ASTM D3170-03(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Chipping Resistance of Coatings
Standard Test Method for Chipping Resistance of Coatings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Owners consider chipping of coatings, particularly on the leading faces and edges of automobile surfaces, unacceptable. In formulating a coating or coating system to meet service requirements, the resistance to chipping damage by flying objects such as gravel is one of the properties of importance since it can vary considerably as other properties are adjusted. Since resistance to chipping decreases at lower temperatures partly as the result of decreased flexibility, the test may be more directly related to service conditions by performing it at a low temperature. This test method is designed to produce a controlled amount of impact by the media on the coated panel in order to enhance reproducibility.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of coatings to chipping damage by stones or other flying objects.
Note 1 - This test method is similar to SAE J-400.
1.2 The values stated in metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The English units given in parentheses are for information only. All dimensions are nominal unless otherwise specified.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3170 − 03(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Chipping Resistance of Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3170; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope a Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)
D1400 TestMethodforNondestructiveMeasurementofDry
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a
tance of coatings to chipping damage by stones or other flying
Nonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)
objects.
D1733 Method for Preparation of Aluminum Alloy Panels
NOTE 1—This test method is similar to SAE J-400.
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products
1.2 The values stated in metric units are to be regarded as (Withdrawn 1979)
D2201 Practice for Preparation of Zinc-Coated and Zinc-
the standard. The English units given in parentheses are for
information only.All dimensions are nominal unless otherwise Alloy-Coated Steel Panels for Testing Paint and Related
Coating Products
specified.
2.2 Other Documents:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Test for Chip Resistance of Surface Coatings (J-400)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1 Standardized road gravel is projected by means of a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
controlled air blast at the coated specimens. All testing is
2. Referenced Documents conducted under controlled temperature conditions, generally
either at ambient (room) temperature or at -29 6 3°C (-20 6
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5°F). After the gravel impact, tape is applied to remove any
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
loose coating chips and the degree of chipping is determined.
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
Related Coating Products
4. Significance and Use
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
4.1 Owners consider chipping of coatings, particularly on
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
the leading faces and edges of automobile surfaces, unaccept-
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
able.Informulatingacoatingorcoatingsystemtomeetservice
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
requirements, the resistance to chipping damage by flying
D1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
objects such as gravel is one of the properties of importance
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
since it can vary considerably as other properties are adjusted.
Since resistance to chipping decreases at lower temperatures
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
partly as the result of decreased flexibility, the test may be
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
more directly related to service conditions by performing it at
Subcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2007.PublishedJuly2007.Originallyapproved
a low temperature. This test method is designed to produce a
in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D3170 - 03. DOI: 10.1520/
D3170-03R07.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
the ASTM website. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3170 − 03 (2007)
FIG. 1 Gravel Projecting Machine
months for gravelometers that are operated less frequently. Note that
controlled amount of impact by the media on the coated panel
values in the checklist are specific to the standard gravel testing protocol.
in order to enhance reproducibility.
Different specifications may be necessary for other media types.
7,6
5. Apparatus 5.2 Gravel—Water-eroded alluvial road gravel passing
through a 16-mm ( ⁄8-in.) space screen but retained on a
5.1 Gravel-Projecting Machine (Gravelometer), con-
9.5-mm ( ⁄8-in.) space screen. Note that mesh screen is not a
structed according to the design specifications shown in Fig.
5,6
substitute for a space screen. It is important to remove the
1. There are two types of Gravelometers: the old cabinet
small pieces of gravel before reusing the gravel. Other media
style and the newer, modular style with an electronic feed
may be used as agreed by contractual parties.
mechanism.
8,6
5.3 Tape, 100 mm (4 in.) wide. Other tape may be used as
NOTE 2—It is recommended that the operation/maintenance checklist
agreed upon by the contractual parties.
shown in Appendix X1 should be completed at least once per month for
gravelometers that are operated on a weekly basis, and once every 6
5.4 Temperature-Conditioning Equipment (alternatives):
The sole source of a suitable apparatus meeting these specifications known to
the committee at this time is Q-Panel Co., 26200 First St., Westlake, OH 44135. The sole source of supply of gravel meeting these specifications known to the
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to committee at this time is Q-Panel Co., 26200 First St., Westlake, OH 44135.
ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider- The sole source of supply of No. 898 filament strapping tape known to the
ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. committee at this time is the 3M Co., St. Paul MN 55101.
D3170 − 03 (2007)
NOTE 1—Reprinted with permission from SAE EA-400 (c) 1985, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
FIG. 2 Representation of Chipping Ratings
5.4.1 A cold room or freezer of sufficient size in which the 5.6 Chipping Rating Standards—A photographic transpar-
9,6
gravel-projecting machine and test specimens can be main-
ency depicting size and number of chips in each category.
tained at the specified temperature of testing.
See Fig. 2 for an example of the transparencies. These
5.4.2 A freezer or cooler in which the test panels can be
standards depict various degrees of chipping severity and are
cooled 5°C (10°F) below the specified test temperature.
arranged sequentially from best to worst according to chipping
5.4.3 Ambient—Room maintained at a temperature between
frequency.
20°C (68°F) and 30°C (86°F).
5.5 Transparent Grid—A chip counting aid constructed of
transparent plastic approximately 3.176 mm thick by 12.7 cm
square ( ⁄8 by 5 by 5 in.), on which a 10.16 cm by 10.16 cm (4
The sole source of supply ofChippingRatingStandards, Part #AE-400, known
by 4 in.) grid of 2.54 cm (1 in.) squares has been etched or
to the committee at this time is the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400
scribed. Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096.
D3170 − 03 (2007)
6. Test Specimens specimen at the desired test temperature in the panel holder
with the coated side facing the front of the apparatus. Clamp to
6.1 The composition, surface preparation, and size of speci-
close the specimen holder.
mens shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the
7.4.3 Set the test timer.
seller. Test panels of 102 by 305 mm (4 by 12 in.) are
commonly used.
NOTE 8—There are two ways to operate a test on the Modular style
gravelometer.Atimed test is a test that shuts off the machine after a preset
NOTE 3—It is recommended that three replicates of each test specimen
amount of time has passed.Amanual test requires the operator to shut off
be exposed in the gravelometer. More replicates will improve the
the machine after the desired amount of time has passed.
accuracy.
7.4.3.1 Timed Test:
6.2 The number, type, method of application, and aging of
(a) Make sure that the control switch is set to stop.
coatings shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the
(b) Set the test timer to the desired test time.Atypical test
seller.
time is 10 s.
NOTE 4—Application, metal preparation, and film thickness measure- (c) Turn the main power switch on.
ment methods are given in the following ASTM Practices: D609, D823
(d) Turn the control switch to Timed Start.
and D2201, and Test Methods D1005, D1186, D1400, and D1733.
7.4.3.2 Manual Test:
(a) Make sure that the control switch is set to stop.
7. Procedure
(b) Turn the main power switch on.
7.1 Condition the specimens for a minimum of1hatthe
(c) Turn the control switch to Manual.
specified test temperature in the equipment specified in 5.4.
(d) After the desired amount of time has passed the control
Make certain the test specimens are separated and have free
switch to Off.
access to the conditioning environment so that optimum heat
NOTE 9—Manual mode requires the operator to manually stop the test.
transfer occurs.
Once started, the test will not stop by itself.
7.2 Adjust the air pressure on the gravel apparatus to 480 6
7.4.4 When the test has been completed, remove the test
20 kPa (70 6 3 psi) with the air valve open.
panel from the specimen holder by pulling back on the
Specimen Mounting Clamp and removing the test specimen.
NOTE 5—For cabinet type gravelometers, keep the lid to the gravel
chamber closed during this operation as a safety precaution. Other air 7.4.5 Remove the gravel from the return receptacle and
pressures can be used as agreed upon by the contractual parties.
screen before reuse.
7.3 Cabinet Style Gravelometer:
7.5 Allow the test specimens to return to room temperature
7.3.1 After adjusting the air pressure, shut off the air valve,
and dry with a soft cloth to remove any condensation.
open the lid to the gravel chamber and collect 550 mL(1 pt) of
7.6 Use the tape referenced in 5.3 to remove all loose or
graded gravel (approx 250 to 3000 stones) in a suitable
damaged paint.
container. Collect the gravel by scraping across the screen to
7.6.1 Cover the test area of the specimen with a strip(s) of
allow fin
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