ASTM E850-95

Standard Practice for Use of Inorganic Process Wastes as Structural Fill

SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidance for use of selected process wastes as structural fills by listing representative test methods for predicting and evaluating those physical characteristics of waste that are related to the integrity of fills and to protection of ground and surface waters.
1.2 Table 1 lists references which provide engineering practices and test procedures that may be applied to process waste for use as structural fill.
1.3 Some process wastes may produce leachate that exceeds environmentally acceptable limits. Special provisions are included to accommodate this class of materials (see 7.2).

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-1995
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E850-95(2002) - Standard Practice for Use of Inorganic Process Wastes as Structural Fill
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1995
• Referred By: ASTM E1266-20 - Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1995
• Referred By: ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1995

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 850 – 95
Standard Practice for
Use of Inorganic Process Wastes as Structural Fill
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 850; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3 4
kN-m/m ))
1.1 This practice provides guidance for use of selected
D 854 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soils
process wastes as structural fills by listing representative test
D 1140 Test Method for Amount of Material in Soils Finer
methods for predicting and evaluating those physical charac-
Than the No. 200 (75-μm) Sieve
teristics of waste that are related to the integrity of fills and to
D 1452 Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by
protection of ground and surface waters.
Auger Borings
1.2 Table 1 lists references which provide engineering
D 1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
practices and test procedures that may be applied to process
Place by the Sand-Cone Method
waste for use as structural fill.
D 1557 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character-
1.3 Some process wastes may produce leachate that exceeds
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
environmentally acceptable limits. Special provisions are in-
3 4
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
cluded to accommodate this class of materials (see 7.2).
D 1586 Test Method for Penetration Test and Split-Barrel
2. Referenced Documents
Sampling of Soils
D 1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1633 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Molded
C 294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Natu-
Soil-Cement Cylinders
ral Mineral Aggregate
D 2049 Test Method for Relative Density of Cohesionless
C 295 Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates
Soils
for Concrete
D 2166 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength
C 593 Specification for Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for
of Cohesive Soil
Use with Lime
D 2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
C 821 Specification for Lime for Use with Pozzolans
Place by the Rubber Balloon Method
D 420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering, De-
D 2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water
sign, and Construction Purposes
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock
D 421 Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for
D 2217 Practice for Wet Preparation of Soil Samples for
Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-
Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-
stants
stants
D 422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
D 2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils
D 4318 Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
(Constant Head)
Plasticity Index of Soils
D 2487 Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes
D 559 Test Methods for Wetting and Drying Compacted
(Unified Soil Classification System)
Soil-Cement Mixtures
D 2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
D 560 Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing Compacted
(Visual-Manual Procedure)
Soil-Cement Mixtures
D 2573 Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Soil
Fluids
D 2664 Test Method for Triaxial Compressive Strength of
D 698 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character-
Undrained Rock Core Specimens Without Pore Pressure
Measurements
D 2850 Test Method for Unconsolidated, Undrained Com-
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-34 on Waste
pressive Strength of Cohesive Soils in Triaxial Compres-
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.06 on Recovery
and Reuse. sion
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1995. Published December 1995. Originally
published as E 850 – 82. Last previous edition E 850 – 88.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. Discontinued—See 1983 Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol 04.08. Re-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08. placed by D4253.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 850
D 2922 Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil- suspended materials, or both, from the medium.
Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) 3.7 process waste— inorganic by-product materials such as
D 2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the mine tailings, culm piles, coal processing conversion and
Drive-Cylinder Method combustion wastes, cement and limekiln dust, by-product
D 3017 Test Method for Water Content of Soil and Rock in gypsum, and chemically treated compositions made from these
Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) wastes or waste mixtures.
D 3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under 3.8 structural fill— man-made deposits of solid materials.
Consolidated Drained Conditions Examples include backfills, landfills, embankments, earth
D 3974 Practice for Extraction of Trace Elements from dams, linings and blankets, foundations, canals, road base,
Sediments footings, and trenches.
D 3987 Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste
4. Significance and Use
with Water
4.1 This practice is intended for inorganic process wastes
D 5084 Test Method for Measurement of Hydraulic Con-
ductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible that can be used as replacements for natural material such as
soil or rock suitable for construction applications. Selection of
Wall Permeameter
appropriate and feasible fill materials and selection of appli-
3. Terminology
cable materials, tests, and specifications to facilitate construc-
3.1 cemented materials—materials consisting of one or
tion and environmental protection are the responsibility of the
more substances that develop hardness by chemical reaction
design engineer. This practice is intended to encourage wider
after placement of the material in a fill.
utilization of waste materials.
3.2 coarse material— material coarser than a No. 200
5. Determination of Material Characteristics
(75-μm) U.S. standard sieve.
3.3 effective coeffıcient of permeability—the coefficient of
5.1 Table 1 contains representative test methods recom-
permeability that characterizes a fill and is the result of
mended for determining and evaluating characteristics of
combined materials characteristics and construction techniques
process wastes, of either candidate or in situ fill materials.
including compaction, capping, placement of impermeable
Appropriate numerical values of materials characteristics will
layers, etc.
vary depending on design requirements and are selected on the
3.4 fill material— material used in the construction of a
basis of accepted engineering practice and regulatory require-
structural fill.
ments. Testing of process wastes that may result in chemical
3.5 fine material— material finer than No. 200 (75-μm) U.S.
reactions or contain cementitious materials should be per-
standard sieve.
formed on specimens that have been cured and aged to
3.6 leachate—liquid that has percolated through or passed
duplicate in situ conditions as closely as possible. Examples of
over a solid waste or other medium and contains dissolved or
such test procedures are listed in Table 1 under Cemented
Materials. Cured specimens carefully removed from the fill
may be used in carrying out the laboratory or field procedures
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
7 (Table 1). Solubility of the waste material must be suitable for
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09 the intended use.
TABLE 1 Representative Test Methods Recommended for Determining and Evaluating Characteristics of Process Wastes Suitable for
Fill Construction
Test
Characteristics
A
Methods
General:
Laboratory Procedures:
Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis D 421
and Determination of Soils Constants
Particle-Size Analysis of Soils D 422
Liquid Limit of Soils D 4318
Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils D 4318
Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids D 653
Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using 5.5 lb Rammer D 698
and 12-in
...