ASTM D2842-19

Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Rigid Cellular Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this test method is to provide a means for comparing relative water absorption tendencies between different cellular plastics. It is intended for use in specifications, product evaluation, and quality control. It is applicable to specific end-use design requirements only to the extent that the end-use conditions are similar to the immersion period (normally 96 h) and 5.1-cm (2-in.) head requirements of the test method.
Note 2: Studies by ASTM Subcommittee D20.22 show that some cellular plastics, particularly those with open cells or natural interstices, continue to absorb additional significant amounts of water beyond the 96-h immersion period. It was also found that water absorption of some cellular plastics is significantly higher when exposed to a greater pressure head, as might be encountered in certain underwater installations.  
5.2 This test method provides a means for measuring absorption as a result of direct contact exposure to free water. Results by this test method cannot be used to compare the resistance of cellular plastics to water vapor transmission and subsequent condensation within the cells. To determine resistance to water vapor transmission, see Test Methods E96.  
5.3 Water absorption testing is subject to several important variables, which if not considered, prohibit sufficient agreement among testing laboratories. Development of this test method has taken into account the most serious of the possible sources of error. See Notes 3-6, below, for some possible sources of error.
Note 3: In some methods, an error is encountered due to a rapid absorption of water before an accurate initial weight can be obtained. This test method accounts for that potential error by providing Procedure A for use with materials that behave in this manner. In this procedure the only submerged measurement required is a final weighing taken after the 96-h immersion period.
Note 4: The increase in volume that occurs with some foams when immers...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water absorption of rigid cellular plastics by measuring the change in buoyant force resulting from immersion under a 5.1-cm (2-in.) head of water for the specified immersion period of 96 h.  
1.2 This test method describes two procedures that shall be used to measure the change in buoyant force. Procedure A shall be used for materials that either experience rapid water absorption or that show an increase in volume during the exposure period, or both. Materials that do not exhibit either of these characteristics shall be evaluated by Procedure B.  
1.3 For specific applications, immersion periods varying from the normal 96-h test requirement shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method is equivalent to ISO 2896.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2019
• ICS: 83.100 - Cellular materials
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.22 - Cellular Materials - Plastics and Elastomers

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E2935-17 - Standard Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in Laboratory Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2017
• Refers: ASTM D883-18a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM D883-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4968-17 - Standard Practice for Annual Review of Test Methods and Specifications for Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2017
• Refers: ASTM D883-19a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4968-19 - Standard Practice for Annual Review of Test Methods and Specifications for Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4968-19a - Standard Practice for Annual Review of Test Methods and Specifications for Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-19c - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM E456-13A(2017)e3 - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2017
• Refers: ASTM E2935-14 - Standard Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in Laboratory Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Refers: ASTM E2935-15 - Standard Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in Laboratory Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2015
• Refers: ASTM D4968-15 - Standard Practice for Annual Review of Test Methods and Specifications for Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Refers: ASTM D4968-16 - Standard Practice for Annual Review of Test Methods and Specifications for Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Refers: ASTM E2935-16 - Standard Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in Laboratory Applications
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2016
• Refers: ASTM E456-13A(2017)e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2017
• Refers: ASTM D883-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2017
• Refers: ASTM D883-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Referred By: ASTM E1974-19 - Standard Specification for Shelter, Electrical Equipment S-250/G
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Referred By: ASTM C1029-20 - Standard Specification for Spray-Applied Rigid Cellular Polyurethane Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D3576-20 - Standard Test Method for Cell Size of Rigid Cellular Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Referred By: ASTM F561-19 - Standard Practice for Retrieval and Analysis of Medical Devices, and Associated Tissues and Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D6226-21 - Standard Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid Cellular Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E861-13(2021) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Thermal Insulation Materials for Use in Solar Collectors
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Referred By: ASTM C1696-20 - Standard Guide for Industrial Thermal Insulation Systems
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E1975-22 - Standard Specification for Shelter, Electrical, Equipment S-280/G
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D7425/D7425M-13(2019) - Standard Specification for Spray Polyurethane Foam Used for Roofing Applications
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2842 − 19
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Absorption of Rigid Cellular Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2842; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D3576Test Method for Cell Size of Rigid Cellular Plastics
D4968Practice for Annual Review of Test Methods and
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water
Specifications for Plastics
absorptionofrigidcellularplasticsbymeasuringthechangein
E96Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materi-
buoyant force resulting from immersion under a 5.1-cm (2-in.)
als
head of water for the specified immersion period of 96 h.
