ASTM E473-18

Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for which ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.  
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermal as a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.  
1.3 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion area. It is reviewed every five years.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2018
• ICS: 01.040.17 - Metrology and measurement. Physical phenomena (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 17.200.10 - Heat. Calorimetry
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.03 - Nomenclature and Definitions

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E473 − 18
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to
different samples at the same time.
1.1 Thisterminologyisacompilationofdefinitionsofterms
used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
controlled-rate thermal analysis (CRTA), n—a family of
rheology.Thisterminologyincludesonlythosetermsforwhich
techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile
ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It
needed to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a
is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to
property of a substance.
thermal analysis and rheology.
DISCUSSION—Compared to controlled-temperature experiments,
where the reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word
become limited by heat or mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more
form for terms using thermo as a prefix, such as thermoana-
likely to involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This
lytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for
technique can also improve the resolution of multiple reactions. For
some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal
example, in controlled rate experiments, power to the furnace is
analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it
controlled to ensure a fixed rate of mass loss (or gain).
recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word
controlled-temperature program, n—the temperature history
form using thermal as a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or
experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal
thermalmagnetometry.
analysis experiment.
1.3 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-
DISCUSSION—In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the
mation included in a Discussion area. It is reviewed every five
furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for
years.
controlled-temperature experiments. The program may include heating
or cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate,
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
isothermal segments in which time becomes the explicit independent
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmo-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sphere (or vacuum) around the sample is changed by some external
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
action (depending on the independent variable only—temperature or
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
time) during the course of the experiment, that too becomes part of the
controlled-temperature program.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against
2. Referenced Documents
an independent parameter such as temperature or time.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
derivative, adj—pertaining to the first derivative (mathemati-
cal) of any curve with respect to temperature or time.
3. Terminology
dielectric analysis (DEA), n—a technique in which the dielec-
adiabatic, adj—no heat exchange with the surroundings.
tric constant (permittivity or capacitance) and dielectric loss
calorimeter, n—apparatus for measuring quantities of ab-
(conductance) of a substance under oscillating electric field
sorbed or evolved heat.
are measured as a function of temperature or time while the
substance is subjected to a controlled-temperature program
1 in a specified atmosphere.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on
ThermalMeasurementsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE37.03on
differential, adj—pertaining to a difference in measured or
Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published January 2018. Originally
measurable quantities usually between a substance and some
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E473 – 16. DOI:
reference or standard material.
10.1520/E0473-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), n—a technique in
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
which the heat flow difference into a substance and a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary pag
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E473 − 16 E473 − 18
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for which ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is
not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical
or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This
terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermal as a
prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.
1.3 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion area. It is reviewed every five years.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
3. Terminology
adiabatic, adj—no heat exchange with the surroundings.
calorimeter, n—apparatus for measuring quantities of absorbed or evolved heat.
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to different samples at the same time.
controlled-rate thermal analysis (CRTA), n—a family of techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile needed to
maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a property of a substance.
DISCUSSION—
Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, where the reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can become limited by heat or
mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more likely to involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This technique can also improve the resolution
of multiple reactions. For example, in controlled rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of mass loss (or gain).
controlled-temperature program, n—the temperature history experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal analysis
experiment.
DISCUSSION—
In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for controlled-temperature
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on
Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved May 1, 2016Dec. 1, 2018. Published May 2016January 2018. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 20142016 as
E473 – 14.E473 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/E0473-16.10.1520/E0473-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E473 − 18
experiments. The program may include heating or cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate, isothermal segments in which
time becomes the explicit independent variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmosphere (or vacuum) around the sample is
changed by some external action (depending on the independent variable only—temperature or time) during the course of the experiment, that too
becomes part of the controlled-temperature program.
curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against an independent parameter such as temperature or time.
derivative, adj—pertaining to the first derivative (mathematical) of any curve with respect to temperature or time.
dielectric analysis (DEA), n—a tec
...