ASTM E1914-98(2003)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Use of Terms Relating to the Development and Evaluation of Methods for Chemical Analysis
Standard Practice for Use of Terms Relating to the Development and Evaluation of Methods for Chemical Analysis
SCOPE
1.1 This document covers terms and concepts used in developing and evaluating the performance of methods for determining chemical composition. Although useful with many types of methods, they are dealt with in this document in the context of chemical analysis of metals and related materials.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:E1914–98 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Practice for
Use of Terms Relating to the Development and Evaluation
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of Methods for Chemical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1914; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
ASTM methods for determining the chemical composition of materials usually are developed in
four stages: (1) experimental development of procedures and techniques, (2) translation of research
into text suitable for analysts (in ASTM format), (3) demonstration of performance in an interlabo-
ratory study (ILS), and (4) acceptance as a method published for use in laboratories. Details of the
development processes may be complex, but the common concepts and terms needed to discuss them
are relatively simple. The concepts must be carefully defined and terms selected to represent them
unambiguously in the intended contexts.
Alist of terms and definitions does not guarantee clear communication. Many terms have different
common and technical meanings while representing different concepts when used in various contexts.
The use of important terms and concepts in the context of methods of chemical analysis is illustrated
by descriptions and by examples to help task group and subcommittee members communicate clearly.
1. Scope 3.1.1 accuracy, n—of methods of chemical analysis,a
characteristic manifested by agreement between average re-
1.1 This document covers terms and concepts used in
sults and true analyte contents.
developing and evaluating the performance of methods for
3.1.2 analyte, n—in methods of chemical analysis, the
determiningchemicalcomposition.Althoughusefulwithmany
component determined by a method.
types of methods, they are dealt with in this document in the
3.1.3 matrix, n—in methods of chemical analysis, all com-
context of chemical analysis of metals and related materials.
ponents in a material except the analyte.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.4 method, n—instructions used to produce a numerical
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result which are detailed in a document also referred to as “the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
method.”
E 135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
3.1.5 precision, n—of methods of chemical analysis,a
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
characteristic manifested by agreement among individual re-
E 1601 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
sults at a given analyte content.
Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method
3.1.6 result, n—value representing the quantity of analyte
E 1763 Guide for Interpretation and Use of Results from
that is obtained by applying a method one time to a test
Interlaboratory Testing of Chemical Analysis Methods
material.
3. Terminology
3.1.7 sample, n—in methods of chemical analysis, a portion
of a material selected and processed to render its composition
3.1 Definitions Relating to Analytical Methods:
representative of the composition of the whole. (Contrast
specimen.)
3.1.8 specimen, n—in methods of chemical analysis, a piece
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical
of material selected to be typical of the whole under the
Chemistry for Metals, Ores and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
assumption that the whole is composed of pieces of similar
Subcommittee E01.22 on Statistics and Quality Control.
composition. (Contrast sample.)
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published November 2003. Originally
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 1914 – 97.
3.2 Definitions Referring to Statistics:
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.1 b-value, n—in statistics, the difference between the
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
meanofasetofresultsonamaterialanditsacceptedreference
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. value. (Compare error.)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E1914–98 (2003)
3.2.2 between-laboratory standard deviation, s , n—the measurementsystem(instrument)yieldsanumericalresultthat
R
standard deviation of results obtained on the same material in represents the quantity of analyte. A good analytical method
different laboratories (Synonym: reproducibility)
...
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