ASTM D5446-08

Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Every ASTM test method listed in 2.1 contains a section describing its particular significance and use. Other test methods listed in 2.1 of this practice may contain sections pertaining to their particular significance and use.
The physical testing procedures in this practice can be used in conjunction with lot sampling procedures as a basis for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of inflatable restraint fabrics. They may be used to establish the criteria by which inflatable restraint fabrics will be tested by the supplier to determine whether a lot of material is acceptable for shipment to the purchaser.
This practice addresses all the physical properties that describe inflatable restraint fabrics and their commonly used test methods. Unless otherwise specified by agreement of purchaser and supplier, these standard test methods shall constitute the test conditions, procedures, and equipment used to determine the physical properties of fabrics used in inflatable restraints. It is intended to be used as a guideline in establishing a written material specification. The specification or agreement of purchaser and supplier may deviate from the practices described herein when (based on experience) considerations of fabric properties, material handling equipment, or inflatable restraint system design dictate otherwise.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a listing of the test methods commonly employed in determining the physical properties of fabrics and yarns used in the manufacture of inflatable restraints.
1.2 Fabrics used in the manufacture of inflatable restraints may be coated or uncoated, and may be comprised of spun yarns, continuous filament yarns, or a combination thereof.
1.3 Fabrics used in the manufacturer of inflatable restraints may be either flat or one piece woven. For the one-piece woven, follow the sampling section of D 5446 and the individual test method.
1.4 In Section 9, this practice lists is alphabetical order the procedures associated with conducting physical testing of the following fabric or yarn properties of concern to the design and manufacture of inflatable restraints.
YarnSection  Denier (Yarn Number)9.3.1   Fiber Content9.3.2   Finish (Extractable Material)9.3.3   Strength and Elongation9.3.4   Twist9.3.5  Fabric  Air Permeability9.3.6   Abrasion Resistance9.3.7   Blocking9.3.8   Bow and Skew9.3.9   Breaking Force & Elongation9.3.10  Burst Strength9.3.11  Coating Adhesion9.3.12  Coating Weight9.3.13  Count of Woven Fabric9.3.14  Dynamic Air Permeability9.3.28  Edgecomb Resistance9.3.29  Flammability9.3.15  Fogging (Volatility)9.3.16  Length9.3.17  Mass per Unit Area9.3.18  Non-Fibrous Material9.3.19  Odor9.3.20  Packability9.3.30  pH9.3.21  Stiffness9.3.22  Tear Strength9.3.23  Thickness9.3.24  Warp Size Content & Residual Sizing9.3.25  Width9.3.26 Sewing Thread9.3.27  
1.5 This practice may be used in conjunction with Practice D 5427 which prescribes standard practices for the accelerated aging of inflatable restraint fabrics when comparative results of physical properties before and after accelerated aging are required.
1.6 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this practice may be used by agreement of purchaser and supplier with the specific deviations from the standard practice acknowledged in the report.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 3.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2008
• ICS: 43.040.60 - Bodies and body components
• ICS: 59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.20 - Inflatable Restraints

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5446-02(2007) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM D5446-08(2013) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013
• Referred By: ASTM F2374-22 - Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Operation, and Maintenance of Inflatable Amusement Devices
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5446 −08
StandardPractice for
Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and
1
Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5446; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Tear Strength 9.3.23
Thickness 9.3.24
1.1 This practice is a listing of the test methods commonly
Warp Size Content & Residual Sizing 9.3.25
employed in determining the physical properties of fabrics and Width 9.3.26
Sewing Thread 9.3.27
yarns used in the manufacture of inflatable restraints.
1.5 This practice may be used in conjunction with Practice
1.2 Fabrics used in the manufacture of inflatable restraints
D5427 which prescribes standard practices for the accelerated
may be coated or uncoated, and may be comprised of spun
agingofinflatablerestraintfabricswhencomparativeresultsof
yarns, continuous filament yarns, or a combination thereof.
physical properties before and after accelerated aging are
1.3 Fabrics used in the manufacturer of inflatable restraints
required.
may be either flat or one piece woven. For the one-piece
1.6 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this
woven, follow the sampling section of D5446 and the indi-
practice may be used by agreement of purchaser and supplier
vidual test method.
with the specific deviations from the standard practice ac-
1.4 In Section 9, this practice lists is alphabetical order the
knowledged in the report.
procedures associated with conducting physical testing of the
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
followingfabricoryarnpropertiesofconcerntothedesignand
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
manufacture of inflatable restraints.
