standard reagents are specified to establish results on a
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
comparable basis. Provisions are made for various exposure
ASTM Test Methods
times, stress conditions, and exposure to reagents at elevated
2.2 Military Specifications:
temperatures. The type of conditioning (immersion or wet
MIL-A-11755 Antifreeze, Artic-Type
patch) depends upon the end-use of the material. If used as a
MIL-A-46153 Antifreeze, Ethylene Glycol, Inhibited,
container or transfer line, specimens should be immersed. If the
Heavy Duty, Single Package
material will only see short exposures or will be used in close
MIL-C-372 Cleaning Compound, Solvent (For Bore of
proximity and reagent may splash or spill on the material, the
Small Arms and Automatic Aircraft Weapons)
wet patch method of applying reagent should be used.
MIL-D-12468 Decontaminating Agent, STB
NOTE 1—These practices are related to ISO 175. Method B is similar to
MIL-D-50030 Decontaminating Agent, DS2
ISO 4599-1986(E). An ISO standard is under development that requires
MIL-F-46162 Fuel, Diesel, Referee Grade
specific procedures for reporting the change in mechanical properties after
MIL-G-5572 Gasoline, Aviation, Grades 80/87, 100/130,
chemical exposure.
115/145
1.2 The effect of chemical reagents on other properties shall
MIL-H-5606 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base, Aircraft,
be determined by making measurements on standard speci-
Missiles, and Ordinance
mens for such tests before and after immersion or stress, or
MIL-H-6083 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base, for Preser-
both, if so tested.
vation and Operation
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
MIL-H-83283 Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, Synthetic
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Hydrocarbon Base, Aircraft
only.
MIL-L-7808 Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engine, Syn-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
thetic Base, NATO Code Number 0–148
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
MIL-L-14107 Lubricating Oil, Weapons, Low Temperature
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
MIL-L-23699 Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engines,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Synthetic Base
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
MIL-L-46000 Lubricant, Semi-Fluid (Automatic Weapons)
statements are given in Section 7.
MIL-T-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Grades JP-4 and JP-5
MIL-T-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Type,
2. Referenced Documents
Grade JP-8
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2.3 U.S. Army Regulation:
D 13 Specification for Spirits of Turpentine
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
1 4
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Permanence Properties. Discontinued. See 1980 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 40.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1995. Published December 1995. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
published as D 543 – 39 T. Last previous edition D 543 – 87. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
D 543
AR 70-71 Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Contamina- 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity in accordance with
tion Survivability of Army Material Practice D 618.
2.4 ISO Standards: 5.4 Containers—Suitable containers for submerging speci-
ISO 175 Plastics—Determination of Resistance to Liquid mens in chemical reagents. They must be resistant to the
Chemicals corrosive effects of the reagents being used. Venting should be
ISO 4599-1986(E) Plastics—Determination of Resistance provided, especially when using volatile reagents at elevated
to Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC)—Bent Strip temperatures. Tightly sealed containers are preferred for room
Method temperature testing to minimize loss.
5.5 Strain Jigs—Jigs are to be capable of supplying known
3. Terminology
amounts of strain to test specimens. Fig. 1 is a side view
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms applying to these
drawing of a typical strain jig used to obtain 1.0 % strain in a
practices appear in Terminology D 883.
3.2 mm (0.125 in.) thick test specimen. Shown in Fig. 1 is an
equation that can be used to calculate strain from known
4. Significance and Use
dimensions or back-calculate jig dimensions for a desired
4.1 The limitations of the results obtained from these
specimen strain.
practices should be recognized. The choice of types and
5.6 Oven or Constant Temperature Bath, capable of main-
concentrations of reagents, duration of immersion or stress, or
taining temperatures within 62°C of the specified test tem-
both, temperature of the test, and properties to be reported is
peratures.
necessarily arbitrary. The specification of these conditions
5.7 Testing Devices—Testing devices for determining spe-
provides a basis for standardization and serves as a guide to
cific strength properties of specimens before and after submer-
investigators wishing to compare the relative resistance of
sion or strain, or both, conforming to the requirements pre-
various plastics to typical chemical reagents.
scribed in the ASTM test methods for the specific properties
4.2 Correlation of test results with the actual performance or
being determined.
serviceability of plastics is necessarily dependent upon the
similarity between the testing and the end-use conditions. For
applications involving continuous immersion, the data ob-
tained in short-time tests are of interest only in eliminating the
most unsuitable materials or indicating a probable relative
order of resistance to chemical reagents.
