ASTM D7309-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Flammability Characteristics of Plastics and Other Solid Materials Using Microscale Combustion Calorimetry
Standard Test Method for Determining Flammability Characteristics of Plastics and Other Solid Materials Using Microscale Combustion Calorimetry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This laboratory test method measures thermal combustion properties of materials (1-5).3
5.2 The test uses controlled thermal decomposition of specimens and thermal oxidation of the specimen gases as they are released from the specimen to simulate the condensed and gas phase processes of flaming combustion, respectively, in a small-scale laboratory test (1-7).
5.3 The thermal combustion properties measured in the test are related to flammability characteristics of the material (4-7).
5.4 The amount of heat released in flaming combustion per unit mass of material is the fire load and the potential fire load (complete combustion) is estimated in Method A as hc.
5.5 The net calorific value of the material (see Test Method D5865) is determined directly using Method B as hco without the need to know the atomic composition of the specimen to correct for the latent heat of evaporation of the water produced by combustion, or to perform titrations to correct for the heat of solution of acid gases. See Table X1.2 for comparison of Microscale Combustion Calorimetry (MCC) data with Test Method D5865.
5.6 The heat release temperature Tmax of Method A approximates the surface temperature at piloted ignition in accordance with Ref. (5-7) for purposes of fire modeling (See Guide E1591).
5.7 The heat release capacity ηc (J/g-K) is a flammability parameter measured in Method A that is unique to this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, which is similar to thermal analysis techniques, establishes a procedure for determining flammability characteristics of combustible materials such as plastics.
1.2 The test is conducted in a laboratory environment using controlled heating of milligram specimens and complete thermal oxidation of the specimen gases.
1.3 Specimens of known mass are thermally decomposed in an oxygen-free (anaerobic) or oxidizing (aerobic) environment at a constant heating rate between 0.2 and 2 K/s.
1.4 The heat released by the specimen is determined from the mass of oxygen consumed to completely oxidize (combust) the specimen gases.
1.5 The rate of heat released by combustion of the specimen gases produced during controlled thermal or thermoxidative decomposition of the specimen is computed from the rate of oxygen consumption.
1.6 The specimen temperatures over which combustion heat is released are measured.
1.7 The mass of specimen remaining after the test is measured and used to compute the residual mass fraction.
1.8 The specimen shall be a material or composite material in any form (fiber, film, powder, pellet, droplet). This test method has been developed to facilitate material development and research.
1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
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Designation: D7309 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Determining Flammability Characteristics of Plastics and
Other Solid Materials Using Microscale Combustion
1
Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7309; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method, which is similar to thermal analysis
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
techniques, establishes a procedure for determining flamma-
bility characteristics of combustible materials such as plastics.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
1.2 The test is conducted in a laboratory environment using
2. Referenced Documents
controlled heating of milligram specimens and complete ther-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mal oxidation of the specimen gases.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1.3 Specimens of known mass are thermally decomposed in
D5865 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and
an oxygen-free (anaerobic) or oxidizing (aerobic) environment
Coke
at a constant heating rate between 0.2 and 2 K/s.
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
1.4 The heat released by the specimen is determined from
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
themassofoxygenconsumedtocompletelyoxidize(combust)
ASTM Test Methods
the specimen gases.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.5 Therateofheatreleasedbycombustionofthespecimen
E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differen-
gases produced during controlled thermal or thermoxidative
tial Scanning Calorimeters and Differential ThermalAna-
decomposition of the specimen is computed from the rate of
lyzers
oxygen consumption.
E1591 Guide for Obtaining Data for Fire Growth Models
1.6 Thespecimentemperaturesoverwhichcombustionheat
is released are measured.
3. Terminology
1.7 The mass of specimen remaining after the test is
3.1 Definitions:
measured and used to compute the residual mass fraction.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to plastics, refer to
Terminology D883.
1.8 The specimen shall be a material or composite material
3.1.2 For definitions of terms relating to fire, refer to
in any form (fiber, film, powder, pellet, droplet). This test
Terminology E176.
method has been developed to facilitate material development
and research.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 combustion residue, n—the non-volatile chemical spe-
1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the
cies remaining after controlled thermal oxidative decomposi-
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
tion of a specimen.
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
3.2.2 combustion temperature, n—the specimen tempera-
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
tureatwhichthespecificcombustionrateisamaximumduring
actual fire conditions.
controlled thermal oxidative decomposition.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.3 controlled heating, n—a controlled temperature pro-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
gramusedtoeffectthermaldecompositionoroxidativethermal
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
2
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7309 – 11. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7309-13. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7309 − 13
decomposition in which the temperature of the specimen is
m = residual specimen mass after oxidative pyrolysis, g
c
uniform throughout and increases with time at a constant rate.
m = residual specimen mass after the anaerobic
p
pyrolysis, g
3.2.4 controlled thermal (or thermal oxidative)
∆[O ] = the change in the concentration (volume fraction)
decomposition, n—thermal (oxidative) decomposition under 2
of O in the gas stream due to combustion mea-
controlled heating. 2
3 3
sured at the oxygen se
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7309 − 11 D7309 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Determining Flammability Characteristics of Plastics and
Other Solid Materials Using Microscale Combustion
1
Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7309; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method, which is similar to thermal analysis techniques, establishes a procedure for determining flammability
characteristics of combustible materials such as plastics.
1.2 The test is conducted in a laboratory environment using controlled heating of milligram specimens and complete thermal
oxidation of the specimen gases.
1.3 Specimens of known mass are thermally decomposed in an oxygen-free (anaerobic) or oxidizing (aerobic) environment at
a constant heating rate between 0.2 and 2 K/s.
1.4 The heat released by the specimen is determined from the mass of oxygen consumed to completely oxidize (combust) the
specimen gases.
1.5 The rate of heat released by combustion of the specimen gases produced during controlled thermal or thermoxidative
decomposition of the specimen is computed from the rate of oxygen consumption.
1.6 The specimen temperatures over which combustion heat is released are measured.
1.7 The mass of specimen remaining after the test is measured and used to compute the residual mass fraction.
1.8 The specimen shall be a material or composite material in any form (fiber, film, powder, pellet, droplet). This test method
has been developed to facilitate material development and research.
1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D5865 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differential Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Analyzers
E1591 Guide for Obtaining Data for Fire Growth Models
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2011Nov. 1, 2013. Published October 2011November 2013. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20072011
as D7309 – 07a.D7309 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D7309-11.10.1520/D7309-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7309 − 13
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to plastics, refer to Terminology D883.
3.1.2 For definitions of terms relating to fire, refer to Terminology E176.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 combustion residue, n—the non-volatile chemical species remaining after controlled thermal oxidative decomposition of
a specimen.
3.2.2 combustion temperature, n—the specimen temperature at which the specific combustion rate is a maximum during
controlled thermal oxidative decomposition.
3.2.3 controlled heating, n—a controlled temperature program used to effect thermal decomposition or oxidative thermal
decomposition in which the temperature of the specimen is uniform throughout and increases with time at a constant rate.
3.2.4 co
...
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