ASTM G122-96

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cleaning Agents

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the capability of cleaning agents and processes to remove contamination to the desired level.
1.2 The test coupons provide a relatively rough surface to which contamination can easily adhere.  
1.3 The capability of a particular cleaning agent depends upon the method by which it is used and the characteristics of the article being cleaned, such as size, shape, and material. Final evaluation of the cleaning agent should include testing of actual products and production process.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 2.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-1996
• Technical Committee: G04 - Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
• Drafting Committee: G04.01 - Test Methods

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM G122-96(2002) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cleaning Agents
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1996
• Referred By: ASTM D6361/D6361M-98(2020) - Standard Guide for Selecting Cleaning Agents and Processes
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1996
• Referred By: ASTM G93/G93M-19 - Standard Guide for Cleanliness Levels and Cleaning Methods for Materials and Equipment Used in Oxygen-Enriched Environments
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1996
• Referred By: ASTM G121-18 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Coupons for the Evaluation of Cleaning Agents
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1996
• Referred By: ASTM G131-96(2023)e1 - Standard Practice for Cleaning of Materials and Components by Ultrasonic Techniques
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1996
• Referred By: ASTM D8179-18 - Standard Guide for Characterizing Detergents for the Cleaning of Clinically-used Medical Devices
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1996
• Referred By: ASTM G127-15(2023) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Cleaning Agents for Oxygen-Enriched Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1996
• Referred By: ASTM F3127-22 - Standard Guide for Validating Cleaning Processes Used During the Manufacture of Medical Devices
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1996
• Referred By: ASTM E3106-22 - Standard Guide for Science-Based and Risk-Based Cleaning Process Development and Validation
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1996
• Referred By: ASTM G126-16(2023) - Standard Terminology Relating to the Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1996

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: G 122 – 96
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cleaning Agents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 122; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Many systems require a high degree of cleanliness. For example, gaseous and liquid oxygen systems
must be clean, particularly of hydrocarbons, to avoid the potential hazard of a reaction and subsequent
fire or explosion. Typically, chlorinated solvents have been used to clean systems and equipment that
must be free of hydrocarbons and other contaminants. Environmental concerns dictate that suitable
replacements are needed. This test method presents a procedure that may be used to evaluate candidate
aqueous or non aqueous cleaning agents.
1. Scope tary Flash Evaporator)
G 94 Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the
G 121 Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Cou-
capability of cleaning agents and processes to remove contami-
pons for the Evaluation of Cleaning Agents
nation to the desired level.
2.2 ANSI Standard:
1.2 The test coupons provide a relatively rough surface to
D46.1 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness,
which contamination can easily adhere.
Lay)
1.3 The capability of a particular cleaning agent depends
upon the method by which it is used and the characteristics of
3. Terminology
the article being cleaned, such as size, shape, and material.
3.1 Definitions:
Final evaluation of the cleaning agent should include testing of
3.1.1 cleaning effectiveness factor (CEF), n—the fraction of
actual products and production process.
contaminant removed from an initially contaminated test
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
coupon and determined by gravimetric techniques.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.2 residual contamination R , n—the absolute mass of
c
only.
contaminant remaining after the cleaning process and ex-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pressed in milligrams per square centimetre of area or option-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ally as milligrams per square foot.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3 surface roughness, R , n—the arithmetic average
A
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
deviation of the surface profile from the centerline, normally
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
reported in micrometres.
tionary statements are given in Note 2.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 This test method provides quantitative results as to the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ability of a specific cleaning agent/process for removing
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
selected contaminants from standard coupons. The coupons
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
used for testing are prepared in accordance with Practice
ASTM Test Methods
G 121. Cleaning is performed using a cleaning tank with or
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
without ultrasonic agitation, elavated temperature or other
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
cleaning enhancement features and depends on the manufac-
F 331 Test Method for Nonvolatile Residue of Halogenated
turer’s instructions. The effectiveness of the cleaning process is
Solvent Extract from Aerospace Components (Using Ro-
represented as CEF, the cleaning effectiveness factor, that is the
fraction of the contaminant removed as determined by gravi-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G-4 on
metric techniques. A control coupon is used to account for any
Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres and is
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G04.01 on Test Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1996. Published December 1996. Originally
published as G 122 – 93. Last previous edition G 122 – 93. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
G 122
corrosion or material removal effects due to the cleaning independent beakers held in the cleaning tank or as a batch in
agent/process. a single beaker.
7.9 Clean the test and control coupons in the candidate
5. Significance and Use
cleaning agent by the manufacturer’s procedure or selected
5.1 The purpose of this test method is to define a procedure
procedure.
for evaluating the capability of cleaning agents to clean
7.9.1 Prepare the cleaning agent in accordance with the
metallic coupons. Based on the outcome of the testing, suitable
manufacturer’s recommendations.
cleaning agents may be selected for cleaning in general and for
7.9.2 Select beakers of suitable size to accommodate the test
oxygen service in particular.
coupons and fit the beaker holder.
5.2 The cleaning parameters can be changed and the test
7.9.3 Wash the beakers thoroughly with a solution of liquid,
method can be repeated. The usual cleaning parameters include
surface-active cleaning agent in hot water and rinse with type
cleaning agent concentration, temperature, and time; type and
II water.
strength of ultrasonic energy or agitation, if used, and others.
7.9.4 Fill the beakers with the cleaning agent solution to a
level that will ensure the test coupons are submerged.
NOTE 1—Usual cleaning parameters are based on the manufacturer’s
7.9.5 Fill the cleaning tank to its operating level with the
recommendations.
transfer fluid and preheat to desired test temperature.
6. Apparatus
7.9.6 Place the beakers in the beaker holder in the tank so
6.1 Materials: that the liquid levels in the tank and beakers are approximately
6.1.1 Test Coupon, prepared in accordance with Practice equal.
7.9.7 Allow the temperatures of the tank fluid and cleaning
G 121. The mass of the coupon is approximately 30 to 45 g but
will vary significantly for each selected material. Typical agent in the beakers to equilibrate at the desired temperature.
7.9.8 Suspend the test coupons and control coupon in the
materials used in oxygen systems are described in Guide G 94.
6.1.2 Control Coupon—This is uncontaminated and is sub- cleaning agent, using a wire hook of the same material as the
coupon or a compatible material. Position the coupons such
jected to the identical cleaning procedure as the contaminated
coupons and serves to evaluate corrosion, erosion of the test that they do not touch the beaker or one another.
7.9.9 Begin agitation or sonication in the cleaning process
coupons.
6.1.3 Cleaning Agent, prepared according to the manufac- and start the timer.
7.9.10 Upon completing the required cleaning time, discon-
turer’s instructions. Specification D 1193 Type II water shall be
used for preparing aqueous solutions. tinue the agitation or sonication, and remove the coupons from
the cleaning agent.
6.2 Equipment:
6.2.1 Cleaning Tank, A vessel of sufficient size to conduct a 7.9.11 Rinse the test coupon in accordance with the manu-
facturer’s recommendations.
number of evaluations simultaneously. Testing is enhanced by
having automatic temperature and time controls. A cleaning 7.9.12 Allow the suspended coupons to dry overnight or in
a forced convection ove
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