ASTM D543-95(2001)
(Practice)Standard Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
Standard Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover the evaluation of all plastic materials including cast, hot-molded, cold-molded, laminated resinous products, and sheet materials for resistance to chemical reagents. These practices include provisions for reporting changes in weight, dimensions, appearance, and strength properties. Standard reagents are specified to establish results on a comparable basis. Provisions are made for various exposure times, stress conditions, and exposure to reagents at elevated temperatures. The type of conditioning (immersion or wet patch) depends upon the end-use of the material. If used as a container or transfer line, specimens should be immersed. If the material will only see short exposures or will be used in close proximity and reagent may splash or spill on the material, the wet patch method of applying reagent should be used.
Note 1—These practices are related to ISO 175. Method B is similar to ISO 4599-1986(E). An ISO standard is under development that requires specific procedures for reporting the change in mechanical properties after chemical exposure.
1.2 The effect of chemical reagents on other properties shall be determined by making measurements on standard specimens for such tests before and after immersion or stress, or both, if so tested.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.
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Designation: D 543 – 95 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Practices for
Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical
Reagents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These practices cover the evaluation of all plastic 2.1 ASTM Standards:
materials including cast, hot-molded, cold-molded, laminated D13 Specification for Spirits of Turpentine
resinous products, and sheet materials for resistance to chemi- D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils
cal reagents. These practices include provisions for reporting D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
changes in weight, dimensions, appearance, and strength prop- D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
erties. Standard reagents are specified to establish results on a D 1040 SpecificationforUninhibitedMineralInsulatingOil
comparable basis. Provisions are made for various exposure for Use in Transformers and in Oil Circuit Breakers
times, stress conditions, and exposure to reagents at elevated D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
temperatures. The type of conditioning (immersion or wet E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
patch) depends upon the end-use of the material. If used as a ASTM Test Methods
containerortransferline,specimensshouldbeimmersed.Ifthe 2.2 Military Specifications:
material will only see short exposures or will be used in close MIL-A-11755 Antifreeze, Arctic-Type
proximity and reagent may splash or spill on the material, the MIL-A-46153 Antifreeze, Ethylene Glycol, Inhibited,
wet patch method of applying reagent should be used. Heavy Duty, Single Package
MIL-C-372 Cleaning Compound, Solvent (For Bore of
NOTE 1—These practices are related to ISO 175. Method B is similar to
Small Arms and Automatic Aircraft Weapons)
ISO 4599-1986(E). An ISO standard is under development that requires
MIL-D-12468 Decontaminating Agent, STB
specific procedures for reporting the change in mechanical properties after
MIL-D-50030 Decontaminating Agent, DS2
chemical exposure.
MIL-F-46162 Fuel, Diesel, Referee Grade
1.2 The effect of chemical reagents on other properties shall
MIL-G-5572 Gasoline, Aviation, Grades 80/87, 100/130,
be determined by making measurements on standard speci-
115/145
mens for such tests before and after immersion or stress, or
MIL-H-5606 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base, Aircraft,
both, if so tested.
Missiles, and Ordinance
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
MIL-H-6083 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base, for Preser-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
vation and Operation
only.
MIL-H-83283 Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, Synthetic
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Hydrocarbon Base, Aircraft
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
MIL-L-7808 Lubricating Oil,AircraftTurbine Engine, Syn-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
thetic Base, NATO Code Number 0–148
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
MIL-L-14107 Lubricating Oil, Weapons, Low Temperature
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
statements are given in Section 7.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Discontinued. See 1980 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 40.
1 6
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics Discontinued; see 1997 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Permanence Properties. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1995. Published December 1995. Originally AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
published as D 543 – 39 T. Last previous edition D 543 – 87. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 543 – 95 (2001)
MIL-L-23699 Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engines, tal discrimination of at least 0.025 mm (0.001 in.). For
Synthetic Base specimens 0.100 in. thick or less, the micrometer used shall
MIL-L-46000 Lubricant, Semi-Fluid (Automatic Weapons) have an incremental discrimination of at least 0.0025 mm
MIL-T-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Grades JP-4 and JP-5 (0.0001 in.). The micrometer must be verified using gage
MIL-T-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Type, blocks traceable to National Institute of Standards and Tech-
Grade JP-8 nology (NIST) every 30 days minimum.
2.3 U.S. Army Regulation: 5.3 Room, or enclosed space capable of being maintained at
AR 70-71 Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Contamina- the standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6
tion Survivability of Army Material 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity in accordance with
2.4 ISO Standards: Practice D 618.
ISO 175 Plastics—Determination of Resistance to Liquid 5.4 Containers—Suitable containers for submerging speci-
Chemicals mens in chemical reagents. They must be resistant to the
ISO 4599-1986(E) Plastics—Determination of Resistance corrosive effects of the reagents being used. Venting should be
to Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC)—Bent Strip provided, especially when using volatile reagents at elevated
Method temperatures. Tightly sealed containers are preferred for room
temperature testing to minimize loss.
