C09.21 - Lightweight Aggregates and Concrete

ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete not exposed to the weather, in which the prime consideration is the thermal insulating property of the resulting concrete. Two general types of lightweight aggregate are group I aggregates, which are prepared by expanding products, such as perlite or vermiculite, and group II aggregates which are prepared by expanding, calcining, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; and aggregates prepared by processing natural materials, such as pumice, scoria, or tuff. The thermal insulating properties of concrete made from the lightweight aggregate under test shall conform to the maximum average thermal conductivity indicated in the specification. To ensure reasonable uniformity in the gradation of successive shipments of lightweight aggregates, fineness modulus determination shall be made periodically. The aggregate shall be composed predominantly of lightweight cellular and granular inorganic material. The test methods for insulating concrete properties include specimen preparation, then concrete density determination, and determinacy of thermal conductivity. When lightweight aggregates covered by this specification are delivered in packages, the name of the manufacturer, type of aggregate, and minimum mass and approximate volume of the contents shall be plainly indicated thereon.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete not exposed to the weather, in which the prime consideration is the thermal insulating property of the resulting concrete.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.3 With regard to sieve size and the size of aggregate as determined by the use of testing sieves, the values in inch-pound units are shown for the convenience of the user; however, the standard sieve designation shown in parentheses is the standard value as stated in Specification E11.  
1.3.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of the specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete. Two general types of lightweight aggregates are covered by this specification: aggregates prepared by expanding, pelletizing, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; and aggregates prepared by processing natural materials, such as pumice, scoria, or tuff. The aggregates shall be composed predominately of lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material. Lightweight aggregates shall be tested, and should not contain excessive amounts of deleterious substances; and should conform to the specified values of organic impurities, aggregate staining, aggregate loss of ignition, clay lumps and friable particles, loose bulk density, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, popouts, and resistance to freezing and thawing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1: This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory lightweight aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized that it may be either more or less restrictive than needed for some conditions and for special purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, and concrete constructions, the use of which is based on load tests rather than conventional design procedures.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method evaluates the potential degree of staining attributable to the presence of iron compounds in a lightweight aggregate sample primarily by means of a visual classification method. Such compounds may or may not produce stains on the surface of the concrete in which the aggregate is incorporated.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing of lightweight concrete aggregates to evaluate the potential degree of staining from iron compounds.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregate intended to provide water for internal curing of concrete. It includes test methods for determining the absorption and desorption properties of lightweight aggregate.
Note 1: Internal curing provides an additional source of water to sustain hydration and substantially reduce the early-age autogenous shrinkage and self-desiccation that can be significant contributors to early-age cracking. Appendix X1 provides guidance on calculating the quantity of lightweight aggregate for internal curing.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
Note 2: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units. Three general types of lightweight aggregates are covered by this specification: aggregates prepared by expanding, palletizing, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; aggregates prepared by processing natural materials such as pumice, scoria, or tuff; and aggregates consisting of end products of coal or coke combustion. The aggregates shall be composed predominately of lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material. The aggregates shall not contain excessive amounts of deleterious substances, as determined by organic impurities, staining, and loss on ignition tests. Lightweight aggregate under test shall meet requirements for clay lumps and friable particles, uniformity of grading, loose bulk density, uniformity of loose bulk density, popouts, resistance to freezing and thawing, and drying shrinkage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method provides standardized requirements for sampling, molding, curing, and testing lightweight insulating concretes for the purpose of determining compliance with compressive strength and density specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the preparation of specimens and the determination of the compressive strength of lightweight insulating concrete having an oven-dry density not exceeding 800 kg/m3  [50 lb/ft3] as determined by the procedures described herein. This test method covers the preparation and testing of molded 75 by 150-mm [3 by 6-in.] cylinders.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to determine the compressive strength of hardened lightweight insulating concrete using samples taken from the field. The test results can be used to determine specification compliance when results of tests on specimens molded at the time of construction are not available or are defective, and to establish the strength properties of existing construction.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers obtaining, preparing, and testing specimens of hardened, lightweight, insulating concrete made with either lightweight aggregate conforming to Specification C332 or using preformed foam made from a foaming agent conforming to Specification C869/C869M and having an oven-dry density not exceeding 800 kg/m3  [50 lb/ft3].  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measured or calculated equilibrium density of structural lightweight concrete determines whether specified density requirements have been met. Unless otherwise specified, determine equilibrium density by calculation using the procedures in 9.2.  
5.2 Test Method C138/C138M shall be used to determine the density of freshly mixed lightweight concrete for compliance with concrete placement specifications.
