ASTM D5409-93(1998)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a Ground-Water Site; Part Two-Physical Descriptors
Standard Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a Ground-Water Site; Part Two-Physical Descriptors
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is Part Two of three guides to be used in conjunction with Practice D5254 that delineates the data desirable to describe a ground-water data collection or sampling site. This guide identifies physical descriptors, such as construction and geologic elements, for a site. Part One (Guide D5408) describes additional information beyond the minimum set of data elements that may be specified to identify any individual ground-water site, while Part Three identifies usage descriptors, such as monitoring, for an individual ground-water site. Note 1-A ground-water site is defined as any source, location, or sampling station capable of producing water or hydrologic data from a natural stratum from below the surface of the earth. A source or facility can include a well, spring or seep, and drain or tunnel (nearly horizontal in orientation). Other sources, such as excavations, driven devices, bore holes, ponds, lakes, and sinkholes, that can be shown to be hydraulically connected to the ground water, are appropriate for the use intended. Note 2-Part One (Guide D5408) includes data confidence classification descriptor (one element), geographic location descriptors (four elements), political regime descriptor (one element), source identifier descriptors (four elements), legal descriptors (nine elements), owner descriptors (two elements), site visit descriptors (three elements), other identification descriptors (two elements), other data descriptors (three elements), and remarks descriptors (three elements). Part Three (Guide D5410) includes monitoring descriptors (77 data elements), irrigation descriptors (four data elements), waste site descriptors (nine data elements), and decommissioning descriptors (eight data elements). For a list of descriptors in this guide, see Section 3.
1.2 These data elements are described in terms used by ground-water hydrologists. Standard references, such as the Glossary of Geology (1) and various hydrogeologic professional publications, are used to determine these definitions. Many of the suggested elements and their representative codes are those established by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey and used in the National Water Information Systems computerized data base (1-19). Note 3-The purpose of this guide is to suggest data elements that can be collected for ground-water sites. This does not uniquely imply a computer data base, but rather data elements for entry into any type of permanent file. Note 4-Component and code lists given with some of the data elements, for example "Type of Spring," are only suggestions. These lists can be modified, expanded, or reduced for the purpose intended by the company or agency maintaining the ground-water data file. Note 5-Use of trade names in this guide is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by ASTM.
1.3 This guide includes the data elements desirable to document a ground-water site beyond those given in the "Minimum Set of Data Elements." Some examples of the data elements are well depth, contributing aquifer, and permanence of spring. No single site will need every data element, for example, springs do not need well depth and well casing data. Each record (group of related data elements) for a site has mandatory data elements, such as the type of lift for the lift record. However, these elements are considered necessary only when that specific record is gathered for the site.
1.4 The values given in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 5409 – 93 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Guide for
Set of Data Elements to Describe a Ground-Water Site; Part
Two—Physical Descriptors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5409; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 3—The purpose of this guide is to suggest data elements that can
1. Scope
be collected for ground-water sites. This does not uniquely imply a
1.1 This guide is Part Two of three guides to be used in
computer data base, but rather data elements for entry into any type of
conjunction with Practice D 5254 that delineates the data
permanent file.
desirable to describe a ground-water data collection or sam-
NOTE 4—Component and code lists given with some of the data
pling site. This guide identifies physical descriptors, such as elements, for example“ Type of Spring,” are only suggestions. These lists
can be modified, expanded, or reduced for the purpose intended by the
construction and geologic elements, for a site. Part One (Guide
company or agency maintaining the ground-water data file.
D 5408) describes additional information beyond the minimum
NOTE 5—Use of trade names in this guide is for identification purposes
set of data elements that may be specified to identify any
only and does not constitute endorsement by ASTM.
individual ground-water site, while Part Three identifies usage
1.3 This guide includes the data elements desirable to
descriptors, such as monitoring, for an individual ground-water
document a ground-water site beyond those given in the
site.
“Minimum Set of Data Elements.” Some examples of the data
NOTE 1—A ground-water site is defined as any source, location, or
elements are well depth, contributing aquifer, and permanence
sampling station capable of producing water or hydrologic data from a
of spring. No single site will need every data element, for
natural stratum from below the surface of the earth. A source or facility
example, springs do not need well depth and well casing data.
can include a well, spring or seep, and drain or tunnel (nearly horizontal
Each record (group of related data elements) for a site has
in orientation). Other sources, such as excavations, driven devices, bore
holes, ponds, lakes, and sinkholes, that can be shown to be hydraulically mandatory data elements, such as the type of lift for the lift
connected to the ground water, are appropriate for the use intended.
record. However, these elements are considered necessary only
NOTE 2—Part One (Guide D 5408) includes data confidence classifica-
when that specific record is gathered for the site.
tion descriptor (one element), geographic location descriptors (four
1.4 The values given in either inch-pound units or SI units
elements), political regime descriptor (one element), source identifier
are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given
descriptors (four elements), legal descriptors (nine elements), owner
in parentheses are for information only.
descriptors (two elements), site visit descriptors (three elements), other
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
identification descriptors (two elements), other data descriptors (three
elements), and remarks descriptors (three elements). Part Three (Guide safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D 5410) includes monitoring descriptors (77 data elements), irrigation
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
descriptors (four data elements), waste site descriptors (nine data ele-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ments), and decommissioning descriptors (eight data elements). For a list
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of descriptors in this guide, see Section 3.
