ASTM E2478-06a

Standard Practice for Determining Damage-Based Design Stress for Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Materials Using Acoustic Emission

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The damage-based design approach will permit an additional method of design for FRP materials. This is a very useful technique to determine the performance of different types of resins and composition of FRP materials in order to develop a damage tolerant and reliable design. This AE-based method is not unique, other damage-sensitive evaluation methods can also be used.
This practice involves the use of acoustic emission instrumentation and examination techniques as a means of damage detection to support a destructive test, in order to derive the damage-based design stress.
This practice is not intended as a predictor of long-term performance of FRP materials (such as those used in vessels). For this reason, many codes and standards require cyclic proof testing of prototypes (for example, vessels) which are not a part of this practice.
Other design methods exist and are still permitted.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice details procedures for establishing the direct stress and shear stress damage-based design values for use in the damage-based design criterion for materials to be used in FRP vessels and other composite structures. The practice uses data derived from acoustic emission examination of four-point beam bending tests and in-plane shear tests (see ASME Section X, Article RT-8).
1.2 The onset of lamina damage is indicated by the presence of significant acoustic emission during the reload portion of load/reload cycles. "Significant emission" is defined with historic index.
1.3 Units - The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2006
• ICS: 59.100.10 - Textile glass materials
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.04 - Acoustic Emission Method

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E2478-06 - Standard Practice for Determining Damage-Based Design Criteria for Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics (FRP) Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2006
• Replaced By: ASTM E2478-11 - Standard Practice for Determining Damage-Based Design Stress for Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) Materials Using Acoustic Emission
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E2478–06a
Standard Practice for
Determining Damage-Based Design Stress for Fiberglass
Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Materials Using Acoustic
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Emission
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2478; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestruc-
tive Testing
1.1 This practice details procedures for establishing the
E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility ofAcous-
direct stress and shear stress damage-based design values for
tic Emission Sensor Response
use in the damage-based design criterion for materials to be
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
used in FRP vessels and other composite structures. The
E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance
practice uses data derived from acoustic emission examination
Verification
of four-point beam bending tests and in-plane shear tests (see
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2.2 ASME Documents:
ASME Section X, Article RT-8).
ASME Section X, Article RT-8 Test Method for Determin-
1.2 Theonsetoflaminadamageisindicatedbythepresence
ing Damage-Based Design Criterion
of significant acoustic emission during the reload portion of
ASME Section V, Article 11 Acoustic Emission Examina-
load/reload cycles. “Significant emission” is defined with
tion of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Vessels
historic index.
2.3 Other Standards:
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Qualification and Certification of
regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are math-
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Nondestructive Testing Personnel
ematical conversions to SI units which are provided for
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
information only and are not considered standard.
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cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
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Test Personnel
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions of terms related to conventional acoustic
2. Referenced Documents emission are in Terminology E1316, Section B.
2 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.1 historic index—a measure of the change in MARSE
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
(or other AE feature parameter such as AE Signal Strength or
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
AE Energy) throughout an examination.
D4255/D4255M Test Method for In-Plane Shear Properties
3.2.2 measured area of the rectified signal envelope
of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials by the Rail Shear
(MARSE)—a measure of the area under the envelope of the
Method
rectified linear voltage time signal from the sensor. (seeASME
D3846 Test Method for In-Plane Shear Strength of Rein-
Section V, Article 11)
forced Plastics
3.2.3 significant emission—a level of emission that corre-
sponds to the first time during reloading that the historic index
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
attains a value of 1.4.
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on
Acoustic Emission Method.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published January 2007. Originally
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approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E2478 - 06. DOI: Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
10.1520/E2478-06A. International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518.
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1250
the ASTM website. Eye St., NW, Washington, DC 20005.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E2478–06a
3.2.4 knee in the curve—a dramatic change in the slope of 6.1.5 Extent of Examination—The extent of examination
the cumulative AE versus time curve. shall be in accordance with Sections 9 and 10 unless otherwise
specified.
4. Summary of Practice
6.1.6 Reporting Criteria—Reporting criteria fo
...