ASTM D6823-08(2021)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Commercial Boiler Fuels With Used Lubricating Oils
Standard Specification for Commercial Boiler Fuels With Used Lubricating Oils
ABSTRACT
This specification covers four grades of fuel oil made of used lubricating oils. These four grades of fuel are proposed for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning industrial equipment and commercial boilers under various climatic and operating conditions. The four grades of fuel oil covered in this specification are RFC4, RFC5L, RFC5H, and RFC6. The fuel oils shall contain a minimum volume of used lubricating oil-derived products as prescribed herein. The oils shall also be homogeneous consisting primarily of hydrocarbons. The fuel oil shall not contain excessive amounts of organic or inorganic acids, or both, and shall be free of solid or fibrous matter.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers four grades of fuel oil made of at least 25 % used lubricating oils. The four grades of fuel are intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning industrial equipment and commercial boilers under various climatic and operating conditions. These fuels are not intended for use in residential heaters.
1.1.1 Grades RFC4, RFC5L, RFC5H and RFC6 are used lubricating oil blends of increasing viscosity, with or without middle distillate or residual fuel oil, or both, that are intended for use in industrial burners and commercial boilers equipped to handle these types of fuels. This specification is for applications where Specification D6448 would not meet the performance or other requirements of the burner or boiler in question.
Note 1: For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for the purchase of fuel oils derived from used lubricating oil and for the guidance of consumers of such fuels. This specification does not address the frequency with which any particular test must be run.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of national or local regulations which can be more restrictive. In some jurisdictions, used oil is considered a hazardous waste and fuels derived from used oil are required to meet certain criteria before use as a fuel.
Note 2: For United States federal requirements imposed on used oil generators, transporters and transfer facilities, reprocessors, marketers, and burners, see 40 CFR Part 279.
Note 3: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 Exception—Table 1 and Table X1.1 include inch-pound values in parentheses for information only.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D6823 −08 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
Commercial Boiler Fuels With Used Lubricating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.4.1 Exception—Table 1 and Table X1.1 include inch-
pound values in parentheses for information only.
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversfourgradesoffueloilmadeof
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
at least 25% used lubricating oils. The four grades of fuel are
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning industrial
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
equipment and commercial boilers under various climatic and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
operating conditions. These fuels are not intended for use in
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
residential heaters.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1.1 Grades RFC4, RFC5L, RFC5H and RFC6 are used
lubricating oil blends of increasing viscosity, with or without
2. Referenced Documents
middle distillate or residual fuel oil, or both, that are intended
for use in industrial burners and commercial boilers equipped
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to handle these types of fuels. This specification is for
D56Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
applications where Specification D6448 would not meet the
D93Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
performance or other requirements of the burner or boiler in
Closed Cup Tester
question.
D95Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
NOTE 1—For information on the significance of the terminology and
Bituminous Materials by Distillation
test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
D97Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
1.2 Thisspecificationisforuseincontractsforthepurchase
D129Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
of fuel oils derived from used lubricating oil and for the
eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
guidance of consumers of such fuels. This specification does
D240Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hy-
not address the frequency with which any particular test must
drocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
be run.
D396Specification for Fuel Oils
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
andOpaqueLiquids(andCalculationofDynamicViscos-
of national or local regulations which can be more restrictive.
ity)
In some jurisdictions, used oil is considered a hazardous waste
D473TestMethodforSedimentinCrudeOilsandFuelOils
and fuels derived from used oil are required to meet certain
by the Extraction Method
criteria before use as a fuel.
D482Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
NOTE 2—For United States federal requirements imposed on used oil
generators, transporters and transfer facilities, reprocessors, marketers,
D664Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
and burners, see 40 CFR Part 279.
by Potentiometric Titration
NOTE 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
D974Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more informa-
Indicator Titration
tion on the subject, see Guide D4865.
D1266TestMethodforSulfurinPetroleumProducts(Lamp
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Method)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
standard.