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information
1.2 These data elements are described in terms used by
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
ground-water hydrologists. Standard references, such as the
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
Glossary of Geology (1) and various hydrogeologic profes-
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
sional publications, are used to determine these definitions.
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
Many of the suggested elements and their representative codes
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
are those established by the Water Resources Division of the
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
U.S. Geological Survey and used in the National Water
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
Information Systems computerized data base (1-19).
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
document means only that the document has been approved
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and
through the ASTM consensus process.
Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water and
Vadose Zone Investigations.
2. Referenced Documents
Current edition approved May 15, 1993. Published November 1993.
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the text.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5409
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Construction Record Group:
Construction Record:
Fluids
Date Construction Began
D 2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
Date Construction Ended
(Visual—Manual Procedure)
Name of Contractor
Source of Construction Data
D 5254 Practice for the Minimum Set of Data Elements to
Method of Construction
Identify a Ground-Water Site
Type of Drilling Fluid
D 5408 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a
Volume of Drilling Fluid
Type of Finish
Ground-Water Site; Part One—Additional Identification
Type of Seal
Descriptors
Depth to Bottom of Seal
D 5410 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a Method of Development
Length of Time of Development
Ground-Water Site; Part Three—Usage Descriptors
Volume of Liquid Removed During Development
Special Treatment
3. Terminology
Hole Record:
Depth to Top of the Hole Interval
3.1 Definitions:
Depth to Bottom of the Hole Interval
3.1.1 For definitions of terms applicable to this guide, see
Diameter of the Hole Interval
Terminology D 653.
Casing Record:
Depth to Top of the Cased Interval
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Depth to Bottom of the Cased Interval
3.2.1 code—a suggested abbreviation for a component, for
Diameter of the Cased Interval
example, 88G” is the code suggested for the galvanized iron
Casing Material
Casing Thickness
component of data element casing material.
Opening or Screen Record:
3.2.2 component—a subdivision of a data element, for
Depth to Top of the Open Interval
example, galvanized iron is one of 30 components suggested Depth to Bottom of the Open Interval
Diameter of the Open Interval
for data element casing material.
Type of Material in the Open/Screened Interval
3.2.3 data element—an individual segment of information
Type of Openings in the Open Interval
about a ground-water site, for example, casing material. The Length of Openings
Width of Openings
data element is in the casing record record.
Mesh of Screen
3.2.4 record—a set of related data elements that may need
Packing Material
Size of Packing Material
to be repeated to fully describe a ground-water site. For
Thickness of Packing Material
example, a well that consists of several diameters of casing
Depth to Top and Bottom of Packing Material
from the top end to the bottom will need more than one Casing
Repairs Record:
Record record (the record includes data elements depth to top, Date of Repairs
Nature of Repairs
depth to bottom, diameter, casing material, and casing thick-
Name of Contractor Who Made Repairs
ness) to fully describe the construction of the well. However, if
Percent Change in Performance After Repairs
Special Cases Record:
only a single size of casing is used in the well, the record is
Well Clusters:
utilized once.
Number of Wells in Cluster
3.2.5 record group—a set of related records. For example,
Depth of Deepest Well in Cluster
Depth of Shallowest Well in Cluster
the lift record group includes the lift record, power record, and
Diameter of Well Cluster
standby record. Some record groups consist of only one record,
Collector Well/Laterals:
for example, the spring record group includes only the spring
Number of Laterals in Collector Well
Depth of Laterals in Collector Well
record.
Length of Laterals in Collector Well
Diameter of Laterals in Collector Well
4. Summary of Guide
Mesh of Screen in Laterals
4.1 This guide includes the following physical descriptor Ponds:
Length of Pond
data elements to describe a ground-water site. Single elements
Width of Pond
usually need one entry for a site, while repeated elements
Depth of Pond
Volume of Pond
commonly require several records to fully describe the condi-
Tunnel or Drain:
tions and history of the site.
