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ASTM C331-02

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units

Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory materials. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-2002
ICS
91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.21 - Lightweight Aggregates and Concrete
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C331-01 - Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
Effective Date
10-Jul-2002
Replaced By
ASTM C331-03 - Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM C1790-21 - Standard Specification for Fly Ash Facing Brick
Effective Date
10-Jul-2002

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ASTM C331-02 - Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry UnitsASTM C331-02 - Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
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ASTM C331-02 - Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued. NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 331 – 02
Standard Specification for
1
Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 331; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
4
1. Scope * lated Concrete Units
5
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates in-
tended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime
3. Aggregate Types
consideration is to reduce the density of the units.
3.1 Three general types of lightweight aggregates are cov-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ered by this specification, as follows:
standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information
3.1.1 Aggregates prepared by expanding, pelletizing, or
purposes only.
sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite,
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and
fly ash, shale, or slate, and
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
3.1.2 Aggregates prepared by processing natural materials,
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
such as pumice, scoria, or tuff, and
considered as requirements of the standard.
3.1.3 Aggregates consisting of end products of coal or coke
2. Referenced Documents combustion.
3.2 The aggregates shall be composed predominately of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material.
C 29/C 29M Test Method for Unit Weight and Voids in
2
Aggregate
4. Chemical Composition
C 40 Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggre-
2
4.1 Lightweight aggregates shall not contain excessive
gates for Concrete
amounts of deleterious substances, as determined by the
C 114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
3
following limits:
Cement
4.1.1 Organic Impurities (Test Method C 40)—Lightweight
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
2
aggregates subjected to the test for organic impurities that
Aggregates
produce a color darker than the standard shall be rejected,
C 142 Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in
2
unless it is demonstrated that the discoloration is due to small
Aggregates
quantities of materials not harmful to the concrete.
C 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Portland
3 4.1.2 Staining (Test Method C 641)—An aggregate produc-
Cement
ing a stain index of 60 or higher shall be rejected when the
C 157 Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
2 deposited stain is found upon chemical analysis to contain an
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
iron content, expressed as Fe O equal to or greater than 1.5
2 3
C 641 Test Method for Staining Materials in Lightweight
2 mg/200 g of sample.
Concrete Aggregates
4.1.3 Loss on Ignition (Test Methods C 114)—Loss on
C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to
2 ignition of aggregates, consisting of end products of coal or
Testing Size
coke combustion, shall not exceed 12 %. Loss on ignition of
C 1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Dura-
other aggregates shall not exceed 5 %.
bility of Manufactured Concrete Masonry Units and Re-
NOTE 1—Certain processed aggregates may be hydraulic in character
and may be partially hydrated during production; if so, the quality of the
product is not reduced thereby. Other aggregates may, in their natural
1
states, contain innocuous carbonates or water of crystallization, which will
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
contribute to the loss on ignition. Therefore, consideration should be given
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.21 on Lightweight Aggregates and Concrete.
Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally
published as C 331 – 53 T. Last previous edition C 331 – 01.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued. NOTICE: This standard has either been superc
...

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.  
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1.1 This practice covers apparatus, materials, and procedures for capping freshly molded concrete cylinders with neat cement and hardened cylinders and drilled concrete cores with high-strength gypsum paste or sulfur mortar.  
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ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of strength of cylindrical concrete specimens that have been molded in place using special molds attached to formwork. A concrete cylinder mold assembly consisting of a mold and a tubular support member is fastened within the concrete formwork prior to placement of the concrete. The elevation of the mold upper edge is adjusted to correspond to the plane of the finished slab surface. The mold support prevents direct contact of the slab concrete with the outside of the mold and permits its easy removal from the hardened concrete. Strength of cast-in-place cylinders may be used for various purposes, such as estimating the load-bearing capacity of slabs, determining the time of form and shore removal, and determining the effectiveness of curing and protection. Consolidation of concrete in the mold may be varied to simulate the conditions of placement. Internal vibration of concrete in the mold is prohibited except under special circumstances.
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4.1 This practice provides for using an unbonded capping system in testing hardened concrete cylinders made in accordance with Practices C31/C31M or C192/C192M, or cores obtained in accordance with Test Method C42/C42M in lieu of the capping systems described in Practice C617/C617M.  
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4.1 This test method is of primary significance in determining the acceptability of aggregate with respect to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M.
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1.1 This test method covers the approximate determination of clay lumps and friable particles in aggregates.  
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Note 1: Sieve sizes openings are identified by their Specification E11 designation with their alternative Specification E11 designation given in parentheses for information only.  
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ASTM C1701/C1701M-17a(2023)(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tests performed at the same location across a span of years may be used to detect a reduction of infiltration rate of the pervious concrete, thereby identifying the need for remediation.  
5.2 The infiltration rate obtained by this method is valid only for the localized area of the pavement where the test is conducted. To determine the infiltration rate of the entire pervious pavement multiple locations must be tested and the results averaged.  
5.3 The field infiltration rate is typically established by the design engineer of record and is a function of the design precipitation event.  
5.4 This test method does not measure the influence on in-place infiltration rate due to sealing of voids near the bottom of the pervious concrete slab. Visual inspection of concrete cores is the best approach for determining sealing of voids near the bottom of the pervious concrete slab.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the field water infiltration rate of in place pervious concrete.
Note 1: For permeable unit pavement systems, Test Method C1781/C1781M should be used. Test Method C1781/C1781M is functionally identical to this test method but includes added provisions for positioning and securing the test ring to a discontinuous surface. Both tests methods give comparable results  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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ASTM C173/C173M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method covers the determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete. It measures the air contained in the mortar fraction of the concrete, but is not affected by air that may be present inside porous aggregate particles.  
4.1.1 Therefore, this is the appropriate test to determine the air content of concretes containing lightweight aggregates, air-cooled slag, and highly porous or vesicular natural aggregates.  
4.2 This test method requires the addition of sufficient isopropyl alcohol, when the meter is initially being filled with water, so that after the first or subsequent rollings little or no foam collects in the neck of the top section of the meter. If more foam is present than that equivalent to 2 % air above the water level, the test is declared invalid and must be repeated using a larger quantity of alcohol. Addition of alcohol to dispel foam any time after the initial filling of the meter to the zero mark is not permitted.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete containing any type of aggregate, whether it be dense, cellular, or lightweight.  
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Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete

ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the density of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the unit weight, yield or relative yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials. The test method shall use the following apparatuses: balance or scale; tamping rod, which is a round straight steel rod having the tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip; internal vibrator which may have rigid of flexible shafts, preferably powered by electric motors; measure, which is a cylindrical container made of steel or other suitable metal specified herein; strike-off plate; mallet; and scoop of a size large enough so each amount of concrete obtained from the sampling receptacle is representative and small enough so it is not spilled during placement in the measure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the density (see Note 1) of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials.  
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