ASTM F2039-00
(Guide)Standard Guide for the Basic Elements of a Shipboard Occupational Health and Safety Program
Standard Guide for the Basic Elements of a Shipboard Occupational Health and Safety Program
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the basic elements of a Shipboard Occupational Health and Safety Program (SOHSP). These elements are applicable to all vessel types including but not limited to tank vessels, dry bulk carriers, passenger vessels, roll-on roll-off vessels, ore bulk oilers, offshore supply vessels, tugboats, towboats, and barges. The elements described are fundamental pieces of a systematic occupational safety and health program and may be used by company line managers, health and safety personnel or consultants who are implementing, improving, or auditing the effectiveness of a shipboard health and safety program.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F 2039 – 00
Standard Guide for
the Basic Elements of a Shipboard Occupational Health and
Safety Program
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 Other Documents:
NFPA 306-1997 Control of Gas Hazards on Vessels
1.1 This guide covers the basic elements of a Shipboard
NFPA 1991-2000: Vapor Protective Suits for Hazardous
Occupational Health and Safety Program (SOHSP). These
Chemical Emergencies
elements are applicable to all vessel types including but not
NFPA 1992-2000: Liquid Splash Protective Suits for Haz-
limited to tank vessels, dry bulk carriers, passenger vessels,
ardous Chemical Emergencies
roll-on roll-off vessels, ore bulk oilers, offshore supply vessels,
IMO A.468(XII) Code on Noise Levels Onboard Ships
tugboats, towboats, and barges. The elements described are
IMO A.849 (20) Code for Investigation of Marine Casual-
fundamental pieces of a systematic occupational safety and
ties and Incidents
health program and may be used by company line managers,
IMO A.864 (20) Recommendations for Entering Enclosed
health and safety personnel or consultants who are implement-
Spaces Aboard Ships
ing, improving, or auditing the effectiveness of a shipboard
46 CFR 16.210 Pre-employment Testing Requirements
health and safety program.
U.S. Coast Guard Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2–98 Physical Evaluation Guidelines for Merchant Mari-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ner’s Documents and Licenses
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 This guide does not set specific performance or techni-
2. Referenced Documents cal criteria, but recommends that companies set policies and
objectives and develop procedures for managing their health
2.1 ANSI Standards:
and safety program. Companies should consider their unique
ANSI Z4.1-1986 Minimum Requirements for Sanitation in
organization, culture, and hazards on their vessels and the
Places of Employment
possible effects of their operations.The elements are intention-
ANSI Z41-1991 Personal Protection – Protective Footwear
ally flexible and may be tailored to address any size of
ANSI Z87.1-1989 Practice for Occupational and Educa-
operation or any vessel type. Note that although the standard is
tional Eye and Face Protection
2 aimedattheshipboardoccupationalhealthandsafetyprogram,
ANSI Z88.2-1992 Respiratory Protection
some of the elements address activities and commitments that
ANSIZ89.1-1986 ProtectiveHeadwearforIndustrialWork-
2 must be completed or made by shore side personnel (for
ers
example, executive management commitment and provision of
ANSI Z244.1-1982 (R1993) Safety Requirements for the
2 adequate resources). Key to the effectiveness of the program is
Lock Out/Tag Out of Energy Sources
the implementation of each element within an interconnected
ANSI/ASA S3.18-1979 (R1993): Guide for the Evaluation
2 system.
of Human Exposure to Whole Body Vibration
ANSI/ASA S3.44-1996 Determination of Occupational
4. Basic Elements
Noise Exposure and Estimation of Noise-Induced Hearing
2 4.1 Executive Management Commitment and Leadership—
Impairment
Executive management commitment and leadership is a pre-
ANSI/AWS Z49.1-1994 Safety in Welding, Cutting and
2 condition for an effective SOHSP. Executive management
Allied Processes
1 3
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-25 on Ships and Available from National Fire Protection Assoc., Batterymarch Park, Quincy,
Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on MA 02269.
General Requirements. Available from International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment,
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published September 2000. London SE1 75R, United Kingdom.