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.2 This test method describes two procedures that shall be
ASTM Test Methods
usedtomeasurethechangeinbuoyantforce.ProcedureAshall
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
be used for materials that either experience rapid water
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
absorption or that show an increase in volume during the
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
exposureperiod,orboth.Materialsthatdonotexhibiteitherof
E2935 Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in
these characteristics shall be evaluated by Procedure B.
Laboratory Applications
1.3 For specific applications, immersion periods varying
2.2 ISO Standard:
from the normal 96-h test requirement shall be agreed upon
ISO2896 Cellular Plastics, Rigid—Determination of Water
between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
3
Absorption
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
3. Terminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this standard are defined in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
accordance with Terminology D883, unless otherwise speci-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
fied.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 For terms relating to precision and bias and associated
issues,thetermsusedinthisstandardaredefinedinaccordance
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO2896.
with Terminology E456.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Summary of Test Method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 The buoyant force of an object less dense than water is
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
equal to the weight of water it displaces when submerged, less
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the dry weight of the object. Water absorbed into the object
2. Referenced Documents lowers the buoyant force by increasing the weight of the
2
sample. By knowing the volume and initial dry weight of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sample,theinitialbuoyantforcecanbecalculatedortheinitial
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
buoyant force can be determined by direct measurement. The
1 final buoyant force at the end of the immersion period is
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials -
measured with an underwater weighing assembly. The differ-
Plastics and Elastomers.
encebetweentheinitialandfinalbuoyantforceistheweightof
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published May 2019. Originally
the water absorbed per unit of specimen volume.
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2842-12. DOI:
10.1520/D2842-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2842 − 19
5. Significance and Use specimens and the corresponding products are different, it is
possible that t
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2842 − 12 D2842 − 19
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Absorption of Rigid Cellular Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2842; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water absorption of rigid cellular plastics by measuring the change in
buoyant force resulting from immersion under a 5.1-cm (2-in.) head of water for the specified immersion period of 96 h.
1.2 This test method describes two procedures that shall be used to measure the change in buoyant force. Procedure A shall be
used for materials that either experience rapid water absorption or that show an increase in volume during the exposure period,
or both. Materials that do not exhibit either of these characteristics shall be evaluated by Procedure B.
1.3 For specific applications, immersion periods varying from the normal 96-h test requirement shall be agreed upon between
the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO 2896.
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO 2896.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3576 Test Method for Cell Size of Rigid Cellular Plastics
D4968 Practice for Annual Review of Test Methods and Specifications for Plastics
E96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2935 Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in Laboratory Applications
2.2 ISO Standard:
3
ISO 2896 Cellular Plastics, Rigid—Determination of Water Absorption
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—There are no terms in this test method that are new or other than dictionary definitions.
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this standard are defined in accordance with Terminology D883, unless otherwise specified.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials - Plastics
and Elastomers.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012May 1, 2019. Published November 2012May 2019. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 as
D2842 - 06.D2842 - 12. DOI: 10.1520/D2842-12.10.1520/D2842-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2842 − 19
3.2 For terms relating to precision and bias and associated issues, the terms used in this standard are defined in accordance with
Terminology E456.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The buoyant force of an object less dense than water is equal to the weight of water it displaces when submerged, less the
dry weight of the object. Water absorbed into the object lowers the buoyant force by increasing the weight of the sample. By
knowing the volume and initial dry weight of the sample, the initial buoy
...