Note 1: The fresh density of lightweight aggregate concrete is a function of mixture proportions, air content, water demand, and the specific density and moisture content of the lightweight aggregate. Decrease in density of a specific lightweight concrete is due to moisture loss that, in turn, is a function of aggregate moisture content, ambient conditions, and the ratio of the surface area to the volume of the concrete member. For most structural lightweight concretes, equilibrium density is approached at about 90 days. For most high-strength lightweight concretes, equilibrium density is approached at about 180 days. Extensive tests demonstrate that despite variations in the initial moisture content of lightweight aggregate, the equilibrium density will be approximately 50 kg/m3  [3.0 lb/ft3] greater than the oven-dry density.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures to determine the oven-dry and equilibrium densities of structural lightweight concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregate intended to provide water for internal curing of concrete. It includes test methods for determining the absorption and desorption properties of lightweight aggregate.
Note 1: Internal curing provides an additional source of water to sustain hydration and substantially reduce the early-age autogenous shrinkage and self-desiccation that can be significant contributors to early-age cracking. Appendix X1 provides guidance on calculating the quantity of lightweight aggregate for internal curing.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
Note 2: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete not exposed to the weather, in which the prime consideration is the thermal insulating property of the resulting concrete. Two general types of lightweight aggregate are group I aggregates, which are prepared by expanding products, such as perlite or vermiculite, and group II aggregates which are prepared by expanding, calcining, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; and aggregates prepared by processing natural materials, such as pumice, scoria, or tuff. The thermal insulating properties of concrete made from the lightweight aggregate under test shall conform to the maximum average thermal conductivity indicated in the specification. To ensure reasonable uniformity in the gradation of successive shipments of lightweight aggregates, fineness modulus determination shall be made periodically. The aggregate shall be composed predominantly of lightweight cellular and granular inorganic material. The test methods for insulating concrete properties include specimen preparation, then concrete density determination, and determinacy of thermal conductivity. When lightweight aggregates covered by this specification are delivered in packages, the name of the manufacturer, type of aggregate, and minimum mass and approximate volume of the contents shall be plainly indicated thereon.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete not exposed to the weather, in which the prime consideration is the thermal insulating property of the resulting concrete.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.3 With regard to sieve size and the size of aggregate as determined by the use of testing sieves, the values in inch-pound units are shown for the convenience of the user; however, the standard sieve designation shown in parentheses is the standard value as stated in Specification E11.  
1.3.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of the specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method evaluates the potential degree of staining attributable to the presence of iron compounds in a lightweight aggregate sample primarily by means of a visual classification method. Such compounds may or may not produce stains on the surface of the concrete in which the aggregate is incorporated.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing of lightweight concrete aggregates to evaluate the potential degree of staining from iron compounds.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete. Two general types of lightweight aggregates are covered by this specification: aggregates prepared by expanding, pelletizing, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; and aggregates prepared by processing natural materials, such as pumice, scoria, or tuff. The aggregates shall be composed predominately of lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material. Lightweight aggregates shall be tested, and should not contain excessive amounts of deleterious substances; and should conform to the specified values of organic impurities, aggregate staining, aggregate loss of ignition, clay lumps and friable particles, loose bulk density, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, popouts, and resistance to freezing and thawing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1: This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory lightweight aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized that it may be either more or less restrictive than needed for some conditions and for special purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, and concrete constructions, the use of which is based on load tests rather than conventional design procedures.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units. Three general types of lightweight aggregates are covered by this specification: aggregates prepared by expanding, palletizing, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; aggregates prepared by processing natural materials such as pumice, scoria, or tuff; and aggregates consisting of end products of coal or coke combustion. The aggregates shall be composed predominately of lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material. The aggregates shall not contain excessive amounts of deleterious substances, as determined by organic impurities, staining, and loss on ignition tests. Lightweight aggregate under test shall meet requirements for clay lumps and friable particles, uniformity of grading, loose bulk density, uniformity of loose bulk density, popouts, resistance to freezing and thawing, and drying shrinkage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete. Two general types of lightweight aggregates are covered by this specification: aggregates prepared by expanding, pelletizing, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; and aggregates prepared by processing natural materials, such as pumice, scoria, or tuff. The aggregates shall be composed predominately of lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material. Lightweight aggregates shall be tested, and should not contain excessive amounts of deleterious substances; and should conform to the specified values of organic impurities, aggregate staining, aggregate loss of ignition, clay lumps and friable particles, loose bulk density, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, popouts, and resistance to freezing and thawing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1: This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory lightweight aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized that it may be either more or less restrictive than needed for some conditions and for special purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, and concrete constructions, the use of which is based on load tests rather than conventional design procedures.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregate intended to provide water for internal curing of concrete. It includes test methods for determining the absorption and desorption properties of lightweight aggregate.
