ASTM D4400-99(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using a Multinotch Applicator
Standard Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using a Multinotch Applicator
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Evaluation of sag resistance is essential in quality control for both producers and purchasers of coatings. Practical application tests are poor in reproducibility, while viscometric methods, for example Test Methods D 2196, are time-consuming and lack the convincing aspect of actual sagging. This method provides simple and rapid tests, whereby sag resistance is demonstrated by a visible sag pattern, and is rated objectively in terms of numerical values that correlate with brushout test observations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the sag resistance of aqueous and nonaqueous liquid coatings at any level of sag resistance.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4400–99(Reapproved2007)
Standard Test Method for
Sag Resistance of Paints Using a Multinotch Applicator
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4400; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The multinotch applicator used in this test method is a drawdown blade with a series of notches of
successively higher clearance, referred to as the Anti-Sag Meter. See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 for a
representative diagram and photograph. The numerical value for sag resistance obtained with this
instrument is referred to as the Anti-Sag Index.
Anti-Sag Meters are made with several clearance ranges for different types of coatings (see 5.1 and
Table 1). In developing this standard the task group used an instrument with a range from 4 to 24 mils,
but the method is applicable to any clearance range, and results using instruments with overlapping
ranges correlate and have equal validity.
The basic method was developed in 1962 and is referenced in U.S. Federal specifications
TT-E-508, TT-E-506, and TT-P-1511.
Apreshear program is essential for a drawdown sag test to duplicate the breakdown in structure that
occurs when thixotropic paints are applied by brushout or other practical application methods. The
procedures therefore include the preshearing of paints just prior to making test applications.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
thesagresistanceofaqueousandnonaqueousliquidcoatingsat D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
any level of sag resistance. Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Vis-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the cometer
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information 2.2 U.S. Federal Specifications:
only. Fed. Spec. TT-E-508 Alkyd semi-gloss enamel
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the Fed. Spec. TT-E-506 Alkyd gloss enamel
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Fed. Spec. TT-P-1511 Interior latex gloss and semi-gloss
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- finishes
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 After preshearing, the coating is applied to a test chart
with a multinotch applicator. The charts are immediately hung
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D4400 – 99. DOI: the ASTM website.
10.1520/D4400-99R07. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
“Design of an Improved Sag Tester,” Offıcial Digest, Vol 34, No. 453, October Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
1962. www.dodssp.daps.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4400–99 (2007)
FIG. 1 Diagram of the Medium Range Anti-Sag Meter
Select a clearance range suitable for the type of coating under
test in accordance with Table 1.
5.2 Test Surfaces, sealed, smooth-surfaced paper test charts,
with sizes and designs as follows:
5.2.1 Black and White Charts, about 193 by 288 mm (7 ⁄8
3 1
by 11 ⁄8 in.), the black area comprising about 140 mm (5 ⁄2 in.)
centered on the drawdown path.Achart of this design is shown
in Figs. 3 and 4.
FIG. 2 Medium Range Anti-Sag Meter
5.2.2 Plain White Charts, about 193 by 285 mm (7 ⁄8 by
11 ⁄4 in.).
vertically with the drawdown stripes horizontal, similar to 5.3 Glass Drawdown Plate, plus straightedge guide for
rungs of a ladder, with the thinnest stripe at the top. After attachment thereto.
dryinginthisposition,thedrawdownisexaminedandratedfor 5.4 Catch-papers, thin sheets of sealed paper, for catching
sagging. A typical sag pattern obtained by this procedure is
surplus paint at the completion of a drawdown.
shown in Fig. 3. 5.5 Equipment for the Preshearing of Aqueous Coatings:
5.5.1 Syringe, 10-mL, disposable plastic type.
4. Significance and Use 1
5.5.2 Syringe Needle,15gby40mm(1 ⁄2 in.) to fit syringe.
4.1 Evaluation of sag resistance is essential in quality
5.5.3 Syringe Extension Tubing, clear vinyl, inside diameter
1 3
controlforbothproducersandpurchasersofcoatings.Practical 3.2 mm ( ⁄8 in.), outside diameter 5 mm ( ⁄6 in.).
application tests are poor in reproducibility, while viscometric 5.6 Equipment for the Preshearing of Nonaqueous Coat-
methods, for example Test Methods D2196, are time- ings:
consuming and lack the convincing aspect of actual sagging. 5.6.1 Rotary Mechanical Stirrer, variable speed.
This method provides simple and rapid tests, whereby sag 5.6.2 Circular Mixing Paddle, diameter approximately 48
resistance is demonstrated by a visible sag pattern, and is rated mm (1 ⁄8 in.).
objectively in terms of numerical values that correlate with 5.6.3 Mixing Container, cylindrical jar or can with capacity
brushout test observations. of up to 500 mL (1 pt).
6. Procedure
5. Apparatus
6.1 Preparation of Sample:
5.1 Multinotch Applicator, Anti-Sag Meter , a drawdown
6.1.1 Stirthoroughlywithaspatulaintheoriginalcontainer.
blade with a series of notches of successively higher clearance.
6.1.2 Strain if necessary to remove large particles or skins.
6.1.3 Adjust the temperature of the coating to 23 6 2°C
The sole source of supply of the anti-sag meter known to the committee at this
(73.5 6 3.5°F).
time is The Leneta Co., 15 Whitney Rd., Mahwah, NJ 07430. If you are aware of
6.2 Preshearing with Syringe and Needle (Aqueous Coat-
alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International
ings):
Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. 6.2.1 Prepare the paint as described in 6.1.
D4400–99 (2007)
TABLE 1 Anti-Sag Meters—Available Ranges
A
Range For Coating Type: Notch Clearances
ASM-1 Standard Solvent-borne architectural Mils 3456789 10 11 12
µm 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
ASM-2 Low Industrial O.E.M. coatings Mils 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
µm 25 38 50 63 75 88 100 113 125 138 150
ASM-3 High High build coatings Mils 14 16 18 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60
µm 350 400 450 500 625 750 875 1000 1125 1250 1500
ASM-4 Medium Water borne architectural Mils 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
µm 100 150 200 250 300 350 4
...
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