ASTM A834-95(2015)

Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial Use

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard common requirements for iron castings to be used for general industrial applications. The castings shall be made in a workman-like manner and shall conform to the dimensions on drawings furnished by the purchaser before manufacture is started. A lot shall consist of one of the following: all the metal from a single heating in a batch-type melting furnace; all the metal poured from two or more batch-type melting furnaces into a single ladle or a single casting; or all the metal poured from a continuous melting furnace for a given period of time between changes in charge, processing conditions, or aim-for chemistry, whichever is the shorter period. Specimens shall undergo tension tests and shall conform to the specified tensile strength requirements. Chemical analysis such as spectrographic methods shall be performed to determine the chemical composition which shall be in accordance to the carbon content requirement of the specimen. Visual inspection shall also be done to ensure that the casting surface is free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements that are mandatory requirements when used in conjunction with the following iron casting specifications issued by ASTM:    
ASTM Specification2    
A47/A47M  
A48/A48M  
A197/A197M  
A220/A220M  
A278/A278M  
A319  
A395/A395M  
A436  
A439  
A518/A518M  
A532/A532M  
A536  
A571/A571M  
A823  
A842  
A874/A874M  
A897/A897M  
1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementary requirements which may be applied to the above specifications as indicated herein. These are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.  
1.3 The requirements of the individual material specification, and this general specification shall prevail in the sequence named.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2015
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A04 - Iron Castings
• Drafting Committee: A04.01 - Grey and White Iron Castings