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
Yarn Section
must be used independent of the other.
Denier (Yarn Number) 9.3.1
Fiber Content 9.3.2
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Finish (Extractable Material) 9.3.3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Strength and Elongation 9.3.4
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Twist 9.3.5
Fabric
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Air Permeability 9.3.6
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 3.
Abrasion Resistance 9.3.7
Blocking 9.3.8
Bow and Skew 9.3.9 2. Referenced Documents
Breaking Force & Elongation 9.3.10
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Burst Strength 9.3.11
Coating Adhesion 9.3.12
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
Coating Weight 9.3.13
D204 Test Methods for Sewing Threads
Count of Woven Fabric 9.3.14
D276 Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles
Dynamic Air Permeability 9.3.28
Edgecomb Resistance 9.3.29
D737 Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
Flammability 9.3.15
D751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
Fogging (Volatility) 9.3.16
D1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-
Length 9.3.17
3
Mass per Unit Area 9.3.18
Length Specimens (Withdrawn 2010)
Non-Fibrous Material 9.3.19
D1388 Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics
Odor 9.3.20
D1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by
Packability 9.3.30
pH 9.3.21
Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) Apparatus
Stiffness 9.3.22
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextilesand contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.20 on Inflatable Restraints. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approved the ASTM website.
3
in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5446 – 02(2007). DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D5446-08. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D5446−08
7
D1423 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting 2.5 AATCC Methods:
D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials Method 81 pH of Water—Extract from Wet Processed Tex-
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Num- tiles
ber) by the Skein Method
3. Terminology
D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the
Single-Strand Method 3.1 Definitions:
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
3.2 For all terminology relating to D13.20, Inflatable
D2261 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabric
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5446–02 (Reapproved 2007) Designation: D 5446 – 08
Standard Practice for
Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and
1
Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5446; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is a listing of the test methods commonly employed in determining the physical properties of fabrics and yarns
used in the manufacture of inflatable restraints.
1.2 Fabrics used in the manufacture of inflatable restraints may be coated or uncoated, and may be comprised of spun yarns,
continuous filament yarns, or a combination thereof.
1.3 Fabrics used in the manufacturer of inflatable restraints may be either flat or one piece woven. For the one-piece woven,
follow the sampling section of D 5446 and the individual test method.
1.4 In Section 9, this practice lists is alphabetical order the procedures associated with conducting physical testing of the
following fabric or yarn properties of concern to the design and manufacture of inflatable restraints.
Yarn Section
Denier (Yarn Number) 9.3.1
Fiber Content 9.3.2
Finish (Extractable Material) 9.3.3
Strength and Elongation 9.3.4
Twist 9.3.5
Fabric
Air Permeability 9.3.6
Abrasion Resistance 9.3.7
Blocking 9.3.8
Bow and Skew 9.3.9
Breaking Force & Elongation 9.3.10
Burst Strength 9.3.11
Coating Adhesion 9.3.12
Coating Weight 9.3.13
Count of Woven Fabric 9.3.14
Dynamic Air Permeability 9.3.28
Edgecomb Resistance 9.3.29
Flammability 9.3.15
Fogging (Volatility) 9.3.16
Length 9.3.17
Mass per Unit Area 9.3.18
Non-Fibrous Material 9.3.19
Odor 9.3.20
Packability 9.3.30
pH 9.3.21
Stiffness 9.3.22
Tear Strength 9.3.23
Thickness 9.3.24
Warp Size Content & Residual Sizing 9.3.25
Width 9.3.26 Thread
Sewing Thread 9.3.27
1.5 ThispracticemaybeusedinconjunctionwithPracticeD 5427whichprescribesstandardpracticesfortheacceleratedaging
of inflatable restraint fabrics when comparative results of physical properties before and after accelerated aging are required.
1.6 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this practice may be used by agreement of purchaser and supplier with
the specific deviations from the standard practice acknowledged in the report.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.20 on Inflatable Restraints .
Current edition approved July 1, 2007.2008. Published August 2007.July 2008. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20022007 as
D 5446 – 02(2007).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5446–08
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See Note 3.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 204 Test Methods for Sewing Threads
D 276 Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles
D 737 Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
D 751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
D 1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens
D 1388 Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics
D 1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum Type (Elmendorf) Apparatus
D 1423 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting
D 1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
D 1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
D 2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
D 2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
D 2261 TestMethodforTearingStrengthofFabricsbytheTongue(SingleRip)Procedure(Constant-Rate-of-ExtensionTensile
Testing Machine)
D 3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric
D 3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
...