4.3 Evaluation of plastics for special applications involving
corrosive conditions should be based upon the particular
reagents and concentrations to be encountered. The selection of
test conditions should take into account the manner and
duration of contact with reagents, the temperature of the
system, applied stress, and other performance factors involved
in the particular application.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Balance—A balance capable of weighing accurately to
0.05 % for a test specimen weighing 100 g or less, and to 0.1 %
for a test specimen weighing over 100 g. Assurance that the
balance meets the performance requirements should be pro-
vided by frequent checks on adjustments of zero points and
sensitivity and by periodic calibration for absolute accuracy,
using standard masses.
5.2 Micrometers—Use a suitable micrometer for measuring
the dimensions of test specimens similar to that described in
Test Method D 374. The micrometer should have an incremen-
tal discrimination of at least 0.025 mm (0.001 in.). For
specimens 0.100 in. thick or less, the micrometer used shall
have an incremental discrimination of at least 0.0025 mm
(0.0001 in.). The micrometer must be verified using gage
blocks traceable to National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology (NIST) every 30 days minimum.
5.3 Room, or enclosed space capable of being maintained at
the standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. FIG. 1 Determination of Strain Level of ESCR Fixtures
D 543
5.8 Laboratory Hood, or other system adequate for vapor 6.3.25 Hydrogen Peroxide Solution, 28 % or USP 100
ventilation. volume.
6.3.26 Hydrogen Peroxide Solution (3 % or USP 10
6. Reagents and Materials
volume)—Add 98 mL (108 g) of commercial grade (100
6.1 The following list of standard reagents is intended to be
volume or 28 %) hydrogen peroxide (H O ) to 901 mL of
2 2
representative of the main categories of pure chemical com-
water.
pounds, solutions, and common industrial products. Chemicals
6.3.27 Isooctane, 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane.
used in this practice shall be of technical grade or greater
6.3.28 Kerosine—No. 2 fuel oil, Specification D 396.
purity. All solutions shall be made with freshly prepared
6.3.29 Methyl Alcohol.
distilled water. Specific concentrations are on a weight percent
6.3.30 Mineral Oil, White, USP, sp gr 0.830 to 0.860;
or specific gravity basis. Mixing instructions are based on
Saybolt at 100°F: 125 to 135 s.
amounts of ingredients calculated to produce 1000 mL of
6.3.31 Nitric Acid (sp gr 1.42)—Concentrated nitric acid
solution of the specified concentration.
(HNO ).
6.2 The following list of standard reagents is not intended to
6.3.32 Nitric Acid (40 %)—Add 500 mL (710 g) of
preclude the use of other reagents pertinent to particular
HNO (sp gr 1.42) to 535 mL of water.
chemical resistance requirements. It is intended to standardize
6.3.33 Nitric Acid (10 %)—Add 108 mL (153 g) of
typical reagents, solution concentrations, and industrial prod-
HNO (sp gr 1.42) to 901 mL of water.
ucts for general testing of the resistance of plastics to chemical
6.3.34 Oleic Acid, cP.
reagents. Material specifications in which chemical resistance
6.3.35 Olive Oil, edible grade.
is indicated shall be based upon reagents and conditions
6.3.36 Phenol Solution (5 %)—Dissolve 47 g of carbonic
selected from those listed herein except by mutual agreement
acid crystals, USP, in 950 mL of water.
between the seller and the purchaser.
6.3.37 Soap Solution (1 %)—Dissolve dehydrated pure
6.3 Standard Reagents:
white soap flakes (dried1hat 105°C) in water.
6.3.1 Acetic Acid (sp gr 1.05)—Glacial acetic acid.
6.3.38 Sodium Carbonate Solution (20 %)—Add 660 g of
6.3.2 Acetic Acid (5 %)—Add 48 mL (50.5 g) of glacial
sodium carbonate (Na ·CO ·10H O) to 555 mL of water.
2 3 2
acetic acid (sp gr 1.05) to 955 mL of water.
6.3.39 Sodium Carbonate Solution (2 %)—Add 55 g of
6.3.3 Acetone.
Na ·CO ·10H O to 964 mL of water.
