ASTM A437/A437M-10
(Specification)Standard Specification for Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service
Standard Specification for Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service
ABSTRACT
This specifications covers alloy-steel bolting material specially heat treated for high-temperature service, such as steam turbine, gas turbine, and similar uses. The grades of steels covered here are: Grade B4B, Grade B4C, and Grade B4D. Steels of Grades B4B and B4C shall undergo heating, liquid quenching, reheating, tempering, and air or furnace cooling, respectively. Steels of Grade B4D shall undergo heating, oil quenching, reheating or tempering, and air of furnace cooling, respectively. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, aluminum, titanium, and tin. The steels shall undergo tensile, impact, and hardness tests, and shall conform to the following mechanical requirements: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, impact value, Brinell hardness number, and Rockwell hardness number. All bars or forged blanks of starting material shall be subjected to nondestructive inspection using any of the following methods: Eddy current, Magnetic particle inspection (wet or dry), Liquid penetrant inspection, Ultrasonic testing, or Visual testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers stainless and alloy-steel bolting specially heat treated for high-temperature service, such as steam turbine, gas turbine, and similar uses. See Specification for the definition of bolting. This material requires special processing and should not be used in general-purpose applications. Bolting furnished as bars shall be hot wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing.
1.2 The high-temperature properties of the bolting covered by this specification are dependent upon special heat treatment, which is required. Although the high-temperature properties are not specified, they are implied by control of the chemistry, heat treatment, and room-temperature properties of the material.
1.3 Three levels of bolting strength are covered, designated Grades B4B, B4C, and B4D.
1.4 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification .
1.5 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
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Designation: A437/A437M – 10
Standard Specification for
Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Specially
1
Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA437/A437M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
2 system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
1.1 This specification covers stainless and alloy-steel bolt-
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
ing specially heat treated for high-temperature service, such as
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
steam turbine, gas turbine, and similar uses. See Specification
standard.
A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. This material
requires special processing and should not be used in general-
2. Referenced Documents
purpose applications. Bolting furnished as bars shall be hot
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding
A962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements for
or by cold drawing.
Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryo-
1.2 The high-temperature properties of the bolting covered
genic to the Creep Range
by this specification are dependent upon special heat treatment,
which is required. Although the high-temperature properties
3. Ordering Information
are not specified, they are implied by control of the chemistry,
3.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify
heat treatment, and room-temperature properties of the mate-
all requirements necessary for product under this specification.
rial.
Such requirements to be considered include, but are not limited
1.3 Three levels of bolting strength are covered, designated
to, the following:
Grades B4B, B4C, and B4D.
3.1.1 Specification designation, grade, issue date, and revi-
1.4 The following referenced general requirements are in-
sion letter,
dispensable for application of this specification: Specification
3.1.2 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
A962/A962M.
3.1.3 Description (bars, bolts, nuts, etc.),
1.5 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the
3.1.4 Dimensions,
option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall
3.1.5 Finish, and
apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the
3.1.6 Impact testing of nuts, if required (see Section 9).
purchase order or contract.
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
4. Common Requirements
and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
4.1 Bolting supplied to this specification shall conform to
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units),
therequirementsofSpecificationA962/A962M.Theserequire-
the inch-pound units shall apply.
ments include test methods, finish, thread dimensions, macro-
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
etch (Grade B4D only), marking, certification, optional supple-
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
mentary requirements, and others. Failure to comply with the
requirements of Specification A962/A962M constitutes non-
1 conformance with this specification. In case of conflict be-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
tween this specification and Specification A962/A962M, this
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for PipingApplications and Bolting
specification shall prevail.
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally
3
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A437/A437M–06. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
DOI: 10.1520/A0437_A0437M-10. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
cation SA-437 in Section II of that code. the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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A437/A437M – 10
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
5. Discard
5.1 A sufficient discard shall be made from each ingot to
Grade Diameter, in. [mm] Tensile Yield Elongation
ensure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation.
Strength, Strength
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A437/A437M–06 Designation: A437/A437M – 10
Standard Specification for
Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Material
1
Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA437/A437M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This specification covers alloy-steel bolting material specially heat treated for high-temperature service, such as steam
turbine, gas turbine, and similar uses. This material requires special processing and should not be used in general-purpose
applications. The term “bolting material,” as used in this specification, covers rolled or forged bars, bolts, nuts, screws, washers,
studs, and stud bolts. The bars shall be hot wrought. The material may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold
drawing.
