ASTM D8178-20

Standard Terminology Relating to Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the recovered carbon black industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2020
• ICS: 01.040.71 - Chemical technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 71.060.10 - Chemical elements
• Technical Committee: D36 - Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)
• Drafting Committee: D36.30 - Nomenclature

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8178 − 20
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope char, n—solid carbonaceous residue formed during carboniza-
tion of organic compounds.
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of
technical terms used in the recovered carbon black industry.
raw rCB, n—solid material resulting from thermal decompo-
Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in
sition of rubber goods which contain carbon black; exhibit-
other readily available sources are not included.
ing poor dispersion so requiring milling to become rCB.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
recovered carbon black (rCB), n—solid product recovered
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
via thermal decomposition from rubber goods which contain
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
carbon black, which is free of wire and fabric, and when
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
milled typically gives semi-reinforcing properties in rubber.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
DISCUSSION—A type of filler derived from post-consumer rubber
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
goods (feedstock) via a variety of thermal decomposition processes.
This semi-reinforcing filler predominantly consisting of carbon, also
2. Terminology
containing inorganic compounding ingredients originating from the
feedstock but is free of wire and fabric. This material, typically
2.1 Definitions:
pelletized currently marketed under the name recovered carbon black
(rCB), should not be confused with “Raw rCB” which exhibits poor
dispersion and minimal reinforcing properties when used in rubber
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D36 on
compounding.
Recovered Carbon Black (rCB) and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D36.30 on Nomenclature.
recovered carbon black pellet, n—a relatively large agglom-
Current edition approved July 1, 2020. Published August 2020. Originally
erate mass that has been densified in spheroidal form to
approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D8178 – 19. DOI:
10.1520/D8178-20. facilitate handling and processing.
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. EXISTING STANDARDS RECOGNIZED BY COMMITTEE D36
X1.1 The following is a list of existing standards that are D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
currently available for use in the industry. These standards are
D1511 Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distri-
maintained by ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black;
bution
2
however, they can be applied for use in the rCB industry.
D1512 Test Methods for Carbon Black—pH Value
D1513 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Pour
X1.2 In 2017, Committee D36 approved to recognize these
Density
standards as acceptable for use in the rCB industry until rCB
D1514 Test Method for Carbon Black—Sieve Residue
statistical data is available that may suggest otherwise.
D1618 Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables –
D1506 Test Methods for Carbon Black—
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8178 − 19 D8178 − 20
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the recovered carbon black industry. Terms
that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and Attrition
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions:
aciniform, adj—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
DISCUSSION—
The original spheroidal primary particles of carbon black fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an aciniform morphology. Recovered
carbon blacks retain these aciniform aggregate structures.
carbon black, furnace, n—a type of carbon black produced by the decomposition reaction of primarily liquid hydrocarbons
when injected into a high-velocity stream of combustion gases under controlled conditions.
DISCUSSION—
The primary type of carbon black used in production of rubber compound, especially used in tires and other black rubber articles.
carbon black, thermal, n—a type of carbon black produced under controlled conditions by the thermal decomposition of
gaseous hydrocarbons in the absence of air or flames.
DISCUSSION—
This carbon black lacks significant aciniform morphology and as such is used primarily in non-tire applications. Use of non-tire rubber feedstock may
result in the recovery of this carbon black type.
char, n—solid carbonaceous residue formed during carbonization of organic compounds.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D36 on Recovered Carbon Black (rCB) and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D36.30 on
Nomenclature.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019July 1, 2020. Published November 2019August 2020. Originally approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 20182019
ε1
as D8178 – 18D8178 – 19. . DOI: 10.1520/D8178-19.10.1520/D8178-20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D8178 − 20
fines, n—that portion of pelletized recovered carbon black that passes through a specified sieve under standard conditions.
DISCUSSION—
See Test Method D1508.
heating loss, n—mass loss, in percent, when recovered carbon black is heated at 125°C for 1 h; the heating loss is primarily
attributed to moisture content.
DISCUSSION—
See Test Method D1509.
raw rCB, n—solid material resulting from thermal decomposition of rubber goods which contain carbon black; exhibiting poor
dispersion so requiring milling to become rCB.
recovered carbon black (rCB), n—solid product recovered via thermal decomposition from rubber goods which contain carbon
black, which is free of wire and fabric, and when milled typically gives semi-reinforcing properties in rubber.
DISCUSSION—
A type of filler derived from post-consumer rubber goods (feedstock) via a variety of thermal decomposition processes. This semi-reinforcing filler
predominantly consisting of carbon, also containing inorganic compounding ingredients originating from the feedstock but is free of wire and fabric.
This material, typically pelletized currently marketed under the name recovered carbon black (rCB), should not be confused with “Raw rCB” which
exhibits poor dispersion and minimal reinforcing properties when used in rubber compounding.
recovered carbon black pellet, n—a relatively large agglomerate mass that has been densified in spheroidal form to facilitate
handling and processing.
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. EXISTING STANDARDS RECOGNIZED BY COMMITTEE D36
X1.1 The following is a list of existing standards that are currently available for use in the industry. These standards are maintained
2
by
...