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
ucts by Hydrometer Method
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.P0 on Recycled Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6823–08 (2013). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D6823-08R21. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6823−08 (2021)
TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Non-Industrial Burner Fuels from Used Lubricating Oils
B
Limits
A
Properties Test Method
RFC4 RFC5L RFC5H RFC6
Physical
2 C
Viscosity at 100 °C mm /s D445
min . . . . . . 5.0 9.0 15.0
max . . . <5.0 8.9 14.9 50.0
Flash point, °C (°F), min D93, Procedure B 38 (100) 55 (130) 55 (130) 60 (140)
D
Water and sediment, % volume max D1796 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0
EEE
Pour point, °C (°F), max D97 -6 (21)
3 F
Density, kg/m at 15 °C D1298 Report Report Report Report
Chemical
Acid no., mg KOH/g, max D664 0.15 0.15 0.30 0.30
G
Ash, % mass, max D482 0.2 0.3 0.3 Report
H
Sulfur, % mass D129 Report Report Report Report
Performance
I
Gross heating value, MJ/kg (BTU/gal), min D240 40.0 (130 000) 41.5 (135 000) 41.5 (135 000) 43.0 (140 000)
J
Contaminants
K
Arsenic, ppm, max. 5
K
Cadmium, ppm, max 2
K
Chromium, ppm, max D5185 10
K
Lead, ppm, max D5185 100
K
Total halogens, ppm, max D5384 1000
L
PCBs, ppm, max D6160 50
A
See Section 8 for details and additional test methods.
B
Units given in parentheses are for informational purposes only.
C 2
1cSt =1mm /s.
D
Solids content shall not exceed 0.5 %. Filtration may be required to obtain appropriate particle size for use. A deduction in quantity shall be made for all water and
sediment in excess of 1.0 % by mass for Grades RFC5H and RFC6.
E
Buyer and seller to agree.
F 3
Density in kg/L at 15 °C multiplied by 1000 = kg/m .
G
Buyer and seller may agree on a higher ash content.
H
Local jurisdictions may limit the sulfur content in burner fuels.
I
Assumes 7.5 lb/US gal.
J
These are US EPA current limits (40 CFR Part 279 and 40 CFR Part 761). If state or local requirements for used oil are more stringent, the burner fuel offered shall comply
with the more stringent requirements.
K
US EPA SW-846 6010. Where Test Method D5185 is listed, Test Method D5185 will be the referee test method.
L
In the United States, current unrestricted use IAW 40 CFR Part 279 is <2 ppm. PCBs are permitted in qualified incinerators as defined in 40 CFR Part 761. US EPA
prohibits blending down oils of >50 ppm to <50 ppm and oils <50 ppm to less than 2 ppm.
D1552Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by D4175Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detec- Fuels, and Lubricants
tion or Thermal Conductivity Detection (TCD) D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
D1796Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by Petroleum Products
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure) D4294Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
D2622Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry trometry
D2983Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Au-
D4629Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Hydrocar-
tomaticTransmissionFluids,HydraulicFluids,andLubri- bons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion and Chemi-
cants using a Rotational Viscometer
luminescence Detection
D3228Test Method for Total Nitrogen in Lubricating Oils
D4865Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-
and Fuel Oils by Modified Kjeldahl Method
tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
D3245Test Method for Pumpability of Industrial Fuel Oils
D4868TestMethodforEstimationofNetandGrossHeatof
(Withdrawn 2010)
Combustion of Hydrocarbon Burner and Diesel Fuels
D3828Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
D5185Test Method for Multielement Determination of
Cup Tester
Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by
D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
etry (ICP-AES)
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
D5291Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of
Petroleum Products
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products
and Lubricants
3 D5384Test Methods for Chlorine in Used Petroleum Prod-
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. ucts (Field Test Kit Method)
D6823−08 (2021)
D5854Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples making the oil suitable for further use. The methods may
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products include settling, heating, dehydration, filtration, and centrifug-
D6160Test Method for Determination of Polychlorinated ing.
Biphenyls (PCBs) inWaste Materials by Gas Chromatog-
3.2.3 recycling, n—in petroleum technology, the acquisition
raphy
of oil that has become unsuitable for its intended use, and
D6448Specification for Industrial Burner Fuels from Used
processing it in order to regain useful materials.
Lubricating Oils
3.2.4 re-refining, n—the use of refining processes during
D6450Test Method for Flash Point by Continuously Closed
recycling to produce high quality base stocks for lubricants or
Cup (CCCFP) Tester
other petroleum products. Re-refining may include distillation,
D7042Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of
hydrotreating, or treatments employing acid, caustic, solvent,
Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of
clay, or both, or other chemicals, or a combination thereof.
