ASTM D5609-16
(Guide)Standard Guide for Defining Boundary Conditions in Groundwater Flow Modeling
Standard Guide for Defining Boundary Conditions in Groundwater Flow Modeling
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Accurate definition of boundary conditions is an important part of conceptualizing and modeling groundwater flow systems. This guide describes the properties of the most common boundary conditions encountered in groundwater systems and discusses major aspects of their definition and application in groundwater models. It also discusses the significance and specification of boundary conditions for some field situations and some common errors in specifying boundary conditions in groundwater models.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the specification of appropriate boundary conditions that are to be considered part of conceptualizing and modeling groundwater systems. This guide describes techniques that can be used in defining boundary conditions and their appropriate application for modeling saturated groundwater flow model simulations.
1.2 This guide is one of a series of standards on groundwater flow model applications. Defining boundary conditions is a step in the design and construction of a model that is treated generally in Guide D5447.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D5609 −16
Standard Guide for
Defining Boundary Conditions in Groundwater Flow
1
Modeling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5609; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D5447 Guide forApplication of a Groundwater Flow Model
to a Site-Specific Problem
1.1 This guide covers the specification of appropriate
boundary conditions that are to be considered part of concep-
3. Terminology
tualizing and modeling groundwater systems. This guide de-
3.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer
scribes techniques that can be used in defining boundary
to Terminology D653.
conditions and their appropriate application for modeling
saturated groundwater flow model simulations.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 confined aquifer—in hydrogeology, an aquifer
1.2 This guide is one of a series of standards on groundwa-
bounded above and below by confining beds and in which the
ter flow model applications. Defining boundary conditions is a
static head is above the top of the aquifer
step in the design and construction of a model that is treated
generally in Guide D5447. 3.2.2 boundary—in hydrogeology, the geometrical configu-
ration of the surface enclosing the model domain.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2.3 boundary condition—in hydrogeology,amathematical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- expression of the state of the physical system that constrains
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- the equations of the mathematical model.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.4 flux—in hydrogeology, the volume of fluid crossing a
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information
unit cross-sectional surface area per unit time.
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
3.2.5 groundwater flow model—in groundwater hydraulics,
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
an application of a mathematical model to the solution of a
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
groundwater flow problem.
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
3.2.6 hydrologic condition—in groundwater hydraulics,a
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
set of groundwater inflows or outflows, boundary conditions,
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
and hydraulic properties that cause potentiometric heads to
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
adopt a distinct pattern.
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
4. Significance and Use
document means only that the document has been approved
4.1 Accurate definition of boundary conditions is an impor-
through the ASTM consensus process.
tant part of conceptualizing and modeling groundwater flow
2. Referenced Documents
systems. This guide describes the properties of the most
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: common boundary conditions encountered in groundwater
systems and discusses major aspects of their definition and
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids application in groundwater models. It also discusses the
significance and specification of boundary conditions for some
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock field situations and some common errors in specifying bound-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
ary conditions in groundwater models.
Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved March 1, 2016. Published March 2016. Originally
5. Types of Boundaries
ɛ1
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D5609 – 94 (2015) .
DOI: 10.1520/D5609-16.
5.1 Theflowofgroundwaterisdescribedinthegeneralcase
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
by partial differential equations. Quantitative modeling of a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
groundwater system entails the solution of those equations
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. subject to site-specific boundary conditions.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr H
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D5609 − 94 (Reapproved 2015) D5609 − 16
Standard Guide for
Defining Boundary Conditions in Groundwater Flow
1
Modeling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5609; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Reapproved with editorial changes in September 2015.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers the specification of appropriate boundary conditions that are to be considered part of conceptualizing and
modeling groundwater systems. This guide describes techniques that can be used in defining boundary conditions and their
appropriate application for modeling saturated groundwater flow model simulations.
1.2 This guide is one of a series of standards on groundwater flow model applications. Defining boundary conditions is a step
in the design and construction of a model that is treated generally in Guide D5447.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D5447 Guide for Application of a Groundwater Flow Model to a Site-Specific Problem
3. Terminology
3.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 aquifer, confined—confined aquifer—in hydrogeology, an aquifer bounded above and below by confining beds and in
which the static head is above the top of the aquifer.aquifer
3.2.2 boundary—in hydrogeology, the geometrical configuration of the surface enclosing the model domain.
3.2.3 boundary condition—in hydrogeology, a mathematical expression of the state of the physical system that constrains the
equations of the mathematical model.
3.2.4 conceptual model—a simplified representation of the hydrogeologic setting and the response of the flow system to stress.
3.2.4 flux—in hydrogeology, the volume of fluid crossing a unit cross-sectional surface area per unit time.
3.2.5 groundwater flow model—in groundwater hydraulics, an application of a mathematical model to the solution of a
groundwater flow problem.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008March 1, 2016. Published October 2015March 2016. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20082015
ɛ1
as D5609 – 94 (2008).(2015) . DOI: 10.1520/D5609-94R15E01.10.1520/D5609-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5609 − 16
3.2.7 hydraulic conductivity—(field aquifer tests), the volume of water at the existing kinematic viscosity that will move in a
unit time under unit hydraulic gradient through a unit area measured at right angles to the direction of flow.
3.2.6 hydrologic condition—in groundwater hydraulics, a set of groundwater inflows or outflows, boundary conditions, and
hydraulic properties that cause potentiometric
...
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