ASTM C216-17
(Specification)Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)
Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)
ABSTRACT
This specification covers brick intended for use in masonry and supplying structural or facing components, or both, to the structure. Bricks shall be classified according to their resistance to damage by freezing when saturated at a moisture content: Grade SW and Grade MW. The facing bricks shall be classified into three types: Types FBS; FBX; and FBA. Durability; absorption alternate; freezing and thawing alternative; breakage and weight loss; cracking; low weathering index alternative; compressive strength; and initial rate of absorption requirements shall be tested for the material to meet the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use in masonry and supplying structural or facing components, or both, to the structure.
1.2 The requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the requirements of this specification is beyond the intent of this specification.
1.3 The brick are prismatic units available in a variety of sizes, textures, colors, and shapes. This specification is not intended to provide specifications for paving brick (see Specification C902).
1.4 Brick are ceramic products manufactured primarily from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). Additives or recycled materials are permitted to be included at the option of the manufacturer. The heat treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see Terminology C1232).
1.5 Brick are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way to describe the brick.
1.5.1 This standard and its individual requirements shall not be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a masonry unit made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials.
1.6 Three types of brick in each of two grades are covered.
1.7 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
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Designation:C216 −17
Standard Specification for
Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or
1
Shale)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use in
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
masonry and supplying structural or facing components, or
and are not considered standard.
both, to the structure.
1.2 The requirements of this specification apply at the time
2. Referenced Documents
of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
from masonry structures for determining conformance or
C67Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
nonconformance to the requirements of this specification is
Structural Clay Tile
beyond the intent of this specification.
C902Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving
1.3 The brick are prismatic units available in a variety of
Brick
sizes, textures, colors, and shapes. This specification is not C1232Terminology of Masonry
intended to provide specifications for paving brick (see Speci-
C1272Specification for Heavy Vehicular Paving Brick
fication C902).
3. Terminology
1.4 Brick are ceramic products manufactured primarily
3.1 Definitions—For definitions relating to masonry and
from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy sub-
facing brick, refer to Terminology C1232.
stances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated tempera-
tures (firing). Additives or recycled materials are permitted to
4. Classification
be included at the option of the manufacturer. The heat
treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate 4.1 Grades—Grades classify brick according to their resis-
tance to damage by freezing when saturated at a moisture
constituentstoprovidethestrengthanddurabilityrequirements
of this specification (see Terminology C1232). content not exceeding the 24-h cold water absorption. Two
grades of facing brick are covered and the requirements are
1.5 Brick are shaped during manufacture by molding,
given in Section 7.
pressing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way to
4.1.1 Grade SW (Severe Weathering)—Brick intended for
describe the brick.
use where high resistance to damage caused by cyclic freezing
1.5.1 Thisstandardanditsindividualrequirementsshallnot
is desired.
beusedtoqualifyorcorroboratetheperformanceofamasonry
4.1.2 Grade MW (Moderate Weathering)—Brick intended
unit made from other materials, or made with other forming
for use where moderate resistance to cyclic freezing damage is
methods, or other means of binding the materials.
permissible.
1.6 Three types of brick in each of two grades are covered.
NOTE 1—Although grade is associated with resistance to deterioration
1.7 The text of this specification references notes and
under freeze/thaw exposures, freeze/thaw resistance of a clay brick unit is
footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and also affected by the properties of the surrounding materials, the construc-
tion details, and the overall environment in which the clay unit is placed;
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
each of which may influence exposure to moisture and freezing condi-
considered as requirements of the standard.
tions. Brick masonry should be detailed to minimize saturation or
near-saturation of the units in freezing conditions. Measurement of
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 15, 2017. Published March 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C216–16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0216-17. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C216−17
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements
Minimum Compressive Strength Maximum Water Absorption Maximum Saturation
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C216 − 16 C216 − 17
Standard Specification for
Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or
1
Shale)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use in masonry and supplying structural or facing components, or both, to the
structure.
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick
extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section 7) of
this specification is beyond the scopeintent of this specification.
1.3 The brick are prismatic units available in a variety of sizes, textures, colors, and shapes. This specification is not intended
to provide specifications for paving brick (see Specification C902).
1.4 Brick are ceramic products manufactured primarily from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and
subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). Additives or recycled materials are permitted to be included at the
option of the manufacturer. The heat treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the
strength and durability requirements of this specification (see Terminology C1232).
1.5 Brick are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way to describe the
brick.
1.5.1 This standard and its individual requirements shall not be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a masonry
unit made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials.
1.6 Three types of brick in each of two grades are covered.
1.7 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
C902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
C1272 Specification for Heavy Vehicular Paving Brick
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions relating to masonry and facing brick, refer to Terminology C1232.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brick
and Structural Clay Tile.
Current edition approved June 1, 2016March 15, 2017. Published July 2016March 2017. Originally approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 as
C216 – 15.C216 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/C0216-16.10.1520/C0216-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C216 − 17
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements
Minimum Compressive Strength Maximum Water Absorption Maximum Saturation
A
psi, (MPa) gross area by 5-h Boiling, % Coefficient
Designation
Average of 5 Average Average
Individual Individual Individual
brick of 5 brick of 5 brick
Grade SW 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2) 17.0 20.0 0.78 0.80
Grade MW 2500 (17.2) 2200 (15.2) 22.0 25.0 0.88 0.90
A
The saturation coefficient is the ratio of absorption by 24-h submersion in cold water to that after 5-h submersion in boiling water.
4. Classification
4.1 Grades—Grades classify brick according to their resistance to damage by freezing when saturated at a moisture content not
exceeding the 24-h cold water absorption. Two grades of facing brick are cove
...
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