ASTM C179-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is useful in quantitatively rating or ranking both ramming and refractory plastics by their linear stability after heating.
3.2 This test method is also useful for determining whether a ramming or refractory plastic can be used in a specified application based on linear change criteria.
3.3 This test method excludes basic and carbon bearing materials.
3.4 This test method can produce data for the engineering and design of refractory installations. The linear change data can be used to determine the number of joints necessary to maintain integrity of ramming or refractory plastic in a large installation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the drying shrinkage and of the combined drying and linear change of refractory ramming mixes and plastics.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C179 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and
1
Ramming Mix Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C179; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 This test method is also useful for determining whether
a ramming or refractory plastic can be used in a specified
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the drying
application based on linear change criteria.
shrinkage and of the combined drying and linear change of
refractory ramming mixes and plastics. 3.3 This test method excludes basic and carbon bearing
materials.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 3.4 This test method can produce data for the engineering
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and design of refractory installations. The linear change data
and are not considered standard. can be used to determine the number of joints necessary to
maintain integrity of ramming or refractory plastic in a large
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
installation.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Kiln, electric or gas type, of such design that the flame,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
as coming directly from the burner, cannot impinge upon the
2. Referenced Documents test specimens.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4.2 Measuring Device, capable of being read to 0.02-in.
C113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick (0.5-mm).Ahooked rule, 12 in. (305 mm), is convenient to use
C134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and a suitable type is described in Test Methods C134. Other
and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating measuring devices, such as calipers or dial gages, of the same
Firebrick or better precision may also be used.
C181 Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and
5. Test Specimens
High-Alumina Refractory Plastics
5.1 Number of Specimens—A minimum of six specimens
C1054 Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic
molded from the sample (see Note 1) of refractory plastic will
and Ramming Mix Specimens
berequired.Halfofthespecimensshallbeusedforthetestand
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
the other half used as supporting pieces during the kiln heat
ASTM Test Methods
treatment.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
NOTE 1—For pressing and drying the specimens see Practice C1054.
3. Significance and Use 5.2 Measurement of Specimens—Using the measuring
device, measure the bar for all dimensions to the nearest
3.1 This test method is useful in quantitatively rating or
0.02-in. (0.5-mm). Label and make reference marks to indicate
ranking both ramming and refractory plastics by their linear
the exact length measurement points. Caution should be taken
stability after heating.
as deformation of the specimens may be caused by handling.
1
5.3 DryingofSpecimens—Dryspecimensshouldbedriedas
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolith-
stated in Practice C1054, 6.6.
ics.
5.4 Measuring Dried Specimens—Measure specimens as
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally
approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C179 – 11. DOI:
stated in 5.2.
10.1520/C0179-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6. Procedure
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Placing Specimens in Kiln—Place the dried specimens
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. in the kiln in accordance with Test Method C113, with the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C179 − 14
exception that the supporting brick shall consist of the three 7.3.2 Firing temperature used or heating schedule from
refractory plastic brick prepared for that purpose. Table 1 of Test Method C113.
6.2 Temperature Measurements—Conduct temperature
8. Precision and Bias
measurements in accordance with Test Method C113.
8.1 The precision of this test method is based on an
6.3 Test
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C179 − 11 C179 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and
1
Ramming Mix Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C179; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the drying shrinkage and of the combined drying and linear change of
refractory ramming mixes and plastics.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
C134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
C181 Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Plastics
C1054 Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is useful in quantitatively rating or ranking both ramming and refractory plastics by their linear stability
after heating.
3.2 This test method is also useful for determining whether a ramming or refractory plastic can be used in a specified application
based on linear change criteria.
3.3 This test method excludes basic and carbon bearing materials.
3.4 This test method can produce data for the engineering and design of refractory installations. The linear change data can be
used to determine the number of joints necessary to maintain integrity of ramming or refractory plastic in a large installation.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Kiln, electric or gas type, of such design that the flame, as coming directly from the burner, cannot impinge upon the test
specimens.
4.2 Measuring Device, capable of being read to 0.02-in. (0.5-mm). A hooked rule, 12 in. (305 mm), is convenient to use and
a suitable type is described in Test Methods C134. Other measuring devices, such as calipers or dial gages, of the same or better
precision may also be used.
5. Test Specimens
5.1 Number of Specimens—A minimum of six specimens molded from the sample (see Note 1) of refractory plastic will be
required. Half of the specimens shall be used for the test and the other half used as supporting pieces during the kiln heat treatment.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithics.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011Sept. 1, 2014. Published November 2011October 2014. Originally approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 20092011
as C179 – 09.C179 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/C0179-11.10.1520/C0179-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C179 − 14
NOTE 1—For pressing and drying the specimens see Practice C1054.
5.2 Measurement of Specimens—Using the measuring device, measure the bar for all dimensions to the nearest 0.02-in.
(0.5-mm). Label and make reference marks to indicate the exact length measurement points. Caution should be taken as
deformation of the specimens may be caused by handling.
5.3 Drying of Specimens—Dry specimens should be dried as stated in Practice C1054, 6.6.
5.4 Measuring Dried Specimens—Measure specimens as stated in 5.2.
6. Procedure
6.1 Placing Specimens in Kiln—Place the dried specimens in the kiln in accordance with Test Method C113, with the exception
that the su
...
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