Note 1: Internal curing provides an additional source of water to sustain hydration and substantially reduce the early-age autogenous shrinkage and self-desiccation that can be significant contributors to early-age cracking. Appendix X1 provides guidance on calculating the quantity of lightweight aggregate for internal curing.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
Note 2: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete. Two general types of lightweight aggregates are covered by this specification: aggregates prepared by expanding, pelletizing, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; and aggregates prepared by processing natural materials, such as pumice, scoria, or tuff. The aggregates shall be composed predominately of lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material. Lightweight aggregates shall be tested, and should not contain excessive amounts of deleterious substances; and should conform to the specified values of organic impurities, aggregate staining, aggregate loss of ignition, clay lumps and friable particles, loose bulk density, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, popouts, and resistance to freezing and thawing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1—This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory lightweight aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized that it may be either more or less restrictive than needed for some conditions and for special purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, and concrete constructions, the use of which is based on load tests rather than conventional design procedures.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units. Three general types of lightweight aggregates are covered by this specification: aggregates prepared by expanding, palletizing, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; aggregates prepared by processing natural materials such as pumice, scoria, or tuff; and aggregates consisting of end products of coal or coke combustion. The aggregates shall be composed predominately of lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material. The aggregates shall not contain excessive amounts of deleterious substances, as determined by organic impurities, staining, and loss on ignition tests. Lightweight aggregate under test shall meet requirements for clay lumps and friable particles, uniformity of grading, loose bulk density, uniformity of loose bulk density, popouts, resistance to freezing and thawing, and drying shrinkage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.Note 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measured or calculated equilibrium density of structural lightweight concrete determines whether specified density requirements have been met. Unless otherwise specified, determine equilibrium density by calculation using the procedures in 9.2.  
5.2 Test Method C138/C138M shall be used to determine the density of freshly mixed lightweight concrete for compliance with concrete placement specifications.Note 1—The fresh density of lightweight aggregate concrete is a function of mixture proportions, air content, water demand, and the specific density and moisture content of the lightweight aggregate. Decrease in density of a specific lightweight concrete is due to moisture loss that, in turn, is a function of aggregate moisture content, ambient conditions, and the ratio of the surface area to the volume of the concrete member. For most structural lightweight concretes, equilibrium density is approached at about 90 days. For most high-strength lightweight concretes, equilibrium density is approached at about 180 days. Extensive tests demonstrate that despite variations in the initial moisture content of lightweight aggregate, the equilibrium density will be approximately 50 kg/m3  [3.0 lb/ft3] greater than the oven-dry density.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures to determine the oven-dry and equilibrium densities of structural lightweight concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete. Two general types of lightweight aggregates are covered by this specification: aggregates prepared by expanding, pelletizing, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; and aggregates prepared by processing natural materials, such as pumice, scoria, or tuff. The aggregates shall be composed predominately of lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material. Lightweight aggregates shall be tested, and should not contain excessive amounts of deleterious substances; and should conform to the specified values of organic impurities, aggregate staining, aggregate loss of ignition, clay lumps and friable particles, loose bulk density, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, popouts, and resistance to freezing and thawing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1—This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory lightweight aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized that it may be either more or less restrictive than needed for some conditions and for special purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, and concrete constructions, the use of which is based on load tests rather than conventional design procedures.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregate intended to provide water for internal curing of concrete. It includes test methods for determining the absorption and desorption properties of lightweight aggregate. Note 1—Internal curing provides an additional source of water to sustain hydration and substantially reduce the early-age autogenous shrinkage and self-desiccation that can be significant contributors to early-age cracking. Appendix X1 provides guidance on calculating the quantity of lightweight aggregate for internal curing.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice. Note 2—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregate intended to provide water for internal curing of concrete. It includes test methods for determining the absorption and desorption properties of lightweight aggregate. Note 1—Internal curing provides an additional source of water to sustain hydration and substantially reduce the early-age autogenous shrinkage and self-desiccation that can be significant contributors to early-age cracking. Appendix X1 provides guidance on calculating the quantity of lightweight aggregate for internal curing.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice. Note 2—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregate intended to provide water for internal curing of concrete. It includes test methods for determining the absorption and desorption properties of lightweight aggregate. Note 1—Internal curing provides an additional source of water to sustain hydration and substantially reduce the early-age autogenous shrinkage and self-desiccation that can be significant contributors to early-age cracking. Appendix X1 provides guidance on calculating the quantity of lightweight aggregate for internal curing.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice. Note 2—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregate intended to provide water for internal curing of concrete. It includes test methods for determining the absorption and desorption properties of lightweight aggregate.  
