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ASTM D1499-05

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plastics

Standard Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure. (Warning—Variation in results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice. Therefore, no reference to the use of this practice shall be made unless accompanied by a report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G 151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained in accordance with this practice.)
Note 2—Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data analysis of laboratory-accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G 141.
Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has been shown to be good when the stability of materials is evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other materials or to a control.4 ,5 Therefore, exposure of a similar material of known performance (a control) at the same time as the test materials is strongly recommended. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material be exposed to allow for statistical evaluation of results.
Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to operate the equipment in accordance with Practice G 152. Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salt or other deposits from water, temperature and humidity control, and conditions of the electrodes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions that are applicable for exposure of plastics in filtered open-flame carbon-arc devices conducted in accordance with Practices G 151 and G 152. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test condition suited for plastics, and the evaluation of test results.
1.2 This practice does not cover enclosed carbon-arc exposures of plastics, which had been allowed in Practice D 1499. Enclosed carbon-arc exposures of plastics are described in Practice D 6360, and in G 153, which gives requirements for exposing nonmetallic materials in enclosed carbon-arc devices.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—This practice is technically equivalent to ISO 4892-4.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2005
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.50 - Durability of Plastics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1499-99 - Standard Practice Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Type Exposures of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5870-22 - Standard Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM G178-16(2023) - Standard Practice for Determining the Activation Spectrum of a Material (Wavelength Sensitivity to an Exposure Source) Using the Sharp Cut-On Filter or Spectrographic Technique
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM F2453/F2453M-14(2019) - Standard Specification for Welded Wire Mesh Fence Fabric (Metallic-Coated or Polymer Coated) for Meshes of 6 in.<sup>2</sup>&#x2009; [3871 mm<sup>2</sup>] or Less, in Panels or Rolls, with Uniform Meshes
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6360-15(2021) - Standard Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM F3000/F3000M-13(2022) - Standard Specification for Polymer Privacy Insert Slats for Chain Link Fabric and Privacy Chain Link Fabric Manufactured Containing Pre-Installed Privacy Slats
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM F1665-08(2022) - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) and Other Conforming Organic Polymer-Coated Steel Barbed Wire Used With Chain-Link Fence
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM F668-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyolefin and Other Polymer-Coated Steel Chain Link Fence Fabric
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4976-12a(2020) - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM F790-23 - Standard Guide for Testing Materials for Aerospace Plastic Transparent Enclosures
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM F1664-08(2022) - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) and Other Conforming Organic Polymer-Coated Steel Tension Wire Used with Chain-Link Fence
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM F2919/F2919M-12(2018) - Standard Specification for Welded Wire Mesh Fence Fabric (Metallic-Coated or Polymer Coated) with Variable Mesh Patterns or Meshes Greater than 6 in.<sup>2</sup > [3871 mm<sup>2</sup>] in Panels
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM F1043-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Strength and Protective Coatings on Steel Industrial Fence Framework
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4313-22 - Standard Specification for General-Purpose, Heavy-Duty, and Extra-Heavy-Duty Crosslinked Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE) Jackets For Wire and Cable
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005

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ASTM D1499-05 - Standard Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of PlasticsASTM D1499-05 - Standard Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plastics
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ASTM D1499-05 - Standard Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plastics
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1499 − 05
StandardPractice for
1
Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1499; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing
of Nonmetallic Materials
1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test condi-
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-
tions that are applicable for exposure of plastics in filtered
lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
open-flame carbon-arc devices conducted in accordance with
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials inAccel-
Practices G151 and G152. This practice also covers the
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
preparation of test specimens, the test condition suited for
G152 Practice for Operating Open Flame Carbon Arc Light
plastics, and the evaluation of test results.
Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
1.2 This practice does not cover enclosed carbon-arc expo-
G153 Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc Light
sures of plastics, which had been allowed in Practice D1499.
Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
Enclosed carbon-arc exposures of plastics are described in
G169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods to
Practice D6360, and in G153, which gives requirements for
Weathering Tests
exposingnonmetallicmaterialsinenclosedcarbon-arcdevices.
4
2.2 ISO Standard:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ISO 4892-4 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Light Sources—Part 4, Open-Flame Carbon Arc Lamp
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 The definitions in Terminology G113 are applicable to
NOTE 1—This practice is technically equivalent to ISO 4892-4.
this practice.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of
D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and
its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by
3
Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998)
exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for
D5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of
many applications.This practice is intended to induce property
Plastics
changes associated with end-use conditions, including the
D6360 Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plas-
effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in
tics
thispracticeisnotintendedtosimulatethedeteriorationcaused
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
by localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificial Weath-
(Warning—Variation in results may be expected when oper-
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
ating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this
practice.Therefore,noreferencetotheuseofthispracticeshall
1 be made unless accompanied by a report prepared in accor-
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics. dance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally approved
conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed informa-
in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D1499 - 99. DOI: 10.1520/
tion on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained in
D1499-05.
2
accordance with this practice.)
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
www.astm.org. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1499 − 05
NOTE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for the measuring of the minimum concentration of oxygen in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen that will just support flaming combustion of plastics. Correlation with burning characteristics under actual use conditions is not implied.  
5.2 In this test method, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedure for measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as percent volume, that will just support flaming combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.  
1.2 This test method provides three testing procedures. Procedure A involves top surface ignition, Procedure B involves propagating ignition, and Procedure C is a short procedure involving the comparison with a specified minimum value of the oxygen index.  
1.3 Test specimens used for this test method are prepared into one of six types of specimens (see Table 1).    
1.4 This test method provides for testing materials that are structurally self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheet up to 10.5-mm thick. Such materials are solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density greater than 15 kg/m3.  
1.5 This test method also provides for testing flexible sheet or film materials, while supported vertically.  
1.6 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15 kg/m3.
Note 1: Although this test method has been found applicable for testing some other materials, the precision of the test method has not been determined for these materials, or for specimen geometries and test conditions outside those recommended herein.  
1.7 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section 10.  
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 2: This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent when using the gas measurement and control device described in 6.3.1, with direct oxygen concentration measurement.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D695-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.  
4.2 Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.  
4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2: This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1929-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-2022 (Option 1) are similar in all technical details.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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