ASTM D4214-07

Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures provide a broad range of techniques and photographic references to evaluate chalking of exterior paints.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the degree of chalking on white or tinted exterior paint films. These test methods describe the procedures recommended for transferring the chalk to a fabric or fingertip, which is then compared to photographic reference standards, or in the case of adhesive tapes, compared to a reflectance table or photographic reference standards, to determine the degree of chalking.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2007
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.25 - Evaluation of Weathering Effects

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4214-98 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films (Withdrawn 2007)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Replaced By: ASTM D4214-07(2015) - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D1014-18 - Standard Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints and Coatings on Metal Substrates
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D7787/D7787M-13(2022) - Standard Practice for Selecting Wood Substrates for Weathering Evaluations of Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D6763-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D5722-20 - Standard Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Factory-Coated Embossed Hardboard Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight and a Soak-Freeze-Thaw Procedure
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D5031/D5031M-13(2018) - Standard Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposure Tests of Paint and Related Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E1796-20 - Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Liquid Coating Encapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D5065-17(2021) - Standard Guide for Assessing the Condition of Aged Coatings on Steel Surfaces
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D5498-12a(2018) - Standard Guide for Developing a Training Program for Personnel Performing Coating and Lining Work Inspection for Nuclear Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E1605-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D4141/D4141M-22 - Standard Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4214 − 07
StandardTest Methods for
1
Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 chalking, n—the formation on a pigmented coating of
a friable powder evolved from the film itself at or just beneath
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the degree of
the surface.
chalking on white or tinted exterior paint films. These test
methodsdescribetheproceduresrecommendedfortransferring
4. Significance and Use
the chalk to a fabric or fingertip, which is then compared to
4.1 The procedures provide a broad range of techniques and
photographic reference standards, or in the case of adhesive
photographic references to evaluate chalking of exterior paints.
tapes, compared to a reflectance table or photographic refer-
ence standards, to determine the degree of chalking.
5. Type of Chalking
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.1 Only one type of chalking is recognized, as defined in
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Section 3.
only.
6. Use of Photographic Reference Standards
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 6.1 The photographic reference standards that are part of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- these test methods are representative of the degrees of chalking
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- on a paint film.The photographs shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. for illustration purposes only and should not be used for
evaluation.
2. Referenced Documents
6.2 The use of photographic reference standards illustrated
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 requires the following precautions:
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
6.2.1 The degree of chalking will vary over any given area.
Exterior Paints
Therefore, an average portion of the coating should be evalu-
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
ated. On large surfaces, it is recommended that the rating be
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
made at several locations and the mean and range reported.
6.2.2 It is difficult to make readings on a windy day and
2.2 Other Document:
3
making readings at such time should be avoided. It should also
Pictorial Standards of Coating Defects
be noted that rain, snow, or moisture in any form will remove
chalk so that readings should be made after a period of clear
3. Terminology
weather and when the surface is dry.
3.1 Definitions:
6.2.3 Chalking and erosion (Note 1) are closely related.
However, the rate of chalking as measured by these test
methods, and the rate of erosion may not be comparable
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
becausesomepigmentcombinationstendtoretainchalkonthe
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
surface while other pigment combinations exert a self-cleaning
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.25 on Evaluation of Weathering Effects.
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approved
action by natural means.
in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D4214 – 98 which was
withdrawn March 2007 and reinstated in July 2007. DOI: 10.1520/D4214-07. NOTE 1—For the evaluation of erosion, see Test Method D662.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
6.3 Records may be kept on forms such as shown in Fig. 3.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Reporting of the results shall include the information given in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Section 8.
3
Copies of the pictorial photographic reference standards applicable to Test
Method A are contained in the publication Pictorial Standards of Coatings Defects
4
and may be obtained from the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, 492 These record sheets may be obtained from the Federation of Societies for
Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422. Coatings Technology, 492 Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4214 − 07
FIG. 1 Photographic Reference St
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