2 5
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Floor, New York, NY 10036. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2039–00
commitment and leadership includes, but is not limited to results of audits that evaluate effectiveness of the safety and
integratinghealthandsafetyintothemanagementstructureand health management system should be maintained. Records that
fabric of the company, developing a health and safety policy, indicate industrial hygiene exposure assessments have been
developing health and safety objectives, providing resources to conducted and appropriate controls have been implemented
achieve the objectives, defining stewardship responsibilities should be maintained. Current job safety analyses and corre-
and providing authority to carry out those responsibilities, and sponding standard operating procedures with safe work prac-
establishingaccountabilityforsafetyandhealthasapartofjob tices should be documented. Injury and illness data should be
performance reviews. Further guidance is provided in Annex maintained to enable the identification of trends and patterns
A1. that associate the injury or illness with a common cause, which
4.2 Employee Participation—Employees from all levels can be addressed. Training topics, lesson outlines, and attend-
including crewmembers, officers, masters, persons in charge, ees should be documented. Where appropriate, such records
and shoreside personnel should be directly involved with the should permit evaluation of the program on individual vessels
SOHSP. Shipboard and shoreside employees should be in- aswellasacrossanentirefleet.Furtherguidanceisprovidedin
volved in developing, implementing, evaluating, and modify- Annex A5.
ing the SOHSP. Employees should also participate in setting
4.6 Contract or Third Party Personnel—When contract or
health and safety objectives and performance criteria. This
third party personnel are on board to perform work, vessel
involvementmightbethroughemployeemembershiponsafety
personnel should provide information regarding potential haz-
committees that provide input to management for the develop-
ards on the vessel that may affect the contract or third party
ment of safety and health policy, debate and set health and
personnel. Potential hazards related to the work conducted by
safety goals, measure and evaluate performance, and recom-
contract or third party personnel should be provided to the
mend modifications to the program based on their evaluation.
vesselowner/operatorand/orthemaster/personincharge.Each
Shoreside and shipboard employees should work together to
employer should provide appropriate information regarding
achieve safety and health goals. For example, shoreside per-
vessel and work hazards to their own employees. For example,
sonnel should participate on vessel safety committees since
exchange of information on chemical hazards might be accom-
their decisions affect vessel operations and ultimately the
plished by exchanging appropriate material safety data sheets
health and safety of vessel personnel. In large companies,
(MSDS), then each employer can inform their own employees
individual vessel safety committees might submit recommen-
of the hazards identified in the MSDS. Further guidance is
dations to an overarching safety committee that evaluates the
provided in Annex A6.
recommendations and sets policy to apply appropriate recom-
4.7 Fatality, Injury, Illness, and Incident Investigation—
mendations to the entire fleet. Further guidance is provided in
Personnel injuries, occupational illnesses, and “near miss”
Annex A2.
incidentsshouldbepromptlyinvestigated.Thecurrentincident
4.3 Hazard Anticipation, Identification, Evaluation and
and other similar occurrences should be analyzed to identify
Control—The core function of any health and safety program
the primary (root) cause and any contributing factors. The
is prevention. Health and safety hazards including fire, reac-
investigation report, setting forth primary cause, contributing
tivity, and chemical and physical hazards, need to be antici-
factors, and corrective measures should be presented to man-
pated and prevented from occurring. Hazards and unsafe
agement. Followup action that specifically addresses the re-
operating procedures need to be identified and addressed so
port’s recommendations for corrective action should be under-
they will not endanger employees or the public and will not
taken and documented. Further guidance is provided inAnnex
damage the vessel, cargo, or third party property. Potential
A7.
hazards should be systematically anticipated, identified, evalu-
4.8 Systematic Program Evaluation and Continuous
ated, and controlled. Tools such as job hazard analysis,
Improvement—Maintaining an effective health and safety pro-
industrial hygiene exposure assessments, and risk assessment/
gram is an ongoing process. The SOHSP should have systems
management methodologies enable the evaluation and control
for detecting, reporting, and correcting nonconformities to the
of hazards. Further guidance is provided in Annex A3.
