ASTM E850-95(2002)

Standard Practice for Use of Inorganic Process Wastes as Structural Fill

SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidance for use of selected process wastes as structural fills by listing representative test methods for predicting and evaluating those physical characteristics of waste that are related to the integrity of fills and to protection of ground and surface waters.
1.2 Table 1 lists references which provide engineering practices and test procedures that may be applied to process waste for use as structural fill.
1.3 Some process wastes may produce leachate that exceeds environmentally acceptable limits. Special provisions are included to accommodate this class of materials (see 7.2).

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-1995
• ICS: 13.030.50 - Recycling
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E850-95 - Standard Practice for Use of Inorganic Process Wastes as Structural Fill
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1995
• Replaced By: ASTM E850-95(2007) - Standard Practice for Use of Inorganic Process Wastes as Structural Fill
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E1266-20 - Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1995
• Referred By: ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1995

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E850–95 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Practice for
Use of Inorganic Process Wastes as Structural Fill
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E850; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D698 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character-
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft (600
1.1 This practice provides guidance for use of selected
kN-m/m ))
process wastes as structural fills by listing representative test
D854 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soils
methods for predicting and evaluating those physical charac-
D1140 Test Method forAmount of Material in Soils Finer
teristics of waste that are related to the integrity of fills and to
Than the No. 200 (75-µm) Sieve
protection of ground and surface waters.
D1452 Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by
1.2 Table 1 lists references which provide engineering
Auger Borings
practices and test procedures that may be applied to process
D1556 Test Method for Density and UnitWeight of Soil in
waste for use as structural fill.
Place by the Sand-Cone Method
1.3 Someprocesswastesmayproduceleachatethatexceeds
D1557 TestMethodforLaboratoryCompactionCharacter-
environmentally acceptable limits. Special provisions are in-
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
cluded to accommodate this class of materials (see 7.2).
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
2. Referenced Documents D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test and Split-Barrel
Sampling of Soils
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils
C294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Natu-
D1633 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Molded
ral Mineral Aggregate
Soil-Cement Cylinders
C295 Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates
D2049 Test Method for Relative Density of Cohesionless
for Concrete
Soils
C593 Specification for Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for
D2166 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength
Use with Lime
of Cohesive Soil
C821 Specification for Lime for Use with Pozzolans
D2167 Test Method for Density and UnitWeight of Soil in
D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering, De-
Place by the Rubber Balloon Method
sign, and Construction Purposes
D2216 TestMethodforLaboratoryDeterminationofWater
D421 Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock
Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-
D2217 Practice for Wet Preparation of Soil Samples for
stants
Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
stants
D4318 Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
D2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils
Plasticity Index of Soils
(Constant Head)
D559 Test Methods for Wetting and Drying Compacted
D2487 Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes
Soil-Cement Mixtures
(Unified Soil Classification System)
D560 Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing Compacted
D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
Soil-Cement Mixtures
(Visual-Manual Procedure)
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
D2573 Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive
Fluids
Soil
D2664 Test Method for Triaxial Compressive Strength of
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Undrained Rock Core Specimens Without Pore Pressure
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.03 on
Measurements
Industrial Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1995. Published December 1995. Originally
published as E850–82. Last previous edition E850–88.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Discontinued—See 1983 Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol 04.08. Re-
the ASTM website. placed by D4253.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E850–95 (2002)
D2850 Test Method for Unconsolidated, Undrained Com- 3.6 leachate—liquid that has percolated through or passed
pressive Strength of Cohesive Soils in Triaxial Compres- over a solid waste or other medium and contains dissolved or
sion suspended materials, or both, from the medium.
3.7 process waste— inorganic by-product materials such as
D 2922 Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-
mine tailings, culm piles, coal processing conversion and
Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)
combustion wastes, cement and limekiln dust, by-product
D2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the
gypsum,andchemicallytreatedcompositionsmadefromthese
Drive-Cylinder Method
wastes or waste mixtures.
D3017 Test Method for Water Content of Soil and Rock in
3.8 structural fill— man-made deposits of solid materials.
Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)
Examples include backfills, landfills, embankments, earth
D3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under
dams, linings and blankets, foundations, canals, road base,
Consolidated Drained Conditions
footings, and trenches.
D3974 Practice for Extraction of Trace Elements from
4. Significance and Use
Sediments
4.1 This practice is intended for inorganic process wastes
D3987 Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste
that can be used as replacements for natural material such as
with Water
soil or rock suitable for construction applications. Selection of
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
appropriate and feasible fill materials and selection of appli-
Plasticity Index of Soils
cable materials, tests, and specifications to facilitate construc-
D5084 Test Method for Measurement of Hydraulic Con-
tion and environmental protection are the responsibility of the
ductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible
design engineer. This practice is intended to encourage wider
Wall Permeameter
utilization of waste materials.
5. Determination of Material Characteristics
3. Terminology
5.1 Table 1 contains representative test methods recom-
3.1 cemented materials—materials consisting of one or
mended for determining and evaluating characteristics of
more substances that develop hardness by chemical reaction
process wastes, of either candidate or in situ fill materials.
after placement of the material in a fill.
Appropriate numerical values of materials characteristics will
3.2 coarse material— material coarser than a No. 200
varydependingondesignrequirementsandareselectedonthe
(75-µm) U.S. standard sieve.
basis of accepted engineering practice and regulatory require-
3.3 effective coeffıcient of permeability—the coefficient of
ments. Testing of process wastes that may result in chemical
permeability that characterizes a fill and is the result of
reactions or contain cementitious materials should be per-
combinedmaterialscharacteristicsandconstructiontechniques
formed on specimens that have been cured and aged to
including compaction, capping, placement of impermeable
duplicateinsituconditionsascloselyaspossible.Examplesof
layers, etc.
such test procedures are listed in Table 1 under Cemented
3.4 fill material— material used in the construction of a
Materials. Cured specimens carefully removed from the fill
structural fill.
may be used in carrying out the laboratory or field procedures
3.5 fine material—materialfinerthanNo.200(75-µm)U.S.
(Table 1). Solubility of the waste material must be suitable for
standard sieve. the intended use.
TABLE 1 Representative Test Methods Recommended for Determining and Evaluating Characteristics of Process Wastes Suitable for
Fill Construction
Test
Characteristics
A
Methods
General:
Laboratory Procedures:
Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis D 421
and Determination of Soils Constants
Particle-Size Analysis of Soils D 422
Liquid Limit of Soils D 4318
Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils D 4318
Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids D 653
Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using 5.5 lb R
...