ASTM D714-02(2009)

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A phenomenon peculiar to painted surfaces is the formation of blisters relative to some system weakness. This test method provides a standard procedure of describing the size and density of the blisters so that comparisons of severity can be made.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method employs photographic reference standards to evaluate the degree of blistering that may develop when paint systems are subjected to conditions which will cause blistering. While primarily intended for use on metal and other nonporous surfaces, this test method may be used to evaluate blisters on porous surfaces, such as wood, if the size of blisters falls within the scope of these reference standards. When the reference standards are used as a specification of performance, the permissible degree of blistering of the paint system shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2009
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.25 - Evaluation of Weathering Effects

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D714-02e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D1014-18 - Standard Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints and Coatings on Metal Substrates
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D5367-16(2021) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Coatings Applied Over Surfaces Treated With Inhibitors Used to Prevent Flash Rusting of Steel When Water or Water/Abrasive Blasted
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7230-06(2021) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Polymeric Lining Systems for Water Immersion in Coating Service Level III Safety-Related Applications on Metal Substrates
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D2243-20 - Standard Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D5065-17(2021) - Standard Guide for Assessing the Condition of Aged Coatings on Steel Surfaces
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D1006/D1006M-21 - Standard Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Hand and Factory Applied Paints on Wood and Wood Composite Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6486-23 - Standard Practice for Short Term Vehicle Service Exposure of Automotive Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4619-12(2018) - Standard Practice for Inspection of Linings in Operating Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM G87-02(2023) - Standard Practice for Conducting Moist SO<inf>2</inf> Tests
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7254-21 - Standard Specification for Polypropylene (PP) Siding
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D8370-22 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Electrochemical Impedance on Coatings and Linings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6943-15(2019) - Standard Practice for Immersion Testing of Industrial Protective Coatings and Linings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D1654-08(2016)e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D714 − 02 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
1
Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D714; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4.2 Size—Reference standards have been selected for four
steps as to size on a numerical scale from 10 to 0, in which No.
1.1 This test method employs photographic reference stan-
10representsnoblistering.BlisteringstandardNo.8represents
dards to evaluate the degree of blistering that may develop
the smallest size blister easily seen by the unaided eye.
when paint systems are subjected to conditions which will
Blistering standards Nos. 6, 4, and 2 represent progressively
cause blistering.While primarily intended for use on metal and
larger sizes.
other nonporous surfaces, this test method may be used to
evaluate blisters on porous surfaces, such as wood, if the size 4.3 Frequency—Reference standards have been selected for
of blisters falls within the scope of these reference standards. four steps in frequency at each step in size, designated as
When the reference standards are used as a specification of follows:
performance, the permissible degree of blistering of the paint
Dense, D,
Medium dense, MD,
system shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller.
Medium, M, and
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Few, F.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
NOTE1—Aquantitativephysicaldescriptionofblisteringwouldinclude
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the following characteristics determined by actual count:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Size distribution in terms of mensuration units,
Frequency of occurrence per unit area,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Pattern of distribution over the surface, and
Shape of blister
2. Referenced Documents
For the usual tests, an actual count is more elaborate than is necessary.
2.1 ASTM Adjuncts:
2
5. Procedure
Reference Standards for Blistering of Paint Coatings
5.1 Subject the paint film to the test conditions agreed upon
3. Significance and Use
by the purchaser and the seller.Then evaluate the paint film for
the degree of blistering by comparison with the photographic
3.1 A phenomenon peculiar to painted surfaces is the
formation of blisters relative to some system weakness. This reference standards in Figs. 1-4.
test method provides a standard procedure of describing the
6. Report
size and density of the blisters so that comparisons of severity
can be made. 6.1 Report blistering as a number (Note 2) designating the
size of the blisters and a qualitative term or symbol indicating
4. Reference Standards
the frequency.
4.1 The photographic reference standards are glossy
6.2 Intermediate steps in size or frequency of blisters may
2
prints. Figs. 1-4 are reproductions of these standards and are
be judged by interpolation.
included to illustrate two characteristics of blistering: size and
6.3 When the distribution of blisters over t
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D714–87 (Reapproved 1994) Designation: D 714 – 02 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
1
Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 714; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Keywords were added editorially in October 1994.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method employs photographic reference standards to evaluate the degree of blistering that may develop when paint
systems are subjected to conditions which will cause blistering. While primarily intended for use on metal and other nonporous
surfaces, this test method may be used to evaluate blisters on porous surfaces, such as wood, if the size of blisters falls within the
scope of these reference standards.When the reference standards are used as a specification of performance, the permissible degree
of blistering of the paint system shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Significance and Use
2.1A phenomenon peculiar to painted surfaces is the formation of blisters relative to some system weakness. This test method
provides a standard procedure of describing the size and density of the blisters so that comparisons of severity can be made.
Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Adjuncts:
2
Reference Standards for Blistering of Paint Coatings
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Aphenomenon peculiar to painted surfaces is the formation of blisters relative to some system weakness. This test method
provides a standard procedure of describing the size and density of the blisters so that comparisons of severity can be made.
4. Reference Standards
2
3.1The4.1 The photographic reference standards are glossy prints. Figs. 1-4 are reproductions of these standards and are
included to illustrate two characteristics of blistering: size and frequency.
3.2
4.2 Size—Reference standards have been selected for four steps as to size on a numerical scale from 10 to 0, in which No. 10
represents no blistering. Blistering standard No. 8 represents the smallest size blister easily seen by the unaided eye. Blistering
standards Nos. 6, 4, and 2 represent progressively larger sizes.
3.3
4.3 Frequency—Reference standards have been selected for four steps in frequency at each step in size, designated as follows:
Dense, D,
Medium dense, MD,
Medium, M, and
Few, F.
NOTE 1—A quantitative physical description of blistering would include the following characteristics determined by actual count:
Size distribution in terms of mensuration units,
Frequency of occurrence per unit area,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.25 on Pictorial Standards of Coating Defects.
Current edition approved May 29, 1987. Published July 1987. Originally published as D714–43T. Last previous edition D714–56 (1981).on Evaluation of Weathering
Effects.
´1
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 714 – 02 .
2
GlossyprintsofthephotographicreferencestandardsshowingtypesofblisteringareavailableatanominalchargefromASTMInternationalHeadquarters.OrderAdjunct
ADJD0714.No. Original adjunct produced in 1986.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 714 – 02 (2009)
Few Medium
FIG. 1 Blister Size No. 2
Medium Dense Dense
FIG. 1 (continued)
Pattern of distribution over the surface, and
Shape of blister
For the usual tests, an actual count is more elaborate than is necessary.
4.
5. Procedure
45.1 Subject the paint film to the test conditions agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller. Then evaluate the paint film for
the degree of blistering by comparison with the photographic reference standards in Figs. 1-4.
5.
6. Report
56.1 Report blist
...