3. Terminology
5.5 Strain Jigs—Jigs are to be capable of supplying known
amounts of strain to test specimens. Fig. 1 is a side view
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms applying to these
practices appear in Terminology D 883. drawing of a typical strain jig used to obtain 1.0 % strain in a
3.2 mm (0.125 in.) thick test specimen. Shown in Fig. 1 is an
4. Significance and Use
equation that can be used to calculate strain from known
dimensions or back-calculate jig dimensions for a desired
4.1 The limitations of the results obtained from these
specimen strain.
practices should be recognized. The choice of types and
concentrations of reagents, duration of immersion or stress, or
both, temperature of the test, and properties to be reported is
necessarily arbitrary. The specification of these conditions
provides a basis for standardization and serves as a guide to
investigators wishing to compare the relative resistance of
various plastics to typical chemical reagents.
4.2 Correlationoftestresultswiththeactualperformanceor
serviceability of plastics is necessarily dependent upon the
similarity between the testing and the end-use conditions. For
applications involving continuous immersion, the data ob-
tained in short-time tests are of interest only in eliminating the
most unsuitable materials or indicating a probable relative
order of resistance to chemical reagents.
4.3 Evaluation of plastics for special applications involving
corrosive conditions should be based upon the particular
reagentsandconcentrationstobeencountered.Theselectionof
test conditions should take into account the manner and
duration of contact with reagents, the temperature of the
system, applied stress, and other performance factors involved
in the particular application.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Balance—A balance capable of weighing accurately to
0.05 %foratestspecimenweighing100gorless,andto0.1 %
for a test specimen weighing over 100 g. Assurance that the
balance meets the performance requirements should be pro-
vided by frequent checks on adjustments of zero points and
sensitivity and by periodic calibration for absolute accuracy,
using standard masses.
5.2 Micrometers—Use a suitable micrometer for measuring
the dimensions of test specimens similar to that described in
Test Method D 374.The micrometer should have an incremen-
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. FIG. 1 Determination of Strain Level of ESCR Fixtures
D 543 – 95 (2001)
5.6 Oven or Constant Temperature Bath, capable of main- 6.3.21 Heptane,commercialgrade,boilingrangefrom90to
taining temperatures within 62°C of the specified test tem- 100°C.
peratures.
6.3.22 Hydrochloric Acid (sp gr 1.19)—Concentrated hy-
5.7 Testing Devices—Testing devices for determining spe- drochloric acid (HCl).
cific strength properties of specimens before and after submer-
6.3.23 Hydrochloric Acid (10 %)—Add 239 mL (283 g) of
sion or strain, or both, conforming to the requirements pre- HCl (sp gr 1.19) to 764 mL of water.
scribed in the ASTM test methods for the specific properties
6.3.24 Hydrofluoric Acid (40 %)—Slowly add 748 mL(866
being determined.
g) of hydrofluoric acid (52 to 55 % HF) to 293 mL of water.
5.8 Laboratory Hood, or other system adequate for vapor
6.3.25 Hydrogen Peroxide Solution, 28 % or USP 100
ventilation.
volume.
6.3.26 Hydrogen Peroxide Solution (3 % or USP 10
6. Reagents and Materials
volume)—Add 98 mL (108 g) of commercial grade (100
6.1 The following list of standard reagents is intended to be
volume or 28 %) hydrogen peroxide (H O ) to 901 mL of
2 2
representative of the main categories of pure chemical com-
water.
pounds, solutions, and common industrial products. Chemicals
6.3.27 Isooctane, 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane.
used in this practice shall be of technical grade or greater
6.3.28 Kerosine—No. 2 fuel oil, Specification D 396.
purity. All solutions shall be made with freshly prepared
6.3.29 Methyl Alcohol.
distilled water. Specific concentrations are on a weight percent
6.3.30 Mineral Oil, White, USP, sp gr 0.830 to 0.860;
or specific gravity basis. Mixing instructions are based on
Saybolt at 100°F: 125 to 135 s.
amounts of ingredients calculated to produce 1000 mL of
6.3.31 Nitric Acid (sp gr 1.42)—Concentrated nitric acid
solution of the specified concentration.
(HNO ).
6.2 Thefollowinglistofstandardreagentsisnotintendedto
6.3.32 Nitric Acid (40 %)—Add 500 mL (710 g) of
preclude the use of other reagents pertinent to particular
HNO (sp gr 1.42) to 535 mL of water.
chemical resistance requirements. It is intended to standardize
6.3.33 Nitric Acid (10 %)—Add 108 mL (153 g) of
typical reagents, solution concentrations, and industrial prod-
HNO (sp gr 1.42) to 901 mL of water.
ucts for general testing of the resistance of plastics to chemical
6.3.34 Oleic Acid, cP.
reagents. Material specifications in which chemical resistance
6.3.35 Olive Oil, edible grade.
is indicated shall be based upon reagents and conditions
6.3.36 Phenol Solution (5 %)—Dissolve 47 g of carbonic
selected from those listed herein except by mutual agreement
acid crystals, USP, in 950 mL of water.
between the seller and the purchaser.
