ASTM D2359-19
(Specification)Standard Specification for Refined Benzene-535
Standard Specification for Refined Benzene-535
ABSTRACT
This specification covers a grade of benzene known as refined benzene-535. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of refined benzene-535: minimum purity, maximum toluene content, maximum sulfur content, maximum thiophene content, maximum nonaromatic hydrocarbon content, maximum nitrogen content, water content, maximum acid wash color, appearance, maximum color, 1,4 dioxane content, and minimum solidification point with anhydrous basis.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as refined benzene-535.
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Oct-2019
- Technical Committee
- D16 - Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals
- Drafting Committee
- D16.01 - Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and Their Derivatives
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2023
- Effective Date
- 15-Aug-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2015
Overview
ASTM D2359-19: Standard Specification for Refined Benzene-535 specifies the requirements and analytical methods for a high-purity grade of benzene known as refined benzene-535. This internationally recognized ASTM standard outlines detailed criteria for purity and the allowable amounts of various impurities in order to ensure product consistency and applicability in industrial and specialty chemical sectors. The standard adopts SI units and applies rigorous rounding-off protocols per Practice E29 for accuracy and compliance.
Key Topics
Purity and Composition Requirements
- Minimum benzene purity (99.80%)
- Maximum allowable toluene, thiophene, sulfur, nitrogen, nonaromatic hydrocarbons, and chlorides
- Water content and 1,4-dioxane content limitations
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Acid wash color test
- Solidification point specification (anhydrous basis)
- Color limits (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)
- Appearance: clear, free of haze or particulate matter
Testing and Measurement
- References validated ASTM methods for property determination (e.g., D7360, D848, D852, D5386, D6875)
- Sampling protocols (ASTM D3437)
- Rounding-off practices to ensure consistent test reporting
Supplementary Requirements
- Optional requirements for sulfur, nitrogen, water, dioxane, and chloride when agreed upon by supplier and purchaser
Occupational Safety
- Adherence to OSHA regulations and Safety Data Sheets
Applications
ASTM D2359-19 is vital for industries requiring highly purified benzene, including:
- Chemical Manufacturing: Used as a feedstock in the production of ethylbenzene, cumene, cyclohexane, and other key aromatic derivatives.
- Pharmaceuticals: Refined benzene-535 provides a reliable material for synthesis in pharmaceutical research and production.
- Analytical Laboratories: Certified purity and controlled impurity levels make it suitable for reference standards and sensitive analytical applications.
- Specialty and Industrial Chemicals: Ensures consistent product quality for specialty formulations and intermediates.
Utilizing refined benzene-535 to ASTM D2359-19 enables compliance with demanding process and product specifications, supports regulatory acceptance, and reduces risks associated with material inconsistencies.
Related Standards
Adherence to ASTM D2359-19 may require familiarity with related standards, including:
- ASTM D848: Test Method for Acid Wash Color of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- ASTM D852: Test Method for Solidification Point of Benzene
- ASTM D3437: Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic Products
- ASTM D7360 & D7504: Test Methods for Analysis of Benzene by Gas Chromatography
- ASTM E29: Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
- ASTM E1064: Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
- Other Methods: Including those for determining sulfur (D7183), nitrogen (D7184), chloride (D5808, D7457), and color (D8005)
Practical Value
Implementing ASTM D2359-19 facilitates:
- Reliable sourcing and procurement of refined benzene-535 from multiple suppliers
- Consistency in product quality across batches and locations
- Streamlined regulatory compliance, especially for export and international trade
- Enhanced safety through stringent impurity and documentation requirements
Adopting this standard ensures that manufacturers and users in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and analytical sectors have confidence in the quality and purity of refined benzene-535, supporting efficient, safe, and compliant operations.
