ASTM B703-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders and Related Compounds Using the Arnold Meter
Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders and Related Compounds Using the Arnold Meter
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The apparent density is an important measure of a material characteristic of the powder that is useful to the powder producers and powder users in determining quality and lot to lot consistency.
This test method is applicable to free-flowing and non-free-flowing metal powders, lubricated powder mixtures and metal compounds.
5.3 The apparent density of a lubricated metal powder mixture may be different when a quantity settles after falling into the die cavity during automatic compacting as compared with the value obtained from a measurement taken in the laboratory under controlled test conditions.
5.4 This test method simulates the action of the feed shoe on a powder compacting press and gives an apparent density value that closely approximates the apparent density of the powder in the die cavity after the production filling operation.
5.5 Knowledge of this apparent density value for the final lubricated production powder mixture is very helpful to the powder metallurgy (PM) parts fabricator to set the compression ratios for fixed fill die cavity tooling.
5.6 The values of apparent density obtained on metal powders with this test method are approximately 0.2 g/cm3 higher than those obtained using the Hall Funnel, Test Method B212, the Carney Funnel, Test Method B417; or the Scott Volumeter, Test Method B329.
5.7 This test method may be part of a purchase agreement between the powder supplier and PM parts producer, or it may be an internal quality control test for either party.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a quantitative laboratory procedure for determining the apparent density of both free-flowing and non-free-flowing metal powders, lubricated metal powder mixtures, and powder compounds.
1.2 With the exception of the values for mass, volume, and density, for which the use of the gram and the cubic centimetre units is the long-standing industry practice, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B703 − 10
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Density of Metal Powders and Related
1
Compounds Using the Arnold Meter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B703; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3
2.2 MPIF Standard:
1.1 This test method covers a quantitative laboratory proce-
MPIF 48 Determination of Apparent Density of Metal Pow-
dure for determining the apparent density of both free-flowing
ders Using the Arnold Meter
and non-free-flowing metal powders, lubricated metal powder
mixtures, and powder compounds.
3. Terminology
1.2 With the exception of the values for mass, volume, and
3.1 Definitions—Useful definitions of terms for metal pow-
density, for which the use of the gram and the cubic centimetre
ders and powder metallurgy are found in Terminology B243.
units is the long-standing industry practice, the values stated in
Additional descriptive PM information is available in the
inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values
Related Materials section of Volume 02.05 of the Annual Book
given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units
of ASTM Standards.
that are provided for information only and are not considered
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard.
3.2.1 Arnold Apparent Density (AD )—the mass per unit
A
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
volume of a powder, expressed in gram per cubic centimetre
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
units, determined in accordance with the procedure in this test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
method.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2 Arnold Meter—the laboratory instrumentation pic-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tured in Fig. 1, consisting of a steel die block with a precise
cavityandapowderdeliverycylinder,thatisusedtodetermine
2. Referenced Documents
2 a quantitative value for Arnold Apparent Density, (AD ).
A
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B212 Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing
4. Summary of Test Method
Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
3
4.1 The test method consists of first collecting a 20 cm
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
volume of the test powder by slowly sliding a cylindrical
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
sleeve containing the test powder over a precise cavity in a die
B329 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders
block.
and Compounds Using the Scott Volumeter
B417 Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-
4.2 The mass of the volume of powder thus collected is
Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
determined and the Arnold Apparent Density (AD ), is calcu-
A
3
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
lated as mass divided by volume and expressed in g/cm units.
ASTM Test Methods
5. Significance and Use
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
5.1 The apparent density is an important measure of a
material characteristic of the powder that is useful to the
powder producers and powder users in determining quality and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
lot to lot consistency.
Powders and Metal Powder Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
tee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
5.2 This test method is applicable to free-flowing and
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally
non-free-flowing metal powders, lubricated powder mixtures
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as B703 – 05. DOI:
and metal compounds.
10.1520/B0703-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on This report is available from Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College
the ASTM website. Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B703 − 10
FIG. 1 Arnold Meter
5.3 The apparent density of a lubricated metal powder surfaces of the sides of the die block shall be given a
mixture may be different when a quantity settles after falling rougheningtreatmenttoaidinhandlingduringuse(seeFig.1
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B703–05 Designation:B703–10
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Density of Powders Using Arnold MeterApparent
Density of Metal Powders and Related Compounds Using
1
the Arnold Meter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B703; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1This test method covers a procedure for determining the apparent density of both free- and non-free-flowing powders,
premixes, and blended mixes.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.1 This test method covers a quantitative laboratory procedure for determining the apparent density of both free-flowing and
non-free-flowing metal powders, lubricated metal powder mixtures, and powder compounds.
1.2 With the exception of the values for mass, volume, and density, for which the use of the gram and the cubic centimetre units
is the long-standing industry practice, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in
parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B212 Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B329 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders and Compounds Using the Scott Volumeter
B417 Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel Test Method for
Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3
2.2 MPIF Standard:
MPIF 48 Determination of Apparent Density of Metal Powders Using the Arnold Meter
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Useful definitions of terms for metal powders and powder metallurgy are found in Terminology B243.
Additional descriptive PM information is available in the Related Materials section of Volume 02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM
Standards.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
´1
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as B703–94 (1999) . DOI:
10.1520/B0703-05.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as B703 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/B0703-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The sole source of supply of theArnold Density Meter complete with bushing known to the committee at this time isArnold P/M Consulting Services, 648 Cedar Road,
St. Marys, PA 15857. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful
consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
3
This report is available from Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B703–10
3.2.1Arnold Density Meter—This instrument enables the user to determine the density of any powder or mix, whether or not
the po
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B703–05 Designation:B703–10
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Density of Powders Using Arnold MeterApparent
Density of Metal Powders and Related Compounds Using
1
the Arnold Meter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B703; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1This test method covers a procedure for determining the apparent density of both free- and non-free-flowing powders,
premixes, and blended mixes.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.1 This test method covers a quantitative laboratory procedure for determining the apparent density of both free-flowing and
non-free-flowing metal powders, lubricated metal powder mixtures, and powder compounds.
1.2 With the exception of the values for mass, volume, and density, for which the use of the gram and the cubic centimetre units
is the long-standing industry practice, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in
parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B212 Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B329 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders and Compounds Using the Scott Volumeter
B417 Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel Test Method for
Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3
2.2 MPIF Standard:
MPIF 48 Determination of Apparent Density of Metal Powders Using the Arnold Meter
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Useful definitions of terms for metal powders and powder metallurgy are found in Terminology B243.
Additional descriptive PM information is available in the Related Materials section of Volume 02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM
Standards.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
´1
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as B703–94 (1999) . DOI:
10.1520/B0703-05.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as B703 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/B0703-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The sole source of supply of theArnold Density Meter complete with bushing known to the committee at this time isArnold P/M Consulting Services, 648 Cedar Road,
St. Marys, PA 15857. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful
consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
3
Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B703–10
3.2.1Arnold Density Meter—This instrument enables the user to determine the density of any powder or mix, whether or not
the powder has flow ch
...
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