Kinematic Viscosity)
3.2.5 used oil, n—in petroleum product recycling,oilwhose
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO8217PetroleumProducts–Fuel(ClassF)–Specifications characteristics have changed since being originally
manufactured, and which is suitable for recycling.
for Marine Fuels
2.3 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations:
3.2.6 waste oil, n—in petroleum technology, oil having
40 CFR Part 761 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
characteristicsmakingitunsuitableeitherforfurtheruseorfor
Manufacturing, Processing, Distribution in Commerce,
economic recycling.
and Use Prohibitions
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
40CFRPart279StandardsfortheManagementofUsedOil
3.3.1 commercial boiler, n—indirect heating units which
2.4 US EPA Standards:
transferthermalenergytowaterorotherfluidsorgasesforuse
SW-846TestMethodsforEvaluatingSolidWastesPhysical/
in heating and having a heat input between 0.3 to 10 × 10
Chemical Methods
BTU⁄h.
SW-846 5050Bomb Preparation Method for Solid Waste
3.3.2 industrial burner, n—adevicewhichproducesheatfor
SW-846 6010Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emis-
industrial use through the combustion of liquid hydrocarbon
sion Spectrometry
fuels.
SW-846 9056ADetermination of Inorganic Anions by Ion
Chromatography 3.3.2.1 Discussion—Industrial burners are typically de-
SW-846 9075Test Method for Total Chlorine in New and signed for one of two applications: (1) industrial furnaces
Used Petroleum Products by X-Ray Fluorescence Spec- —integral components of manufacturing processes that pro-
trometry (XRF) videdirectheating;forexample,inaggregate,cement,lime,or
SW-846 9076Test Method for Total Chlorine in New and phosphate kilns; coke ovens; or blast, smelting, melting,
Used Petroleum Products by Oxidative Combustion and refining, or drying ovens and (2) industrial boilers—large
Microcoulometry indirectheatingunitswhichtransferthermalenergytowateror
SW-846 9077Test Methods for Total Chlorine in New and otherfluidsorgasesforuseinheatinginindustrialsettingsand
Used Petroleum Products (Field Test Kit Methods) in manufacturing processes. These boilers can be classified as
utility/largeindustrialboilerswithaheatinputgreaterthan100
3. Terminology
×10 BTU/h or small industrial boilers with a heat input of
between 10 to 100 × 10 BTU/h.
3.1 For definitions of other terms used in this specification,
refer to Terminology D4175.
3.3.3 reprocessing, n—in petroleum product recycling, the
preparation of used oil to be suitable as a fuel.
3.2 Definitions:
3.3.3.1 Discussion—Reprocessingincludesproceduressuch
3.2.1 burner fuel oil, n—any petroleum liquid suitable for
as settling, filtration, blending, distillation, or chemical treat-
thegenerationofheatbycombustioninafurnaceorfireboxas
ment.
a vapor or a spray, or a combination of both.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Different grades are characterized pri-
3.4 Acronyms:
marily by viscosity ranges.
3.4.1 ISO—International Organization for Standardization.
3.2.2 reclaiming, n—the use of cleaning methods during
3.4.2 RCRA—Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
recycling primarily to remove insoluble contaminants, thus
(United States).
3.4.3 US EPA—United States Environmental Protection
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Agency.
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
5 3.5 Abbreviations:
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401
3.5.1 CFR—Code of Federal Regulations.
(www.gpoaccess.gov).
3.5.2 IAW—in accordance with.
Available from Environmental Protection Agency, Ariel Rios Bldg., 1200
Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20460 (www.epa.gov). Downloadable
3.5.3 RFC4—recycledfuel,commercialboilers,gradenum-
files available at http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/testmethods/sw846/
index.htm. ber 4.
D6823−08 (2021)
3.5.4 RFC5L—recycled fuel, commercial boilers, grade 6. General Requirements
number 5 light.
6.1 The fuel oils specified herein shall contain a minimum
3.5.5 RFC5H—recycled fuel, commercial boilers, grade
of 25% volume of used lubricating oil-derived products, the
number 5 heavy.
balance being a Specification D396 fuel oil or suitable refinery
stocks.
3.5.6 RFC6—recycledfuel,commercialboilers,gradenum-
ber 6.
6.2 The fuel oils shall be homogeneous fluids consisting
primarily of hydrocarbons. RFC shall remain homogeneous
3.5.7 SW—solid waste, SW-846 is US EPA Office of Solid
and uniform in storage and shall not separate by gravity into
Waste’s official compendium of analytical and sampling meth-
layers in normal operating conditions.
ods for use in co
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