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ASTM D2359-19 - Standard Specification for Refined Benzene-535
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D2359-19 is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for Refined Benzene-535". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification covers a grade of benzene known as refined benzene-535. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of refined benzene-535: minimum purity, maximum toluene content, maximum sulfur content, maximum thiophene content, maximum nonaromatic hydrocarbon content, maximum nitrogen content, water content, maximum acid wash color, appearance, maximum color, 1,4 dioxane content, and minimum solidification point with anhydrous basis. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as refined benzene-535. 1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ABSTRACT This specification covers a grade of benzene known as refined benzene-535. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of refined benzene-535: minimum purity, maximum toluene content, maximum sulfur content, maximum thiophene content, maximum nonaromatic hydrocarbon content, maximum nitrogen content, water content, maximum acid wash color, appearance, maximum color, 1,4 dioxane content, and minimum solidification point with anhydrous basis. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as refined benzene-535. 1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D2359-19 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 87.060.30 - Solvents. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D2359-19 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D2359-18a, ASTM D5194-24, ASTM E1064-24, ASTM E2680-23, ASTM D5808-23, ASTM D7536-20, ASTM D7184-20, ASTM D7184-15(2019)e1, ASTM D7011-15(2019), ASTM D7183-18a, ASTM D7504-17a, ASTM D7504-17, ASTM D7504-15e1, ASTM D7504-15, ASTM D8005-15. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D2359-19 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2359 −19
Standard Specification for
Refined Benzene-535
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5194 Test Method for Trace Chloride in Liquid Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as
D5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus
refined benzene-535.
Colorimetry
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this
D5808 Test Method for Determining Chloride in Aromatic
standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this
Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Microcoulom-
standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be
etry
rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit
D6875 Test Method for Solidification Point of Industrial
used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with
Organic Chemicals by Thermistor
the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
D7011 Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Selective Detection
standard.
D7183 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Ultra-
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety
Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this violet Fluorescence
specification. D7184 Test Method for Ultra Low Nitrogen in Aromatic
Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Combustion and Reduced
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Pressure Chemiluminescence Detection
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D7359 Test Method for Total Fluorine, Chlorine and Sulfur
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Oxida-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tive Pyrohydrolytic Combustion followed by Ion Chroma-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tography Detection (Combustion Ion Chromatography-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
CIC)
2. Referenced Documents
D7360 Test Method for Analysis of Benzene by Gas Chro-
matography with External Calibration
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D7457 Test Method for Determining Chloride in Aromatic
D848 Test Method for Acid Wash Color of Industrial Aro-
Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Microcoulom-
matic Hydrocarbons
etry
D852 Test Method for Solidification Point of Benzene
D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic D7504 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography and
Products
D4735 Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene Effective Carbon Number
in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography D7536 Test Method for Chlorine in Aromatics by Mono-
chromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
Spectrometry
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on
D8005 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsi-
bility of Subcommittee D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and
Cobalt Scale)
Their Derivatives.
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Te
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2359 − 18a D2359 − 19
Standard Specification for
Refined Benzene-535
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as refined benzene-535.
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard,
an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing
the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this
specification.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D848 Test Method for Acid Wash Color of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons
D852 Test Method for Solidification Point of Benzene
D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic Products
D4492 Test Method for Analysis of Benzene by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2018)
D4735 Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography
D5194 Test Method for Trace Chloride in Liquid Aromatic Hydrocarbons
D5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus Colorimetry
D5808 Test Method for Determining Chloride in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Microcoulometry
D6875 Test Method for Solidification Point of Industrial Organic Chemicals by Thermistor
D7011 Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur Selective
Detection
D7183 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Ultraviolet
Fluorescence
D7184 Test Method for Ultra Low Nitrogen in Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Combustion and Reduced Pressure
Chemiluminescence Detection
D7359 Test Method for Total Fluorine, Chlorine and Sulfur in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Oxidative
Pyrohydrolytic Combustion followed by Ion Chromatography Detection (Combustion Ion Chromatography-CIC)
D7360 Test Method for Analysis of Benzene by Gas Chromatography with External Calibration
D7457 Test Method for Determining Chloride in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Microcoulometry
D7504 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography and Effective Carbon
Number
D7536 Test Method for Chlorine in Aromatics by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D8005 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and Their Derivatives.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2018November 2019. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as
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