ASTM D4948-89(2016)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of the Upper Layer Separated from a Viscous Liquid
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Upper Layer Separated from a Viscous Liquid
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods in their recommended regulations place materials having a flash point below 23°C (73.5°F) in Packing Group II. However, if viscous substances such as paint and related coatings, adhesives, polishes, etc., meet certain requirements, they can be placed in Group III along with materials having a flash point between 23 and 60.5°C (73.5 and 140°F). One of the requirements is that less than 3 % of clear liquid separates from the bulk of the material when subjected to this test method.
4.2 At the present time most international regulatory bodies such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) use the U.N. Recommendations. It is anticipated that most national transportation regulatory bodies will adopt the U.N. Recommendations as their regulations for control of transportation of hazardous materials. At present the United States permits the transshipment of hazardous materials through the United States to other countries under regulations of the IMO and ICAO.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of liquid separated as an upper layer in a 24-h period from viscous solutions or dispersions that contain dispersed solids such as paints, enamels, pigmented lacquers, adhesives, polishes, and other similar materials.
Note 1: The amount of clear liquid that separates during this test is one of the criteria in the United Nations Recommendations on the Transportation of Dangerous Goods2 for the placement of flammable viscous liquids into packing groups related to flash points (See 4.1).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4948 − 89 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Upper Layer Separated from a Viscous
1
Liquid
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4948; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
4.1 The United Nations Committee of Experts on the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount
Transport of Dangerous Goods in their recommended regula-
of liquid separated as an upper layer in a 24-h period from
tions place materials having a flash point below 23°C (73.5°F)
viscous solutions or dispersions that contain dispersed solids
in Packing Group II. However, if viscous substances such as
such as paints, enamels, pigmented lacquers, adhesives,
paint and related coatings, adhesives, polishes, etc., meet
polishes, and other similar materials.
certain requirements, they can be placed in Group III along
NOTE 1—The amount of clear liquid that separates during this test is
with materials having a flash point between 23 and 60.5°C
one of the criteria in the United Nations Recommendations on the
2
(73.5 and 140°F). One of the requirements is that less than 3 %
Transportation of Dangerous Goods for the placement of flammable
of clear liquid separates from the bulk of the material when
viscous liquids into packing groups related to flash points (See 4.1).
subjected to this test method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information 4.2 At the present time most international regulatory bodies
only. such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) use the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
U.N. Recommendations. It is anticipated that most national
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
transportation regulatory bodies will adopt the U.N. Recom-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mendations as their regulations for control of transportation of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
hazardous materials. At present the United States permits the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
transshipmentofhazardousmaterialsthroughtheUnitedStates
to other countries under regulations of the IMO and ICAO.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Apparatus
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
5.1 Graduated Cylinder, 100-mL, TC, glass-stoppered,
Pigmented Coatings
295-mm total height and 29-mm inside diameter.
5.2 Constant Temperature Cabinet or Room, at 23 6 2°C
3. Summary of Test Method
(73.5 6 3.5°F).
3.1 Ameasuredamountofthematerialtobetestedisplaced
in a graduated cylinder and allowed to stand undisturbed for 24
6. Sampling
h. The volume percent of the separated top layer is then
6.1 Obtain a uniform quart sample of the material using
determined.
standard methods for sampling in accordance with Practice
D3925.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
7. Conditioning
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the dire
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4948 − 89 (Reapproved 2012) D4948 − 89 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Upper Layer Separated from a Viscous
1
Liquid
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4948; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of liquid separated as an upper layer in a 24-h period from viscous
solutions or dispersions that contain dispersed solids such as paints, enamels, pigmented lacquers, adhesives, polishes, and other
similar materials.
NOTE 1—The amount of clear liquid that separates during this test is one of the criteria in the United Nations Recommendations on the Transportation
2
of Dangerous Goods for the placement of flammable viscous liquids into packing groups related to flash points (See 4.1).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A measured amount of the material to be tested is placed in a graduated cylinder and allowed to stand undisturbed for 24
h. The volume percent of the separated top layer is then determined.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods in their recommended regulations place
materials having a flash point below 23°C (73.5°F) in Packing Group II. However, if viscous substances such as paint and related
coatings, adhesives, polishes, etc., meet certain requirements, they can be placed in Group III along with materials having a flash
point between 23 and 60.5°C (73.5 and 140°F). One of the requirements is that less than 3 % of clear liquid separates from the
bulk of the material when subjected to this test method.
4.2 At the present time most international regulatory bodies such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and
the International Maritime Organization (IMO) use the U.N. Recommendations. It is anticipated that most national transportation
regulatory bodies will adopt the U.N. Recommendations as their regulations for control of transportation of hazardous materials.
At present the United States permits the transshipment of hazardous materials through the United States to other countries under
regulations of the IMO and ICAO.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Graduated Cylinder, 100-mL, TC, glass-stoppered, 295-mm total height and 29-mm inside diameter.
5.2 Constant Temperature Cabinet or Room, at 23 6 2°C (73.5 6 3.5°F).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2016. Published July 2012December 2016. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 as
D4948 - 89 (2006)D4948 – 89 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/D4948-89R12.10.1520/D4948-89R16.
2
Transport of Dangerous Goods: Recommendations of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, United Nations; 33rdrd ed., New York, 1984.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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1
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D4948 − 89 (2016)
6. Sampling
6.1 Obtain a uniform quart sample of the material using standard methods for sampling in accordance with Practice D3925.
7. Conditioning
7.1 Store the sample or a representative portion at a constant temperature of 23 6 2°C (73.5 6 3.5°F) until the sample reaches
a uniform temperature of 23°C (73.5°F).
8. Procedure
...
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