ASTM B855-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Arnold Meter and Hall Flowmeter Funnel
Standard Test Method for Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Arnold Meter and Hall Flowmeter Funnel
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The volumetric flow rate is a measure of the flow characteristics of a metal powder. Measuring flow by volume compared with flow per unit mass eliminates the variable of the powder density and relates to the production practice of die filling by volume.
5.2 The ability of a powder to flow and pack is a function of interparticle friction. As the surface area increases, the amount of friction in a powder mass also increases. Consequently, the friction between particles increases, giving less efficient flow and packing.
5.3 Knowledge of the volumetric flow rate permits the part producer to estimate the number of parts that can be compacted per hour.
5.4 This test may be part of the purchase agreement between metal powder producers and powder metallurgy (PM) part producers, or it can be an internal quality control test for any company using metal powders.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for the quantitative determination of the flow rate of a specific volume of a free-flowing metal powder or lubricated powder mixture.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for mass, volume, and density, for which the use of the gram and the cubic centimetre unit is long-standing industry practice, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B855 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Arnold
1
Meter and Hall Flowmeter Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B855; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for the
3
2.2 MPIF Standard
quantitative determination of the flow rate of a specific volume
MPIF Standard 48 Determination of Apparent Density of
of a free-flowing metal powder or lubricated powder mixture.
Metal Powders using the Arnold Meter
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for mass,
volume, and density, for which the use of the gram and the
3. Terminology
cubic centimetre unit is long-standing industry practice, the
3.1 Definitions—Useful definitions of terms for metal pow-
values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as
ders and powder metallurgy used in this test method are found
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive PM information
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
is available under “General Information on PM” on the B09
and are not considered standard.
web page.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1 volumetric flow rate, n—the relation between time and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
volume of a free-flowing metal powder determined by mea-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
suringthetimeforaspecificvolumetoflowthroughtheorifice
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
in a Hall Flowmeter Funnel and expressing the ratio in seconds
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
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per 20 cubic centimetres (s/20 cm ).
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4. Summary of Test Method
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
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mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 A20 cm test portion of powder is prepared from the lot
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. to be tested following the procedures in Test Methods B215
and B703.
2. Referenced Documents
3
4.2 This 20 cm test portion is timed as it flows through the
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
orifice in a Hall Flowmeter Funnel following the procedure in
B213 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using
Test Method B213.
the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
4.3 The volumetric flow rate is calculated and reported in
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
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seconds per 20 cubic centimetres (s/20 cm ).
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B703 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders
5. Significance and Use
and Related Compounds Using the Arnold Meter
5.1 The volumetric flow rate is a measure of the flow
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
characteristics of a metal powder. Measuring flow by volume
comparedwithflowperunitmasseliminatesthevariableofthe
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal powder density and relates to the production practice of die
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
filling by volume.
mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally 5.2 The ability of a powder to flow and pack is a function of
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as B855 – 17. DOI:
interparticle friction.As the surface area increases, the amount
10.1520/B0855-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM or Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College
the ASTM website. Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540 and initially reported in MPIF Standard 48
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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B855 − 22
of friction in a powde
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B855 − 17 B855 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Arnold
1
Meter and Hall Flowmeter Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B855; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for the quantitative determination of the flow rate of a specific volume of a
free-flowing metal powder or lubricated powder mixture.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for mass, volume, and density, for which the use of the gram and the cubic centimetre
unit is long-standing industry practice, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in
parenthesisparentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B213 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B703 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders and Related Compounds Using the Arnold Meter
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3
2.2 MPIF Standard
MPIF Standard 48 Determination of Apparent Density of Metal Powders using the Arnold Meter
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Useful definitions of terms for metal powders and powder metallurgy used in this standard test method are found
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B09.02
on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved April 1, 2017Sept. 1, 2022. Published April 2017September 2022. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20112017 as
B855 – 11.B855 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/B0855-17.10.1520/B0855-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from ASTM or Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540 and initially reported in MPIF Standard 48
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B855 − 22
in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive PM information is available in the Related Material section of Vol 02.05 of the under
“General Information on PM” on the B09 web page.Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 volumetric flow rate—rate, n—the relation between time and volume of a free-flowing metal powder determined by
measuring the time for a specific volume to flow through the orifice in a Hall Flowmeter Funnel and expressing the ratio in seconds
3
per 20 cubic centimetres.centimetres (s/20 cm ).
4. Summary of Test Method
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4.1 A 20 cm test portion of powder is prepared from the lot to be tested following the procedures in Test Methods B215 and B703.
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4.2 This 20 cm test portion is timed as it flows through the orifice in a Hall Flowmeter Funnel following the procedure in Test
Method B213.
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4.3 The volumetric flow rate is calculated and reported in seconds per 20 cubic centimetres.centimetres (s/20 cm )).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The volumetric flow rate is a measure of the flow characterist
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