program. Some type of “formalized” evaluation should also be
4.4 Training—Employees should receive training appropri-
conducted on a periodic basis consistent with other aspects of
ate for their duties and responsibilities so that they may work
the vessel’s management plan. The evaluation should deter-
safely and not endanger their shipmates or the public. In
mine whether the SOHSP is appropriate for the vessel and its
addition, employees who have specific health and safety
operations, that actual practices are consistent with the pro-
responsibilities (generally supervisors with responsibility for
grams and procedures in the SOHSP, and that the SOHSP is
the safety of others, but also nonsupervisors who are assigned
effective. Comparison of data and records (refer to Annex A5,
to safety committees or as crew member representatives)
Record Keeping) to performance objectives and criteria (refer
should receive training to enable them to carry out their health
to Annex A1, Section A1.3, health and safety objectives) can
and safety program responsibilities. Further guidance is pro-
provideimportantindicatorsoftheeffectivenessoftheSOHSP.
vided in Annex A4.
Further guidance is provided in Annex A8.
4.5 Record Keeping—Company records sufficient to dem-
onstrate the effectiveness of the health and safety program
5. Keywords
should be maintained. Data that enables trend or pattern
analysis for root causes is particularly desirable. For example, 5.1 health; safety
F2039–00
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT AND LEADERSHIP
A1.1 Health and safety programs are most effective when A1.3.3 Develop and implement a program of evaluations
they are integrated into the management structure of a com- through drills and other means (for example, simulators) to
pany, rather than treated as an “add on” program. Examples of ensure that personnel are competent to carry out their duties,
integrated health and safety efforts include:
A1.3.4 Improve the health and safety program by review-
ing, considering, and implementing appropriate published
A1.1.1 Developing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs),
industry practices and consensus standards rather than relying
written to the education level of the person who must follow
on the imposition of new regulatory standards. Examples of
the SOP, that integrate safe work practices and basic opera-
consensus standards to consider include, but are not limited to:
tional functions,
ANSI Z41-1991, ANSI Z87.1-1989, ANSI Z88.2-1992, ANSI
A1.1.2 Making design review by qualified health and safety
Z89.1-1986, ANSI Z244.1–1982 (R1993), ANSI/ASA S3.18-
personnel an element of the acquisition procedures, and
1979 (R1993), ANSI/ASA S3.44-1996, ANSI/AWS Z49.1-
A1.1.3 Making consultation with qualified health and safety
1994, ANSI Z4.1-1986, NFPA 1991-2000, NFPA 1992-2000,
personnel a part of the process when making changes to
NFPA 306-1997, IMO A.864 (20), and IMO A.468(XII).
operations.
A1.3.5 Complete periodic comprehensive (or area-specific)
A1.2 Executive management sets the tone for the entire
hazard review,
SOHSP through their policy regarding health and safety.
A1.3.6 Reduceexposurelevelstoairbornevaporstoaccept-
Examples of values that can be stated and commitments that
able levels through appropriate controls,
can be made in company policy include:
A1.3.7 Complete annual respiratory fit testing on schedule,
A1.2.1 Astatement that the company will make every effort
A1.3.8 Develop and implement acute toxic exposure proce-
to provide a safe and healthy workplace and that working
dures addressing first aid procedures, obtaining additional
safely is a condition of employment,
emergency medical assistance, and appropriate medical sur-
A1.2.2 Statements that convey how important each crew
veillance tests (for example, S-phenylmercapturic acid in urine
member is to the vessel as a fellow worker and as a company
following a potential benzene overexposure), and
resource:
A1.3.9 Develop and implement an occupational health
A1.2.2.1 “The basic safety policy of this company is that no
medical surveillance plan.
task is so important that an employee must violate a safety rule
or put himself or herself at risk of injury or illness in order to
NOTE A1.1—The intent of this medical surveillance plan is to ensure
get it done.”,
employees are not overexposed to hazards on the job including chemicals,
A1.2.3 A written commitment to provide resources neces- radiation, noise, and so forth. This section is not intended to address
requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act or issues covered by
sary to implement the health and safety program could also be
physical standards related to watch keeping published elsewhere.
included in the policy statement, and
A1.2.4 Management can demonstrate commitment to the
A1.4 Company management holds the authority to dedicate
safety and health policies through word and action. For
necessary resources to achieve health and safety objectives.
example, managers visiting vessels should follow safety rules
Necessary resources may include:
and standard operating procedures, including use of hearing
protection,safet
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