ASTM D2422-97(2013)
(Classification)Standard Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
Standard Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
ABSTRACT
This classification is applicable to all petroleum-base fluid lubricants and to those nonpetroleum materials which may be readily blended to produce fluid lubricants of a desired viscosity, that is, lubricants for bearings, gears, compressor cylinders, hydraulic fluids, etc. This classification is used to eliminate unjustified intermediate viscosities, thereby reducing the total number of viscosity grades used in the lubrication of industrial equipment. The lubricants shall be classified according to viscosity grades: ISO VG 2; ISO VG 3; ISO VG 5; ISO VG 7; ISO VG 10; ISO VG 15; ISO VG 22; ISO VG 32; ISO VG 46; ISO VG 68; ISO VG 100; ISO VG 150; ISO VG 220; ISO VG 320; ISO VG 460; ISO VG 680; ISO VG 1000; ISO VG 1500; ISO VG 2200; and ISO VG 3200.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This classification establishes a series of definite viscosity levels so that lubricant suppliers, lubricant users, and equipment designers will have a uniform and common basis for designating, specifying, or selecting the viscosity of industrial fluid lubricants.
3.2 This classification is used to eliminate unjustified intermediate viscosities, thereby reducing the total number of viscosity grades used in the lubrication of industrial equipment.
3.3 This system provides a suitable number of viscosity grades, a uniform reference temperature, a uniform viscosity tolerance, and a nomenclature system for identifying the viscosity characteristics of each grade.
3.4 This system implies no evaluation of lubricant quality and applies to no property of a fluid other than its viscosity at the reference temperature. It does not apply to those lubricants used primarily with automotive equipment and identified with an SAE number.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification is applicable to all petroleum-base fluid lubricants and to those nonpetroleum materials which may be readily blended to produce fluid lubricants of a desired viscosity, that is, lubricants for bearings, gears, compressor cylinders, hydraulic fluids, etc.
1.2 This classification is applicable to fluids ranging in kinematic viscosity from 2 to 3200 cSt (mm2/s) as measured at a reference temperature of 40°C. In the category of petroleum-base fluids, this covers the range from kerosine to heavy cylinder oils.
1.3 Fluids of either lesser or greater viscosity than the range described in 1.2 are, at present, seldom used as industrial lubricants. Should industrial practices change, then this system, based on a mathematical series of numbers, may be extended to retain its orderly progression.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D2422 −97 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Classification of
Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This classification is applicable to all petroleum-base
3.1 This classification establishes a series of definite viscos-
fluid lubricants and to those nonpetroleum materials which
ity levels so that lubricant suppliers, lubricant users, and
may be readily blended to produce fluid lubricants of a desired
equipmentdesignerswillhaveauniformandcommonbasisfor
viscosity, that is, lubricants for bearings, gears, compressor
designating, specifying, or selecting the viscosity of industrial
cylinders, hydraulic fluids, etc.
fluid lubricants.
1.2 This classification is applicable to fluids ranging in
3.2 This classification is used to eliminate unjustified inter-
kinematic viscosity from 2 to 3200 cSt (mm /s) as measured at
mediate viscosities, thereby reducing the total number of
a reference temperature of 40°C. In the category of petroleum-
viscositygradesusedinthelubricationofindustrialequipment.
base fluids, this covers the range from kerosine to heavy
cylinder oils.
3.3 This system provides a suitable number of viscosity
grades, a uniform reference temperature, a uniform viscosity
1.3 Fluids of either lesser or greater viscosity than the range
tolerance, and a nomenclature system for identifying the
described in 1.2 are, at present, seldom used as industrial
viscosity characteristics of each grade.
lubricants.Shouldindustrialpracticeschange,thenthissystem,
basedonamathematicalseriesofnumbers,maybeextendedto
3.4 This system implies no evaluation of lubricant quality
retain its orderly progression.
and applies to no property of a fluid other than its viscosity at
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
the reference temperature. It does not apply to those lubricants
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
used primarily with automotive equipment and identified with
standard.
an SAE number.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Basis of Classification
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Twenty viscosity grades are given in Table 1.
D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid
Petroleum Products
4.2 Each grade shall be designated by its nominal viscosity
2.2 SAE Standard: at 40°C.
J 300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification
4.3 Thepermissiblevarianceinviscosityofeachgradeshall
2.3 ISO Standard:
be as shown in the two right-hand columns of Table 1. These
ISO 3448 Industrial Liquid Lubricants—ISOViscosity Clas-
limits are based upon a 610 % deviation from the mathemati-
sification
cal values which were used as the basis of construction of this
system.
4.4 The lubricant supplier may choose to exert a manufac-
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
turing control on a given product that is closer than this 610 %
D02.L0.11 on Tribiological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates.
tolerance. It is to be understood that any different percentage
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally
variation that he uses will still guarantee maximum and
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2422 – 97 (2007).
DOI: 10.1520/D2422-97R13.
minimum values that are not outside the limits of the standard
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
viscosity grade limits. However, the lubricant purchaser or the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
equipment designer shall not normally specify control closer
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
than the maximum and minimums established herein
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