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A834-95(2011) - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial Use
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Replaced By: ASTM A834-95(2020) - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial Use
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Referred By: ASTM A897/A897M-22 - Standard Specification for Austempered Ductile Iron Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Referred By: ASTM A395/A395M-99(2022) - Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Referred By: ASTM A1095-15(2019) - Standard Specification for High-Silicon Molybdenum Ferritic Iron Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A834 −95 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General
Industrial Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A834; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements that 2.1 ASTM Standards:
aremandatoryrequirementswhenusedinconjunctionwiththe A47/A47MSpecification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Cast-
following iron casting specifications issued by ASTM: ings
A48/A48MSpecification for Gray Iron Castings
ASTM Specification
A47/A47M
A197/A197MSpecification for Cupola Malleable Iron
A48/A48M
A220/A220MSpecification for Pearlitic Malleable Iron
A197/A197M
A247Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
A220/A220M
A278/A278M
Graphite in Iron Castings
A319
A278/A278M Specification for Gray Iron Castings for
A395/A395M
Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 650°F
A436
A439
(350°C)
A518/A518M
A319Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Elevated
A532/A532M
Temperatures for Non-Pressure Containing Parts
A536
A571/A571M
A395/A395M Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron
A823
Pressure-RetainingCastingsforUseatElevatedTempera-
A842
tures
A874/A874M
A897/A897M
A436Specification for Austenitic Gray Iron Castings
1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementary A439Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings
A518/A518MSpecification for Corrosion-Resistant High-
requirements which may be applied to the above specifications
Silicon Iron Castings
asindicatedherein.Theseareprovidedforusewhenadditional
A532/A532M Specification for Abrasion-Resistant Cast
testing or inspection is desired and apply only when specified
Irons
individually by the purchaser in the order.
A536Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
1.3 The requirements of the individual material
A571/A571MSpecificationforAusteniticDuctileIronCast-
specification, and this general specification shall prevail in the
ings for Pressure-Containing Parts Suitable for Low-
sequence named.
Temperature Service
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
A644Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
A802/A802MPractice for Steel Castings, Surface Accep-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
tance Standards, Visual Examination
and are not considered standard.
A823SpecificationforStaticallyCastPermanentMoldGray
Iron Castings
A842Specification for Compacted Graphite Iron Castings
A874/A874MSpecification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Cast-
ings Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
A897/A897MSpecification for Austempered Ductile Iron
Castings
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
CastingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA04.01onGreyandWhite
Iron Castings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A834–95(2011). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0834-95R15. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A834−95 (2015)
A919Terminology Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals Test Methods E30 and E351 may be used for chemical
(Withdrawn 1999) analysis. In the event of a dispute regarding chemical
E8Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials composition, Test Methods E351 and E30 shall be used for
E10Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials referee purposes.
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
6.3 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be made on
Determine Conformance with Specifications
chilled pencil-type specimens or from thin wafers approxi-
E30TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofSteel,CastIron,
mately ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) thick cut from test coupons. Drillings
Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)
are not reliable because of a probable loss of graphite.
E59Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination
6.4 Chemical analysis results shall be rounded, in accor-
of Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996)
dance with Practice E29, to the nearest unit in the last
E94Guide for Radiographic Examination
right-hand place of values in the table of chemical require-
E165Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General
ments.
Industry
E351TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofCastIron—All
6.5 Aproduct analysis may be made by the purchaser from
Types
material representing each heat, lot, or casting. The analysis
E689Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
shall be made on representative material. Samples for carbon
E709Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
analysis shall be taken no closer than ¼ in. to a cast surface,
E802Reference Radiographs for Gray Iron Castings Up to
and shall follow the practice in 5.3, except where the size or
4 ⁄2 in. (114 mm) in Thickness
shape of the casting does not permit such sampling. The
2.2 Military Standard:
chemical composition thus determined shall meet the require-
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
ments specified in the applicable specification for the grade
2.3 Federal Standard:
involved.
Fed. Std. No. 123Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
3. Terminology
7.1 All castings shall be made in a workman-like manner
3.1 Definitions:
and shall conform to the dimensions on drawings furnished by
3.1.1 Definitions for many terms common to iron castings
the purchaser before manufacture is started. If the pattern is
and their heat treatment are found in Terminology A919 and
supplied by the purchaser, the dimensions of the casting shall
Terminology A644. A classification of graphite structure is
be as predicted by the pattern.
found in Test Method A247.
8. Sampling
4. Ordering Information
8.1 A lot shall consist of one of the following:
4.1 The purchase order for castings ordered under this
specification shall stipulate the applicable material
8.1.1 All the metal from a single heating in a batch–type
specification(s), grade of iron, and any options or additions to melting furnace.
the basic requirements, including the supplementary require-
8.1.2 All the metal poured from two or more batch–type
ments included in this specification.
melting furnaces into a single ladle or a single casting.
8.1.3 All the metal poured from a continuous melting
5. Tensile Requirements
furnace for a given period of time between changes in charge,
5.1 Theindividualproductspecificationsvaryastowhether
processing conditions, or aim-for chemistry, or 4 h, whichever
tension tests are required. For this reason, and to determine
is the shorter period.
specific test requirements, the individual product specification
8.1.3.1 The purchaser may agree to extend the 4-h time
shall be reviewed. When required, tension tests shall be
period to8hifthe manufacturer can demonstrate sufficient
determined in accordance with Test Methods E8.
process control to warrant such an extension.
6. Chemical Requirements
9. Inspection
6.1 Theindividualproductspecificationsvaryastowhether
9.1 All tests and inspections required by this specification
chemical analysis is required. To determine specific
shall be performed by the manufacturer or other reliable
requirements, the individual product specification should be
sources whose services have been contracted for by the
revi
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A834 − 95 (Reapproved 2011) A834 − 95 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General
Industrial Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A834; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements that are mandatory requirements when used in conjunction with the
following iron casting specifications issued by ASTM:
ASTM Specification
A47/A47M
A48/A48M
A197/A197M
A220/A220M
A278/A278M
A319
A395/A395M
A436
A439
A518/A518M
A532/A532M
A536
A571/A571M
A823
A842
A874/A874M
A897/A897M
1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementary requirements which may be applied to the above specifications as
indicated herein. These are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when specified
individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.3 The requirements of the individual material specification, and this general specification shall prevail in the sequence named.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.01 on Grey and White Iron
Castings.
Current edition approved March 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2015. Published September 2011November 2015. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20062011
as A834 – 95 (2011). (2006). DOI: 10.1520/A0834-95R11.10.1520/A0834-95R15.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A834 − 95 (2015)
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A47/A47M Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Castings
A48/A48M Specification for Gray Iron Castings
A197/A197M Specification for Cupola Malleable Iron
A220/A220M Specification for Pearlitic Malleable Iron
A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of Graphite in Iron Castings
A278/A278M Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 650°F (350°C)
A319 Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Elevated Temperatures for Non-Pressure Containing Parts
A395/A395M Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures
A436 Specification for Austenitic Gray Iron Castings
A439 Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings
A518/A518M Specification for Corrosion-Resistant High-Silicon Iron Castings
A532/A532M Specification for Abrasion-Resistant Cast Irons
A536 Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
A571/A571M Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts Suitable for Low-Temperature
Service
A644 Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
A802/A802M Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Visual Examination
A823 Specification for Statically Cast Permanent Mold Gray Iron Castings
A842 Specification for Compacted Graphite Iron Castings
A874/A874M Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
A897/A897M Specification for Austempered Ductile Iron Castings
A919 Terminology Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals (Withdrawn 1999)
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)
E59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination of Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996)
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
E351 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron—All Types
E689 Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
E802 Reference Radiographs for Gray Iron Castings Up to 4 ⁄2 in. (114 mm) in Thickness
2.2 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
2.3 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions for many terms common to iron castings and their heat treatment are found in Terminology A919 and
Terminology A644. A classification of graphite structure is found in Test Method A247.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 The purchase order for castings ordered under this specification shall stipulate the applicable material specification(s), grade
of iron, and any options or additions to the basic requirements, including the supplementary requirements included in this
specification.
5. Tensile Requirements
5.1 The individual product specifications vary as to whether tension tests are required. For this reason, and to determine specific
test requirements, the individual product specification shall be reviewed. When required, tension tests shall be determined in
accordance with Test Methods E8.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://www.dodssp.daps.mil.
A834 − 95 (2015)
6. Chemical Requirements
6.1 The individual product specifications vary as to whether chemical analysis is required. To determine specific requirements,
the individual product specification should be reviewed.
6.2 Sampling shall be conducted in accordance with Test Method E59. Spectrographic or other methods such as those in Test
Methods E30 and E351 may be used for chemical analysis. In the event of a dispute regarding chemical composition, Test Methods
E351 and E30 shall be used for referee purposes.
6.3 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be made on chilled pencil-type specimens or from thin wafers approximately
⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) thick cut from test coupons. Drillings are not reliable because of a probable loss of graphite.
6.4 Chemical analysis results shall be rounded, in accordance with Practice E29, to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place
of values in the table of chemical requirements.
6.5 A product analysis may be made by the purchaser from material representing each heat, lot, or casting. The analysis shall
be made on representative material. Samples for carbon analysis shall be taken no closer than ¼ in. to a cast surface, and shall
follow the practice in 5.3, except where the size or shape of the casting does not permit such sampling. The chemical composition
thus determined shall meet the requirements specified in the applicable specification for the grade involved.
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
7.1 All castings shall be made in a workman-like manner and shall conform to the dimensions on drawings furnished by the
purchaser before manufacture is started. If the pattern is supplied by the purchaser, the dimensions of the casting shall be as
predicted by the pattern.
8. Sampling
8.1 A lot shall consist of one of the following:
8.1.1 All the metal from a single heating in a batch–type melting furnace.
8.1.2 All the metal poured from two or more batch–type melt
...