6.3.37 Soap Solution (1 %)—Dissolve dehydrated pure
6.3 Standard Reagents:
white soap flakes (dried1hat 105°C) in water.
6.3.1 Acetic Acid (sp gr 1.05)—Glacial acetic acid.
6.3.38 Sodium Carbonate Solution (20 %)—Add 660 g of
6.3.2 Acetic Acid (5 %)—Add 48 mL (50.5 g) of glacial
sodium carbonate (Na ·CO ·10H O) to 555 mL of water.
2 3 2
acetic acid (sp gr 1.05) to 955 mL of water.
6.3.39 Sodium Carbonate Solution (2 %)—Add 55 g of
6.3.3 Acetone.
Na ·CO ·10H O to 964 mL of water.
2 3 2
6.3.4 Ammonium Hydroxide (sp gr 0.90)—Concentrated
6.3.40 Sodium Chloride Solution (10 %)—Add 107 g of
ammonium hydroxide (NH OH).
sodium chloride (NaCl) to 964 mL of water.
6.3.5 Ammonium Hydroxide (10 %)—Add 375 mL (336 g)
6.3.41 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (60 %)—Slowly dis-
of (NH OH) (sp gr 0.90) to 622 mL of water.
solve 971 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 649 mL of water.
6.3.6 Aniline.
6.3.42 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (10 %)—Dissolve 111 g
6.3.7 Benzene.
of NaOH in 988 mL of water.
6.3.8 Carbon Tetrachloride.
6.3.43 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1 %)—Dissolve 10.1 g
6.3.9 Chromic Acid (40 %)—Dissolve 549 g of chromic
of NaOH in 999 mL of water.
anhydride (C O ) in 822 mL of water.
r 2
6.3.44 Sodium Hypochlorite Solution, National Formulary,
6.3.10 Citric Acid (1 %)—Dissolve 104 g of citric acid
(4 to 6 %)—The concentration of this solution can be deter-
crystals in 935 mL of water.
mined as follows: Weigh accurately in a glass-stoppered flask
6.3.11 Cottonseed Oil, edible grade.
about 3 mLof the solution and dilute with 50 mLof water.Add
6.3.12 Detergent Solution, Heavy Duty (0.025 %)—
2 g of potassium iodide (KI) and 10 mL of acetic acid, and
Dissolve 0.05 g of alkyl aryl sulfonate and 0.20 g of trisodium
titrate the liberated iodine with 0.1 N sodium thiosulfate
phosphate in 1000 mL of water.
(Na S O ), adding starch solution as the indicator. Each
6.3.13 Diethyl Ether.
2 2 3
millilitre of 0.1 N Na S O solution is equivalent to 3.7222 mg
6.3.14 Dimethyl Formamide.
2 2 3
of sodium hypochlorite.
6.3.15 Distilled Water, freshly prepared.
6.3.45 Sulfuric Acid (sp gr 1.84)—Concentrated sulfuric
6.3.16 Ethyl Acetate.
acid (H SO ).
6.3.17 Ethyl Alcohol (95 %)—Undenatured ethyl alcohol.
2 4
6.3.46 SulfuricAcid (30 %)—Slowly add 199 mL(366 g) of
6.3.18 Ethyl Alcohol (50 %)—Add 598 mL(482 g) of 95 %
undenatured ethyl alcohol to 435 mL of water. H SO (sp gr 1.84) to 853 mL of water.
2 4
6.3.19 Ethylene Dichloride. 6.3.47 SulfuricAcid (3 %)—Slowly add 16.6 mL(30.6 g) of
6.3.20 2-Ethylhexyl Sebacate. H SO (sp gr 1.84) to 988 mL of water.
2 4
D 543 – 95 (2001)
6.3.48 Toluene. performed (see Note 2).At least three specimens shall be used
6.3.49 Transformer Oil, in accordance with the require- for each material being tested, for each reagent involved, for
ments of Specification D 1040. each length of conditioning, and for each strain level. The test
6.3.50 Turpentine—Gum spirits or steam distilled wood specimens shall be as follows:
turpentine in accordance with SpecificationD13. 9.1.1 Molding and Extrusion Materials—Specimens shall
6.4 Table 1 contains a list of military specifications for be molded to shape or cut from molded slabs as required in
various liquids intended to be representative of the main types 9.1.1.1 and 9.1.1.2. The cut edges of specimens shall be made
of liquids that may be encountered in a military service smooth by sharp cutting, machining, or by finishing with No. 0
environment. Plastics that are intended for use in such envi- or finer sandpaper or emery cloth. Molding shall conform to
ronments shall be tested for chemical resistance to the liquids conditions
...
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