ASTM D3376-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Pulps to be Used in the Manufacture of Electrical Insulation
Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Pulps to be Used in the Manufacture of Electrical Insulation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
8.1 The conductivity of the water extract of electrical grade pulp results from electrolytic impurities in the pulp potentially present as ionizable acids, bases, salts, or a combination of these. The presence of electrolytic impurities in electrical insulation is undesirable as they tend to lower insulation resistance and have corrosion-producing tendencies under conditions of applied potential. When comparing test data, note that the extract conductivity of pulps, especially those of high purity, changes with time after manufacturing in some instances. This test is useful for routine acceptance testing, the comparison of different pulps, and research work.6
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and testing of cellulosic pulps for use in the manufacture of electrical insulating papers and boards or in the direct application of pulp fibers as insulation to electrical conductors.
Note 1: The significance of any one pulp property test method, as set forth herein, should be considered with discretion depending on the product made from the pulp.
1.2 Sections on Reagents, Sampling, and Report are integral parts of each of the individual test methods that follow.
1.3 Each test method is described as being a measure of either a bulk property of the pulp or a property of a handsheet formed from the pulp.
1.3.1 Bulk characteristics determinable by these procedures appear in the following sections:
Procedure
Sections
ASTM
Method
Reference
TAPPI
Method
Reference
Aqueous Extract Conductivity
8 and 9
D202
...
Aqueous Extract pH
10 and 11
D202
...
Aqueous Extractable
Acidity-Alkalinity
12 and 13
D202
...
Analysis of Ash for Cations by Atomic Absorption Spectro-
photometry
70 – 78
D1193 and D2576
...
Ash Content
79 – 82
D202
T 413
Dirt in Pulp
40 and 41
...
T 213
Fiber Analysis
23 and 24
D202 and D1030
...
Fiber Length of Pulp
42 and 43
...
T 232, T 233
Freeness (Canadian Standard Freeness)
53 and 54
...
T 227
Kappa Number/Permanganate Number (Substances
Oxidizable by Permanga-
nate)
27 and 28
...
T 236, UM 251
Laboratory Processing of Pulp (Beater Method)
51 and 52
...
T 200
Moisture in Pulp
31 – 33
...
T 210
Neutral Aqueous Extractable Hardness in Pulp
16 – 22
D202, D1126, and D2576
...
Pentosan Content of Pulp
29 and 30
...
T 223
Resistance of Pulp to
Disintegration (Standard
RPG)
44 – 50
...
T 239, UM 252
Shive Count
34 – 39
...
...
Solvent-Soluble Matter in Pulp
25 and 26
D202
...
Tensile Properties
65 – 69
D202
...
Water-Extractable Chlorides
14 and 15
D202
...
1.3.2 Handsheet characteristics determinable by these procedures appear in the following sections:
Procedure
Section
ASTM
Method
Reference
TAPPI
Method
Reference
Air Resistance (Porosity)
57 and 58
D202
T 205
Apparent Density
63 and 64
D202
T 205
Bursting Strength
59 and 60
D202 and D774/D774M
T 205
Folding Endurance (M.I.T.)
51 and 52
D202 and D2176
T 205
Forming Handsheets for Physical Tests of Pulp
55 and 56
...
T 205
Tensile Strength
65 and 66
D202 and D828
T 205
Note 2: Methods for Ash, Silica, selected cations from Ash, Heat Stability, α, β, and γ Cellulose, Viscosity, Total Chlorine, Tear, and Dissipation Factor and Relative Permittivity, will be considered for addition as methods are developed.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropri...
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Designation: D3376 − 14
Standard Test Methods of
Sampling and Testing Pulps to be Used in the Manufacture
1
of Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3376; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
Pentosan Content of Pulp 29 and 30 . T 223
Resistance of Pulp to 44–50 . T 239, UM 252
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and testing of
Disintegration (Standard
cellulosic pulps for use in the manufacture of electrical RPG)
Shive Count 34–39 . .
insulatingpapersandboardsorinthedirectapplicationofpulp
Solvent-Soluble Matter in Pulp 25 and 26 D202 .
fibers as insulation to electrical conductors.
Tensile Properties 65 – 69 D202 .
Water-Extractable Chlorides 14 and 15 D202 .
NOTE 1—The significance of any one pulp property test method, as set
forth herein, should be considered with discretion depending on the
1.3.2 Handsheet characteristics determinable by these pro-
product made from the pulp.
cedures appear in the following sections:
1.2 SectionsonReagents,Sampling,andReportareintegral
ASTM TAPPI
parts of each of the individual test methods that follow. Method Method
Procedure Section Reference Reference
1.3 Each test method is described as being a measure of
Air Resistance (Porosity) 57 and 58 D202 T 205
either a bulk property of the pulp or a property of a handsheet
Apparent Density 63 and 64 D202 T 205
formed from the pulp.
Bursting Strength 59 and 60 D202 and D774/ T 205
1.3.1 Bulk characteristics determinable by these procedures
D774M
Folding Endurance (M.I.T.) 51 and 52 D202 and D2176 T 205
appear in the following sections:
Forming Handsheets for 55 and 56 . T 205
ASTM TAPPI
Physical Tests of Pulp
Method Method
Tensile Strength 65 and 66 D202 and D828 T 205
Procedure Sections Reference Reference
NOTE 2—Methods for Ash, Silica, selected cations from Ash, Heat
Aqueous Extract Conductivity 8 and 9 D202 .
Stability, α, β, and γ Cellulose, Viscosity, Total Chlorine, Tear, and
Aqueous Extract pH 10 and 11 D202 .
Dissipation Factor and Relative Permittivity, will be considered for
Aqueous Extractable 12 and 13 D202 .
addition as methods are developed.
