ASTM E2533-16a
(Guide)Standard Guide for Nondestructive Testing of Polymer Matrix Composites Used in Aerospace Applications
Standard Guide for Nondestructive Testing of Polymer Matrix Composites Used in Aerospace Applications
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide references requirements that are intended to control the quality of NDT data. The purpose of this guide, therefore, is not to establish acceptance criteria and therefore approve composite materials or components for aerospace service.
5.2 Certain procedures referenced in the guide are written so they can be specified on the engineering drawing, specification, purchase order, or contract, for example, Practice E1742 (Radiography).
5.3 Acceptance Criteria—Determination about whether a composite material or component meets acceptance criteria and is suitable for aerospace service must be made by the cognizant engineering organization. When examinations are performed in accordance with the referenced documents in this guide, the engineering drawing, specification, purchase order, or contract shall indicate the acceptance criteria.
5.3.1 Accept/reject criteria shall consist of a listing of the expected kinds of imperfections and the rejection level for each.
5.3.2 The classification of the articles under test into zones for various accept/reject criteria shall be determined from contractual documents.
5.3.3 Rejection of Composite Articles—If the type, size, or quantities of defects are found to be outside the allowable limits specified by the drawing, purchase order, or contract, the composite article shall be separated from acceptable articles, appropriately identified as discrepant, and submitted for material review by the cognizant engineering organization, and dispositioned as (1) acceptable as is, (2) subject to further rework or repair to make the materials or component acceptable, or (3) scrapped when required by contractual documents.
5.3.4 Acceptance criteria and interpretation of result shall be defined in requirements documents prior to performing the examination. Advance agreement should be reached between the purchaser and supplier regarding the interpretation of the results of the examinations. All discontinuities having sig...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information to help engineers select appropriate nondestructive testing (NDT) methods to characterize aerospace polymer matrix composites (PMCs). This guide does not intend to describe every inspection technology. Rather, emphasis is placed on established NDT methods that have been developed into consensus standards and that are currently used by industry. Specific practices and test methods are not described in detail, but are referenced. The referenced NDT practices and test methods have demonstrated utility in quality assurance of PMCs during process design and optimization, process control, after manufacture inspection, in-service inspection, and health monitoring.
1.2 This guide does not specify accept-reject criteria and is not intended to be used as a means for approving composite materials or components for service.
1.3 This guide covers the following established NDT methods as applied to PMCs: Acoustic Emission (AE, 7), Computed Tomography (CT, 8), Leak Testing (LT, 9), Radiographic Testing, Computed Radiography, Digital Radiography, and Radioscopy (RT, CR, DR, RTR, 10), Shearography (11), Strain Measurement (contact methods, 12), Thermography (13), Ultrasonic Testing (UT, 14), and Visual Testing (VT, 15).
1.4 The value of this guide consists of the narrative descriptions of general procedures and significance and use sections for established NDT practices and test methods as applied to PMCs. Additional information is provided about the use of currently active standard documents (an emphasis is placed on applicable standard guides, practices, and test methods of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing), geometry and size considerations, safety and hazards considerations, and information about physical reference standards.
1.5 To ensure proper use of the referenced standard documents, there are recognized NDT specialists that are certified in accordance with industry and c...
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Designation: E2533 − 16a
Standard Guide for
Nondestructive Testing of Polymer Matrix Composites Used
1
in Aerospace Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2533; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope certified in accordance with industry and company NDT
specifications. It is recommended that a NDT specialist be a
1.1 Thisguideprovidesinformationtohelpengineersselect
part of any composite component design, quality assurance,
appropriate nondestructive testing (NDT) methods to charac-
in-service maintenance or damage examination.
terize aerospace polymer matrix composites (PMCs). This
guide does not intend to describe every inspection technology. 1.6 This guide summarizes the application of NDT proce-
Rather, emphasis is placed on established NDT methods that
durestofiber-andfabric-reinforcedpolymericmatrixcompos-
have been developed into consensus standards and that are ites. The composites of interest are primarily, but not exclu-
currently used by industry. Specific practices and test methods
sively limited to those containing high modulus (greater than
6
are not described in detail, but are referenced. The referenced 20GPa(3×10 psi))fibers.Furthermore,anemphasisisplaced
NDT practices and test methods have demonstrated utility in
on composites with continuous (versus discontinuous) fiber
quality assurance of PMCs during process design and reinforcement.
optimization, process control, after manufacture inspection,
1.7 This guide is applicable to PMCs containing but not
in-service inspection, and health monitoring.
limited to bismaleimide, epoxy, phenolic, poly(amide imide),
1.2 This guide does not specify accept-reject criteria and is
polybenzimidazole, polyester (thermosetting and
not intended to be used as a means for approving composite thermoplastic), poly(ether ether ketone), poly(ether imide),
materials or components for service.
polyimide (thermosetting and thermoplastic), poly(phenylene
sulfide), or polysulfone matrices; and alumina, aramid, boron,
1.3 This guide covers the following established NDT meth-
carbon, glass, quartz, or silicon carbide fibers.
odsasappliedtoPMCs:AcousticEmission(AE,7),Computed
Tomography (CT, 8), Leak Testing (LT, 9), Radiographic
1.8 The composite materials considered herein include uni-
Testing, Computed Radiography, Digital Radiography, and
axial laminae, cross-ply laminates, angle-ply laminates, and
Radioscopy(RT,CR,DR,RTR,10),Shearography(11),Strain
structural sandwich constructions. The composite components
Measurement (contact methods, 12), Thermography (13), Ul-
made therefrom include filament-wound pressure vessels,
trasonic Testing (UT, 14), and Visual Testing (VT, 15).
flight control surfaces, and various structural composites.