2 3 2
6.3.4 Ammonium Hydroxide (sp gr 0.90)—Concentrated
6.3.40 Sodium Chloride Solution (10 %)—Add 107 g of
ammonium hydroxide (NH OH).
sodium chloride (NaCl) to 964 mL of water.
6.3.5 Ammonium Hydroxide (10 %)—Add 375 mL (336 g)
6.3.41 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (60 %)—Slowly dis-
of (NH OH) (sp gr 0.90) to 622 mL of water.
solve 971 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 649 mL of water.
6.3.6 Aniline.
6.3.42 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (10 %)—Dissolve 111 g
6.3.7 Benzene.
of NaOH in 988 mL of water.
6.3.8 Carbon Tetrachloride.
6.3.43 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1 %)—Dissolve 10.1 g
6.3.9 Chromic Acid (40 %)—Dissolve 549 g of chromic
of NaOH in 999 mL of water.
anhydride (C O ) in 822 mL of water.
r 2
6.3.44 Sodium Hypochlorite Solution, National Formulary,
6.3.10 Citric Acid (1 %)—Dissolve 104 g of citric acid
(4 to 6 %)—The concentration of this solution can be deter-
crystals in 935 mL of water.
mined as follows: Weigh accurately in a glass-stoppered flask
6.3.11 Cottonseed Oil, edible grade.
about 3 mL of the solution and dilute with 50 mL of water. Add
6.3.12 Detergent Solution, Heavy Duty (0.025 %)—
2 g of potassium iodide (KI) and 10 mL of acetic acid, and
Dissolve 0.05 g of alkyl aryl sulfonate and 0.20 g of trisodium
titrate the liberated iodine with 0.1 N sodium thiosulfate
phosphate in 1000 mL of water.
(Na S O ), adding starch solution as the indicator. Each
2 2 3
6.3.13 Diethyl Ether.
millilitre of 0.1 N Na S O solution is equivalent to 3.7222 mg
6.3.14 Dimethyl Formamide. 2 2 3
of sodium hypochlorite.
6.3.15 Distilled Water, freshly prepared.
6.3.45 Sulfuric Acid (sp gr 1.84)—Concentrated sulfuric
6.3.16 Ethyl Acetate.
acid (H SO ).
2 4
6.3.17 Ethyl Alcohol (95 %)—Undenatured ethyl alcohol.
6.3.46 Sulfuric Acid (30 %)—Slowly add 199 mL (366 g) of
6.3.18 Ethyl Alcohol (50 %)—Add 598 mL (482 g) of 95 %
H SO (sp gr 1.84) to 853 mL of water.
undenatured ethyl alcohol to 435 mL of water. 2 4
6.3.47 Sulfuric Acid (3 %)—Slowly add 16.6 mL (30.6 g) of
6.3.19 Ethylene Dichloride.
H SO (sp gr 1.84) to 988 mL of water.
6.3.20 2-Ethylhexyl Sebacate. 2 4
6.3.48 Toluene.
6.3.21 Heptane, commercial grade, boiling range from 90 to
100°C. 6.3.49 Transformer Oil, in accordance with the require-
ments of Specification D 1040.
6.3.22 Hydrochloric Acid (sp gr 1.19)—Concentrated hy-
drochloric acid (HCl). 6.3.50 Turpentine—Gum spirits or steam distilled wood
turpentine in accordance with Specification D 13.
6.3.23 Hydrochloric Acid (10 %)—Add 239 mL (283 g) of
HCl (sp gr 1.19) to 764 mL of water. 6.4 Table 1 contains a list of military specifications for
6.3.24 Hydrofluoric Acid (40 %)—Slowly add 748 mL (866 various liquids intended to be representative of the main types
g) of hydrofluoric acid (52 to 55 % HF) to 293 mL of water. of liquids that may be encountered in a military service
D 543
TABLE 1 Military Specifications for Liquids Encountered in
conditions recommended by the manufacturer of the material
Military Service Environments
(see Note 2). The shape and dimensions of specimens shall
Specification Title
depend upon the test to be performed and shall conform to the
MIL-C-372 Cleaning Compound, Solvent (for Bore of Small Arms
following:
and Automatic Aircraft Weapons)
9.1.1.1 Weight and Dimension Changes—Standard speci-
MIL-G-5572 Gasoline, Aviation, Grades 80/87, 100/130, 115/145
mens shall be in the form of disks 50.80 mm (2 in.) in diameter
MIL-H-5606 H
...
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