Acidity-Alkalinity
Analysis of Ash for Cations by 70 – 78 D1193 and D2576 .
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Atomic Absorption Spectro-
photometry
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Ash Content 79 – 82 D202 T 413
only.
Dirt in Pulp 40 and 41 . T 213
Fiber Analysis 23 and 24 D202 and D1030 .
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Fiber Length of Pulp 42 and 43 . T 232, T 233
Freeness (Canadian Standard 53 and 54 . T 227 safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Freeness)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Kappa Number/Permanganate 27 and 28 . T 236, UM 251
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Number (Substances
Oxidizable by Permanga-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
nate)
Laboratory Processing of Pulp 51 and 52 . T 200
2. Referenced Documents
(Beater Method)
Moisture in Pulp 31–33 . T 210
2
Neutral Aqueous Extractable 16 – 22 D202, D1126, and . 2.1 ASTM Standards:
Hardness in Pulp D2576
D202Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated
Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D09.01 on Electrical Insulating Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D3376–88(2009). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D3376–14. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D3376 − 14
NOTE3—Electricalinsulationmadefrompulpmaybepapersorboards
D774/D774MTest Method for Bursting Strength of Paper
3
used for capacitors, transformer coils, creped papers, and so forth. It may
(Withdrawn 2010)
also be pulp applied directly onto electrical conductors.
D828Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and
3.2.4 resistance to disintegration, n—the amount of work
Pape
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3376 − 88 (Reapproved 2009) D3376 − 14
Standard Test Methods of
Sampling and Testing Pulps to be Used in the Manufacture
1
of Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3376; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and testing of cellulosic pulps for use in the manufacture of electrical insulating
papers and boards or in the direct application of pulp fibers as insulation to electrical conductors.
NOTE 1—The significance of any one pulp property test method, as set forth herein, should be considered with discretion depending on the product
made from the pulp.
1.2 Sections on Reagents, Sampling, and Report are integral parts of each of the individual test methods that follow.
1.3 Each test method is described as being a measure of either a bulk property of the pulp or a property of a handsheet formed
from the pulp.
1.3.1 Bulk characteristics determinable by these procedures appear in the following sections:
ASTM TAPPI
Sec- Method Method
Procedure tions Reference Reference
ASTM TAPPI
Method Method
Procedure Sections Reference Reference
Aqueous Extract Conductivity 8 and 9 D202 .
Aqueous Extract Conductivity 8 and 9 D202 .
Aqueous Extract pH 10 and D202 .
11
Aqueous Extract pH 10 and D202 .
11
Aqueous Extractable 12 and D202 .
Acidity- Alkalinity 13
Aqueous Extractable 12 and D202 .
Acidity-Alkalinity 13
Analysis of Ash for Cations by 73 – 81 D1193 and D2576 .
Atomic Absorption Spectro-
photometry
Analysis of Ash for Cations by 70 – 78 D1193 and D2576 .
Atomic Absorption Spectro-
photometry
Ash Content 82 – 85 D202 T 413
Ash Content 79 – 82 D202 T 413
Dirt in Pulp 42 and . T 213
43
Dirt in Pulp 40 and . T 213
41
Fiber Analysis 24 and D202 and D1030 .
25
Fiber Analysis 23 and D202 and D1030 .
24
Fiber Length of Pulp 44 and . T 232,
45 T 233
Fiber Length of Pulp 42 and . T 232,
43 T 233
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.19 on Dielectric Sheet and Roll Products.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009Nov. 1, 2014. Published February 2010November 2014. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20052009
as D3776 – 88D3376 – 88 (2009). (2005). DOI: 10.1520/D3376–88R09.10.1520/D3376–14.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3376 − 14
Freeness (Canadian Standard 56 and . T 227
Freeness) 57
Freeness (Canadian Standard 53 and . T 227
Freeness) 54
Kappa Number/Permanganate 28 and . T 236,
Number (Substances 29 UM 251
Oxi dizable by Permangan-
ate)
Kappa Number/Permanganate 27 and . T 236,
Number (Substances 28 UM 251
Oxidizable by Permanga-
nate)
Laboratory Processing of Pulp 54 and . T 200
(Beater Method) 55
Laboratory Processing of Pulp 51 and . T 200
(Beater Method) 52
Moisture in Pulp 32 – 34 . T 210
Moisture in Pulp 31 – 33 . T 210
Neutral Aqueous Extractable 16 – 23 D202, D1126, and .
Hardness in Pulp D2576
Neutral Aqueous Extractable 16 – 22 D202, D1126, and .
Hardness in Pulp D2576
Pentosan Content of Pulp 30 and . T 223
31
Pentosan Content of Pulp 29 and . T 223
30
Resistance of Pulp to 46 – 53 . T 239,
Disinte gration (Standard UM 252
RPG)
Resistance of Pulp to 44 – 50 . T 239,
Disintegration (Standard UM 252
RPG)
Shive Count 35 – 41 . .
Shive Count 34 – 39 . .
Solvent-Soluble Matter in Pulp 26 and D202 .
27
Solvent-Soluble Matter in Pulp 25 and D202 .
26
Tensile Properties 68 – 72 D202 .
Tensile Properties 65 – 69 D202 .
Water-Extractable Chlorides 14 and D202 .
15
Water-Extractable Chlorides 14 and D202 .
15
1.3.2 Handsheet characteristics determinable by these procedures appear in the following sections:
ASTM TAPPI
Sec- Method Method
Procedure tion Reference Reference
ASTM TAPPI
Method Method
Procedure Section Reference Reference
Air Resistance (Porosity) 60 and D202 T 205
61
Air Resistance (Porosity) 57 and D202 T 205
58
Apparent Density 66 and D202 T 205
67
Apparent Density 63 and D20
...
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