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ASTM E1488-02e1

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods

Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
All ASTM test methods are required to include statements on precision and bias.4  
Since ASTM began to require all test methods to have precision and bias statements that are based on interlaboratory test methods, there has been increased concern regarding what statistical experiments and procedures to use during the development of the test methods. Although there exists a wide range of statistical procedures, there is a small group of generally accepted techniques that are very beneficial to follow. This document is designed to provide a brief overview of these procedures and to suggest an appropriate sequence of carrying out these procedures.
Statistical procedures often result in interpretations that are not absolutes. Sometimes the information obtained may be inadequate or incomplete, which may lead to additional questions and the need for further experimentation. Information outside the data is also important in establishing standards and in the interpretation of numerical results.
FIG. 1 Sequence of Steps
SCOPE
1.1 this guide identifies statistical procedures for use in developing new test methods or revising or evaluating existing test methods, or both.  
1.2 This guide also cites statistical procedures especially useful in the development and application of test methods.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2002
ICS
07.020 - Mathematics
19.020 - Test conditions and procedures in general
Technical Committee
E11 - Quality and Statistics
Drafting Committee
E11.20 - Test Method Evaluation and Quality Control
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1488-02 - Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying ASTM Test Methods
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Replaced By
ASTM E1488-08 - Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods
Effective Date
15-May-2008
Referred By
ASTM E177-20 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM E2657-21 - Standard Practice for Determination of Endotoxin Concentrations in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM E1326-20 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Non-culture Microbiological Tests
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8272-19 - Standard Guide for Development and Optimization of D19 Chemical Analysis Methods Intended for EPA Compliance Reporting
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM F3207-17 - Standard Guide for <emph type="bdit">in vivo</emph> Evaluation of Rabbit Lumbar Intertransverse Process Spinal Fusion Model
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8314-20 - Standard Guide for Performance Testing of Applied Stretch Films and Stretch Wrapping
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM E1325-21 - Standard Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM C1592/C1592M-21 - Standard Guide for Making Quality Nondestructive Assay Measurements
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM E456-13a(2022) - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM F2394-07(2022) - Standard Guide for Measuring Securement of Balloon-Expandable Vascular Stent Mounted on Delivery System
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8288-19 - Standard Test Method for Comparison of Metalworking Fluids Using a Tapping Torque Test Machine
Effective Date
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Referred By
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Effective Date
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Referred By
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Effective Date
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ASTM E1488-02e1 - Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test MethodsASTM E1488-02e1 - Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods
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ASTM E1488-02e1 - Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
e1
Designation:E1488–02
Standard Guide for
Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying
1
Test Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1488; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—The introduction was deleted editorially in March 2003.
1. Scope ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of
3
Testing and Calibration Laboratories
1.1 This guide identifies statistical procedures for use in
ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measure-
developing new test methods or revising or evaluating existing
3
ment
test methods, or both.
1.2 This guide also cites statistical procedures especially
3. Terminology
useful in the application of test methods.
3.1 Definitions:
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.1 statistical procedures, n—the organized techniques
and methods used to collect, analyze, and interpret data.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Statistical procedures include the sam-
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
2
plingconsiderationsortheexperimentdesignforthecollection
Determine Conformance with Specifications
2
of data, or both, and the numerical and graphical approaches to
E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
summarize and analyze the collected data.
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a
2
3.2 For all other formal definitions of statistical terms, see
Measure of Quality for a Lot or Process
Terminology E 456.
E 141 Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the
2
Results of Probability Sampling
4. Significance and Use
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
2 4.1 All ASTM test methods are required to include state-
ASTM Test Methods
4
2 ments on precision and bias.
E 178 Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations
2 4.2 Since ASTM began to require all test methods to have
E 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
precision and bias statements that are based on interlaboratory
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
2 test methods, there has been increased concern regarding what
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2 statistical experiments and procedures to use during the devel-
E 1169 Guide for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
opment of the test methods.Although there exists a wide range
E 1301 Guide for Proficiency Testing by Interlaboratory
2 of statistical procedures, there is a small group of generally
Comparisons
2 accepted techniques that are very beneficial to follow. This
E 1325 Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments
2 document is designed to provide a brief overview of these
E 1402 Terminology Relating to Sampling
procedures and to suggest an appropriate sequence of carrying
2.2 ISO Standards:
out these procedures.
ISO 5725 Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measure-
3
4.3 Statistical procedures often result in interpretations that
ment Methods and Results
are not absolutes. Sometimes the information obtained may be
inadequate or incomplete, which may lead to additional ques-
tions and the need for further experimentation. Information
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E11 on Quality and
outside the data is also important in establishing standards and
Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.20 on Test Method
in the interpretation of numerical results.
Evaluation and Quality Control.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published December 2002. Originally
published as E 1488 – 92. Last previous edition E 1488 – 96.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. See the Form and Style Manual for ASTM Standards that specifies, when
3
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th possible, precision statements shall be estimated based on the results of an
Floor, New York, NY 10036. interlaboratory test program.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
E1488–02
FIG. 1 Sequence of Steps
5. Summary of Guide variability. The completion of this phase should result in
preliminary estimates of precision and the identification and
5.1 Outlined below is a suggested sequence of four phases
suggested ways to estimate potential contributors to uncer-
useful in the development of a test method. A flowchart is
tainty.
provided in Fig. 1. Such a sequence of analyses may need to be
5.4.2 Evaluation of Short Term Control of Test Method—A
modified in specific situations. The assistance of a qualified
test
...

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This guide identifies statistical procedures for use in developing new test methods or revising or evaluating existing test methods, or both. It also cites statistical procedures especially useful in the application of test methods. This standard recommends what approaches may be taken and indicates which standards may be used to perform such assessments.
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FIG. 1 Sequence of Steps  
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4.1 The creation of a standardized test method generally follows a series of steps from inception to approval and ongoing use. In all such stages there are questions of how well the test method performs.  
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