ASTM C119-11
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
Standard Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
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Designation: C119 − 11
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Dimension Stone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C119; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Dimension stone,asusedhere,isnaturalstonethathasbeenselectedandfabricatedtospecificsizes
or shapes, with or without one or more mechanically dressed or finished surfaces, for use as building
facing, curbing, paving stone, monuments and memorials, and various industrial products. The term
dimension stone is in contradistinction to crushed and broken stone, such as is used for aggregate,
roadstone, fill, or chemical raw materials. Because all stone is a natural material, the definition
excludes all manmade materials that simulate stone. In common practice, some dimension stones are
reinforced, filled, or surface treated.
Terms used in definitions and nomenclature shall be interpreted in accordance with commonly
accepted scientific and technical terms of the geological sciences except as otherwise specifically
noted.
Examples of such exceptions are the broader commercial definitions of granite and marble, which
have become well established in the dimension stone industry and trade. Definitions and terms
includedinthesedefinitionshavebeenformulatedinaccordancewithcommonindustrialusage where
this is not in conflict with current scientific usage.
GENERAL TERMS chip—an irregularly shaped fragment dislodged from a stone
surface.
anchor—in general, a metal shape inserted into a slot or hole
in the stone that provides for the transfer of loads from the cladding—nonload-bearing stone used as the facing material
stone to the building structure, either directly or through an in wall construction that contains other materials.
intermediate structure.
coping—dimension stone used as the top course of a masonry
anchorage—the system consisting of stone, anchor and pri-
wall, often sloped to shed water.
mary structure, secondary structure or back-up preventing
crack—a partial break in the stone (see fracture, microcrack,
lateral movement of the stone.
seam).
arris—thejunctionoftwoplanesofthesamestoneformingan
cubic stock—in general, a thick dimension stone unit which is
external edge.
not precisely defined in terms of thickness for every kind of
ashlar—(1) a squared block of building stone; (2) a masonry
stone, particularly for limestone and sandstone. For marble
of such stones; (3) a thin-dressed rectangle of stone for
or granite, cubic stock is a unit that is greater than 50 mm in
facing of walls (often called ashlar veneer).
thickness. For limestone, cubic stock is a unit that is greater
than 75 mm to 100 mm in thickness, and for sandstone, a
building stone—natural rock of adequate quality to be quar-
unit that is greater than 150 mm to 200 mm in thickness. (In
riedandcutasdimensionstoneasitexistsinnature,asused
contrast, see thin stone.)
in the construction industry.
cut stone—stone fabricated to specific dimensions.
dimension stone—natural stone that has been selected and
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on
fabricated to specific sizes or shapes.
Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.91 on
DISCUSSION—The term dimension stone is in contradistinction to
Nomenclature and Definitions.
crushed and broken stone, such as is used for aggregate, roadstone, fill,
Current edition approved June 15, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally
ε3
orchemicalrawmaterials.Incommonpractice,somedimensionstones
approved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C119–08 . DOI:
10.1520/C0119-11. are reinforced, filled, or surface treated.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C119 − 11
dressed stone—See cut stone, finished stone. microcrack—acracktoosmalltobeseenwiththeunaidedeye
durability—the measure of the ability of dimension stone to (see crack, fracture, seam).
endure and to maintain its essential and distinctive charac-
microfissure—a fissure that cannot be seen with the unaided
teristics of strength, resistance to decay, and appearance.
eye.
Durability is based on the length of time that a stone can
maintain its innate characteristics in use.This time will vary
monumental stone—rock of adequate quality to be quarried
depending on the environment, the use, and the finish of the
and cut as dimension stone as it exists in nature, as used in
stone in question (for example, outdoor ver
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´3
Designation:C119–08 Designation: C119 – 11
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Dimension Stone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C119; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—In the definiton of microfissure “naked eye” was changed to “unaided eye” editorially in October 2009.
2
´ NOTE—The words “or hollow” were removed from the 2nd definition of “rift” in August 2010.
3
´ NOTE—The terms “fleuri-cut” and “vein-cut” were added editorially under General Terms in May 2011.
INTRODUCTION
Dimension stone,asusedhere,isnaturalstonethathasbeenselectedandfabricatedtospecificsizes
or shapes, with or without one or more mechanically dressed or finished surfaces, for use as building
facing, curbing, paving stone, monuments and memorials, and various industrial products. The term
dimension stone is in contradistinction to crushed and broken stone, such as is used for aggregate,
roadstone, fill, or chemical raw materials. Because all stone is a natural material, the definition
excludes all manmade materials that simulate stone. In common practice, some dimension stones are
reinforced, filled, or surface treated.
Terms used in definitions and nomenclature shall be interpreted in accordance with commonly
accepted scientific and technical terms of the geological sciences except as otherwise specifically
noted.
Examples of such exceptions are the broader commercial definitions of granite and marble, which
have become well established in the dimension stone industry and trade. Definitions and terms
includedinthesedefinitionshavebeenformulatedinaccordancewithcommonindustrialusage where
this is not in conflict with current scientific usage.
GENERAL TERMS
anchor—in general, a metal shape inserted into a slot or hole in the stone that provides for the transfer of loads from the stone
to the building structure, either directly or through an intermediate structure.
anchorage—the system consisting of stone, anchor and primary structure, secondary structure or back-up preventing lateral
movement of the stone.
arris—the junction of two planes of the same stone forming an external edge.
ashlar—(1) a squared block of building stone; (2) a masonry of such stones; (3) a thin-dressed rectangle of stone for facing of
walls (often called ashlar veneer).
building stone—natural rock of adequate quality to be quarried and cut as dimension stone as it exists in nature, as used in the
construction industry.
chip—an irregularly shaped fragment dislodged from a stone surface.
cladding—nonload-bearing stone used as the facing material in wall construction that contains other materials.
coping—dimension stone used as the top course of a masonry wall, often sloped to shed water.
crack—a partial break in the stone (see fracture, microcrack, seam).
cubic stock—in general, a thick dimension stone unit which is not precisely defined in terms of thickness for every kind of stone,
particularlyforlimestoneandsandstone.Formarbleorgranite,cubicstockisaunitthatisgreaterthan50mminthickness.For
limestone, cubic stock is a unit that is greater than 75 mm to 100 mm in thickness, and for sandstone, a unit that is greater than
150 mm to 200 mm in thickness. (In contrast, see thin stone.)
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.91 on Nomenclature and
Definitions.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally approved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C119–07a. DOI:
10.1520/C0119-08E03.
´3
Current edition approved June 15, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C119–08 . DOI:
10.1520/C0119-11.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C119 – 11
cut stone—stone fabricated to specific dimensions.
dimension stone—natural stone that has been selected and fabricated to specific sizes or shapes.
DISCUSSION—Theterm dimension stoneisincontradistinctiontocrushedandbrokenstone,suchasisusedforaggregate,roadstone,fill,orchemical
raw materials. In common practice, some dimension st
...
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