1.4 Thevalueofthisguideconsistsofthenarrativedescrip-
1.9 For current and potential NDT procedures for finding
tions of general procedures and significance and use sections
indications of discontinuities in the composite overwrap in
for established NDT practices and test methods as applied to
filament-wound pressure vessels, also known as composite
PMCs. Additional information is provided about the use of
overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs), refer to Guide E2981.
currently active standard documents (an emphasis is placed on
1.10 ForasummaryoftheapplicationofdestructiveASTM
applicable standard guides, practices, and test methods of
standard practices and test methods (and other supporting
ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing), geometry
standards)tocontinuous-fiberreinforcedPMCs,refertoGuide
andsizeconsiderations,safetyandhazardsconsiderations,and
D4762.
information about physical reference standards.
1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
1.5 To ensure proper use of the referenced standard
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
documents, there are recognized NDT specialists that are
information only.
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1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
tiveTesting and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on Specialized
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
NDT Methods.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. Originally
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E2533–16. DOI:
10.1520/E253
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2533 − 16 E2533 − 16a
Standard Guide for
Nondestructive Testing of Polymer Matrix Composites Used
1
in Aerospace Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2533; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides information to help engineers select appropriate nondestructive testing (NDT) methods to characterize
aerospace polymer matrix composites (PMCs). This guide does not intend to describe every inspection technology. Rather,
emphasis is placed on established NDT methods that have been developed into consensus standards and that are currently used
by industry. Specific practices and test methods are not described in detail, but are referenced. The referenced NDT practices and
test methods have demonstrated utility in quality assurance of PMCs during process design and optimization, process control, after
manufacture inspection, in-service inspection, and health monitoring.
1.2 This guide does not specify accept-reject criteria and is not intended to be used as a means for approving composite
materials or components for service.
1.3 This guide covers the following established NDT methods as applied to PMCs: Acoustic Emission (AE, 7), Computed
Tomography (CT, 8), Leak Testing (LT, 9), Radiographic Testing, Computed Radiography, Digital Radiography, and Radioscopy
(RT, CR, DR, RTR, 10), Shearography (11), Strain Measurement (contact methods, 12), Thermography (13), Ultrasonic Testing
(UT, 14), and Visual Testing (VT, 15).
1.4 The value of this guide consists of the narrative descriptions of general procedures and significance and use sections for
established NDT practices and test methods as applied to PMCs. Additional information is provided about the use of currently
active standard documents (an emphasis is placed on applicable standard guides, practices, and test methods of ASTM Committee
E07 on Nondestructive Testing), geometry and size considerations, safety and hazards considerations, and information about
physical reference standards.
1.5 To ensure proper use of the referenced standard documents, there are recognized NDT specialists whothat are certified in
accordance with industry and company NDT specifications. It is recommended that a NDT specialist be a part of any composite
component design, quality assurance, in-service maintenance or damage examination.
1.6 This guide summarizes the application of NDT methodsprocedures to fiber- and fabric-reinforced polymeric matrix
composites. The composites of interest are primarily, but not exclusively limited to those containing high modulus (greater than
6
20 GPa (3×10 psi)) fibers. Furthermore, an emphasis is placed on composites with continuous (versus discontinuous) fiber
reinforcement.
1.7 This guide is applicable to polymeric matrix composites PMCs containing but not limited to bismaleimide, epoxy, phenolic,
poly(amide imide), polybenzimidazole, polyester (thermosetting and thermoplastic), poly(ether ether ketone), poly(ether imide),
polyimide (thermosetting and thermoplastic), poly(phenylene sulfide), or polysulfone matrices; and alumina, aramid, boron,
carbon, glass, quartz, or silicon carbide fibers.
1.8 The composite materials considered herein include uniaxial laminae, cross-ply laminates, angle-ply laminates, and structural
sandwich constructions. The composite components made therefrom include filament-wound pressure vessels, flight control
surfaces, and various structural composites.
1.9 For current and potential NDT procedures for finding indications of discontinuities in the composite overwrap in
filament-wound pressure vessels, also known as composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs), refer to Guide E2981.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on Specialized NDT
Methods.
Current edition approved July 1, 2016Dec. 1, 2016. Published October 2016January 2017. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
E2533–09.–16. DOI: 10.1520/E2533-16.10.1520/E2533-16a.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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