Length of Tunnel or Drain
Single Elements:
Width of Tunnel or Drain
Individual Site Characteristics:
Depth of Tunnel or Drain
Land Use (in vicinity of site)
Bearing (Azimuth) Tunnel or Drain
Drainage Basin/Watershed
Dip of Tunnel or Drain
Relationship to Surface Stream/Lake, etc.
Lift Record Group:
Hole Depth
Lift Record:
Well Depth
Type of Lift
Source of Depth Data
Date Permanent Lift was Installed
Primary Aquifer
Depth of Intake
Repeated Elements:
Manufacturer of Lift Device
Serial Number
Pump Rating
Power Record:
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
Type of Power
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
D 5409
Magnitude of Spring
Horsepower Rating
Name of Power Company
Power-Company Account Number 5. Significance and Use
Power-Meter Number
5.1 Data at ground-water sites are gathered for many pur-
Standby Lift Record:
Additional Lift poses. Each of these purposes generally requires a specific set
Name of Company that Maintains Lift
of data elements. For example, when the ground-water quality
Rated Pump Capacity
is of concern not only are the ’minimum set of data elements’
Type of Standby Power
Horsepower of Standby Power Source required for the site, but information concerning the sample
Geologic Record Group:
collection depth interval, method of collection, and date and
Geophysical Log Record:
time of collection are needed to fully qualify the data. Another
Date of Log
Type of Log group of elements are recommended for each use of the data,
Depth to Top of Logged Interval
such as aquifer characteristics or water-level records. Normally
Depth to Bottom of Logged Interval
the more information that is gathered about a site by field
Source of Log Data
Geohydrologic Unit Record: personnel, the easier it is to understand the ground-water
Aquifer Unit(s)
conditions and to reach valid conclusions and interpretations
Contributing Unit
regarding the site.
Depth to Top of Interval
Depth to Bottom of Interval 5.2 The data elements listed in this guide and Guides
Lithology
D 5408 and D 5410 should assist in planning what information
Description of Material
can be gathered for a ground-water site and how to document
Sample/Unconsolidated Material Record:
Sample Weight
these data.
Sample Interval
Particle Size NOTE 6—Some important data elements may change during the exist-
Percent of Total Sample
ence of a site. For example, the elevation of the measuring point used for
Particle Shape
the measurement of water levels may be modified because of repair or
Mineralogy
replacement of equipment. This frequently occurs when the measuring
Sample/Consolidated Material Record:
point is an opening in the pump and the pump is modified or replaced.
Drill Cuttings or Core
Because changes cannot always be anticipated, it is preferable to reference
Sample Size (Weight)
Sample Interval the height of the measuring point to a permanent nearby altitude datum.
Mineralogy
The measuring point is referenced by being the same altitude (zero
Core Length
correction) or above (negative correction) or below (plus correction) the
Core Diameter
altitude datum. All appropriate measurements should be corrected in
Core Recovery-Percent
reference to the altitude datum before entry into the permanent record.
Bedding
Care must be exercised to keep the relationship of these data elements
Structure
Porosity consistent throughout the duration of the site.
Hydraulic Record Group:
5.3 Some data elements have an extensive list of compo-
Hydraulics Record:
Hydraulic/Aquifer Unit nents or possible entries. For example, the aquifer identifica-
Hydraulic/Aquifer Unit Type
tion list described in 6.1.8 has over 5000 entries. Lengthy lists
Depth to Top of Unit
of possible entries are not included in this guide, however,
Depth to Bottom of Unit
Static Water Level
information on where to obtain these components is included
Measurement Date and Time
with the specific data element.
Unit Contribution
Aquifer Parameters Record:
NOTE 7—This guide identifies other sources, lists, etc. of information
Transmissivity
required to completely document information about any ground-water
Horizontal Hydraulic Conductivity
site.
Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity
Coefficient of Storage
6. Documentation of Individual Site Characteristics
Leakance
Diffusivity
6.1 Introduction:
Specific Storage
Specific Yield 6.1.1 A vast number of data elements can be documented
Barometric or Tidal Efficiency
about a ground-water site to thoroughly describe its location,
Porosity
physical features, relationship to other features on the earth’s
Specific Capacity
surface, and to designate what information is gathered at the
Method Used to Determine Aquifer Characteristics
Availability of File of Detailed Results
site. These data elements typically are transcribed once for a
Spring Record Group:
site, in contrast to data elements that may be repetitive, such as
Spring Record:
Name of Spring water levels. Many of these data are extremely valuable in the
Type of Spring
characterization of sites that fall into certain categories, for
Permanence of Spring
example wells, for which the primary aquifer is an essential
Sphere of Discharge
Discharge element to assist in the identification of the source of water at
Date of Discharge
the site (2–5, 7, 8, 10–17, 19).
Improvements
6.1.2 Land Use (in Vicinity of Site)— Document the use of
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