ASTM D5434-97(2003)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock
Standard Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the type of information that should be recorded during field subsurface explorations in soil and rock.
1.2 This guide is not intended to specify all of the information required for preparing field logs. Such requirements will vary depending on the purpose of the investigation, the intended use of the field log, and particular needs of the client or user.
1.3 This guide is applicable to boreholes, auger holes, excavated pits, or other subsurface exposures such as road side cuts or stream banks. This guide may serve as a supplement to Guide D 420.
1.4 This guide may not be suited to all types of subsurface exploration such as mining, agricultural, geologic hazardous waste, or other special types of exploration.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care of which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5434 – 97 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Guide for
Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5434; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
1.1 This guide describes the type of information that should
D 1452 Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by
be recorded during field subsurface explorations in soil and
Auger Borings
rock.
D 1586 Method for Penetration Test and Split-Barrel Sam-
1.2 This guide is not intended to specify all of the informa-
pling of Soils
tion required for preparing field logs. Such requirements will
D 1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Geotechnical Sam-
vary depending on the purpose of the investigation, the
pling of Soils
intended use of the field log, and particular needs of the client
D 2113 Practice for Diamond Core Drilling for Site Inves-
or user.
tigation
1.3 This guide is applicable to boreholes, auger holes,
D 2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
excavated pits, or other subsurface exposures such as road side
(Visual-Manual Procedure)
cuts or stream banks. This guide may serve as a supplement to
D 2573 Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive
Guide D 420.
Soil
1.4 This guide may not be suited to all types of subsurface
D 3441 Test Method for Deep, Quasi-Static, Cone and
exploration such as mining, agricultural, geologic hazardous
Friction/Cone Penetration Tests of Soil
waste, or other special types of exploration.
D 3550 Practice for Ring-Lined Barrel Sampling of Soils
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 4083 Practice for Description of Frozen Soils (Visual-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Manual Procedure)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D 4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Samples
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D 4403 Practice for Extensometers Used in Rock
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information
D 4544 Practice for Estimating Peat Deposit Thickness
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
D 4622 Test Method for Rock Mass Monitoring Using
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
Inclinometers
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
D 4623 Test Method for Determination of In Situ Stress in
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
Rock Mass by Overcoring Method—USBM Borehole
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
Deformation Gage
sent or replace the standard of care of which the adequacy of
D 4633 Test Method for Stress Wave Energy Measurement
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
for Dynamic Penetrometer Testing Systems
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
D 4645 Test Method for Determination of the In-Situ Stress
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
in Rock Using the Hydraulic Fracturing Method
document means only that the document has been approved
D 4719 Test Method for Pressuremeter Testing in Soils
through the ASTM consensus process.
D 4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid
2. Referenced Documents
Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation
Well)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 4879 Guide for Geotechnical Mapping of Large Under-
D 420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering, De-
ground Openings in Rock
sign, and Construction Purposes
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of D18.07 onIdentification and Classification of Soils.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
Current edition approved December 10, 1997. Published July 1998. Originally
published as D 5434 – 93. Last previous edition D 5434 – 93.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5434 – 97 (2003)
D 5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock 6.1.2.5 Depth and size of completed exploration,
Core Samples
6.1.2.6 The condition of exploration prior to and after
backfilling or sealing, or both, and
3. Terminology
6.1.2.7 Method of backfilling or sealing exploration, or
3.1 Definitions:
both.
3.1.1 Except as listed below, all definitions are in accor-
6.1.3 Explorations by drill hole or auger hole should include
dance with Terminology D 653.
the following drilling information:
3.2 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:
6.1.3.1 Type and make (manufacture and model if known)
3.2.1 field log—a record prepared during subsurface explo-
of drilling machine or description and name of contractor,
rations of soil and rock to document procedures used, test data,
6.1.3.2 Method of drilling or advancing and cleaning the
descriptions of materials and depths where encountered,
borehole. State if air, water, or drilling fluid is used. Describe
ground water conditions, and other information.
type, source of water and additives, concentration, and tests
performed on fluid,
4. Summary of Guide
6.1.3.3 Size, type, and section length of drilling rods (rod
4.1 This guide describes the type of information that should
designations should conform with Table 3 of Method D 2113)
be recorded during the execution of field subsurface explora-
and drilling bits used.
tions in soil and rock. The information described relates to the
6.1.3.4 Dates and times of each stage of operation and time
project, personnel, methods of investigation and equipment
to complete intervals,
used, visual description of subsurface materials and ground
6.1.3.5 Size of hole (diameter and depth),
water conditions, in-situ testing, installation of monitoring
equipment, and other data that may be appropriate.
6.1.3.6 Ground elevation at top of borehole,
6.1.3.7 Orientation of drill hole, if not vertical (azimuth or
5. Significance and Use
bearing and angle),
5.1 The preparation of field logs provides documentation of
6.1.3.8 Size and description of casing, if appropriate,
field exploration procedures and findings for geotechnical,
method of casing installation (driven, drilled, or pushed) and
geologic, hydrogeologic, and other investigations of subsurface
depth of cased portion of boring (casing size designations
site conditions. This guide may be used for a broad range of
should conform with Table 2 of Method D 2113), hollow-stem
investigations.
augers,
5.2 The recorded information in a field log will depend on
6.1.3.9 Methods used for cleaning equipment or drilling
the specific purpose of the site investigation. All of the
tools, or both, when required, and
information given in this guide need not appear in all field logs.
6.1.3.10 Describe and state depth of any drilling pr
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