1.2The high-temperature properties of the material covered by this specification are dependent upon special heat treatment,
which is required. Although the high-temperature properties are not specified, they are implied by control of the chemistry, heat
treatment, and room-temperature properties of the material.
NOTE1—High-temperature tests shall not be required, unless made a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.3Three levels of bolting strength are covered, designated Grades B4B, B4C, and B4D. Selection will depend on the design
and the stresses and service for which the product is to be used.
NOTE2—When ordering material under this specification, or when incorporating this specification as a reference in any individual specification, the
purchaser must designate the steel by identification symbol or analysis, or both, and definitely specify the minimum mechanical properties required as
selected from Table 1covers stainless and alloy-steel bolting specially heat treated for high-temperature service, such as steam turbine, gas turbine, and
similar uses. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. This material requires special processing and should not be used in
general-purpose applications. Bolting furnished as bars shall be hot wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing.
1.2 The high-temperature properties of the bolting covered by this specification are dependent upon special heat treatment,
which is required. Although the high-temperature properties are not specified, they are implied by control of the chemistry, heat
treatment, and room-temperature properties of the material.
1.3 Three levels of bolting strength are covered, designated Grades B4B, B4C, and B4D.
1.4 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification
A962/A962M.
1.45 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary
requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.5This1.6 Thisspecificationisexpressedinbothinch-poundunitsandinSIunits.However,units;however,unlessthepurchase
order or contract specifies the applicable “M”M specification designation (SI units), the material inch-pound units shall be
furnished to inch-pound units. apply.
1.6The1.7 Thevaluesstatedineitherinch-poundSIunitsorSIinch-poundunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Within
the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system aremay not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system mustshall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with
the specification. standard.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both,Bolting Intended for
Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22
on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Current edition approved MarchApril 1, 2006.2010. Published March 2006.May 2010. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20042006 as
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A437/A437M–06 Designation: A437/A437M – 10
Standard Specification for
Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Material
1
Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA437/A437M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This specification covers alloy-steel bolting material specially heat treated for high-temperature service, such as steam
turbine, gas turbine, and similar uses. This material requires special processing and should not be used in general-purpose
applications. The term “bolting material,” as used in this specification, covers rolled or forged bars, bolts, nuts, screws, washers,
studs, and stud bolts. The bars shall be hot wrought. The material may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold
drawing.
1.2The high-temperature properties of the material covered by this specification are dependent upon special heat treatment,
which is required. Although the high-temperature properties are not specified, they are implied by control of the chemistry, heat
treatment, and room-temperature properties of the material.
NOTE1—High-temperature tests shall not be required, unless made a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.3Three levels of bolting strength are covered, designated Grades B4B, B4C, and B4D. Selection will depend on the design
and the stresses and service for which the product is to be used.
NOTE2—When ordering material under this specification, or when incorporating this specification as a reference in any individual specification, the
purchaser must designate the steel by identification symbol or analysis, or both, and definitely specify the minimum mechanical properties required as
selected from Table 1covers stainless and alloy-steel bolting specially heat treated for high-temperature service, such as steam turbine, gas turbine, and
similar uses. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. This material requires special processing and should not be used in
general-purpose applications. Bolting furnished as bars shall be hot wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing.
1.2 The high-temperature properties of the bolting covered by this specification are dependent upon special heat treatment,
which is required. Although the high-temperature properties are not specified, they are implied by control of the chemistry, heat
treatment, and room-temperature properties of the material.
1.3 Three levels of bolting strength are covered, designated Grades B4B, B4C, and B4D.
1.4 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification
A962/A962M.
1.45 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary
requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.5This1.6 Thisspecificationisexpressedinbothinch-poundunitsandinSIunits.However,units;however,unlessthepurchase
order or contract specifies the applicable “M”M specification designation (SI units), the material inch-pound units shall be
furnished to inch-pound units. apply.
1.6The1.7 Thevaluesstatedineitherinch-poundSIunitsorSIinch-poundunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Within
the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system aremay not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system mustshall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with
the specification. standard.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use atAnyTemperature from Cryogenic to the
Creep Range
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22
on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Current edition approved MarchApril 1, 2006.2010. Published March 2006.May 2010. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20042006 as
A437/A437M–04.A437/A437M–06. DOI: 10.1520/A0437_A
...
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