Note 1—Internal curing provides an additional source of water to sustain hydration and substantially reduce the early-age autogenous shrinkage and self-desiccation that can be significant contributors to early-age cracking. Appendix X1 provides guidance on calculating the quantity of lightweight aggregate for internal curing.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
Note 2—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides standardized requirements for sampling, molding, curing, and testing lightweight insulating concretes for the purpose of determining compliance with compressive strength and density specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the preparation of specimens and the determination of the compressive strength of lightweight insulating concrete having an oven-dry density not exceeding 800 kg/m3  [50 lb/ft3] as determined by the procedures described herein. This test method covers the preparation and testing of molded 75 by 150-mm [3 by 6-in.] cylinders.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The measured or calculated equilibrium density of structural lightweight concrete determines whether specified density requirements have been met. Unless otherwise specified, determine equilibrium density by calculation using the procedures in 9.2.
Test Method C138/C138M shall be used to determine the density of freshly mixed lightweight concrete for compliance with concrete placement specifications.
Note 1—The fresh density of lightweight aggregate concrete is a function of mixture proportions, air content, water demand, and the specific density and moisture content of the lightweight aggregate. Decrease in density of a specific lightweight concrete is due to moisture loss that, in turn, is a function of aggregate moisture content, ambient conditions, and the ratio of the surface area to the volume of the concrete member. For most structural lightweight concretes, equilibrium density is approached at about 90 days. For most high-strength lightweight concretes, equilibrium density is approached at about 180 days. Extensive tests demonstrate that despite variations in the initial moisture content of lightweight aggregate, the equilibrium density will be approximately 50 kg/m3  [3.0 lb/ft3] greater than the oven-dry density.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures to determine the oven-dry and equilibrium densities of structural lightweight concrete.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ^REFERENCE:
ASTM Standards:  
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
C88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
C172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C470/C470M Specification for Molds for Forming Concrete Test Cylinders Vertically
E104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity by Means of Aqueous Solutions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine the compressive strength of hardened lightweight insulating concrete using samples taken from the field. The test results can be used to determine specification compliance when results of tests on specimens molded at the time of construction are not available or are defective, and to establish the strength properties of existing construction.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers obtaining, preparing, and testing specimens of hardened, lightweight, insulating concrete made with either lightweight aggregate conforming to Specification C332 or using preformed foam made from a foaming agent conforming to Specification C869 and having an oven-dry density not exceeding 800 kg/m3  [50 lb/ft3].
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to determine the compressive strength of hardened lightweight insulating concrete using samples taken from the field. The test results can be used to determine specification compliance when results of tests on specimens molded at the time of construction are not available or are defective, and to establish the strength properties of existing construction.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers obtaining, preparing, and testing specimens of hardened, lightweight, insulating concrete made with either lightweight aggregate conforming to Specification C332 or using preformed foam made from a foaming agent conforming to Specification C869 and having an oven-dry density not exceeding 800 kg/m3  [50 lb/ft3].  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units. Three general types of lightweight aggregates are covered by this specification: aggregates prepared by expanding, palletizing, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; aggregates prepared by processing natural materials such as pumice, scoria, or tuff; and aggregates consisting of end products of coal or coke combustion. The aggregates shall be composed predominately of lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material. The aggregates shall not contain excessive amounts of deleterious substances, as determined by organic impurities, staining, and loss on ignition tests. Lightweight aggregate under test shall meet requirements for clay lumps and friable particles, uniformity of grading, loose bulk density, uniformity of loose bulk density, popouts, resistance to freezing and thawing, and drying shrinkage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
Note 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete. Two general types of lightweight aggregates are covered by this specification: aggregates prepared by expanding, pelletizing, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; and aggregates prepared by processing natural materials, such as pumice, scoria, or tuff. The aggregates shall be composed predominately of lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material. Lightweight aggregates shall be tested, and should not contain excessive amounts of deleterious substances; and should conform to the specified values of organic impurities, aggregate staining, aggregate loss of ignition, clay lumps and friable particles, loose bulk density, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, popouts, and resistance to freezing and thawing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1—This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory lightweight aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized that it may be either more or less restrictive than needed for some conditions and for special purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, and concrete constructions, the use of which is based on load tests rather than conventional design procedures.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete not exposed to the weather, in which the prime consideration is the thermal insulating property of the resulting concrete. Two general types of lightweight aggregate are group I aggregates, which are prepared by expanding products, such as perlite or vermiculite, and group II aggregates which are prepared by expanding, calcining, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; and aggregates prepared by processing natural materials, such as pumice, scoria, or tuff. The thermal insulating properties of concrete made from the lightweight aggregate under test shall conform to the maximum average thermal conductivity indicated in the specification. To ensure reasonable uniformity in the gradation of successive shipments of lightweight aggregates, fineness modulus determination shall be made periodically. The aggregate shall be composed predominantly of lightweight cellular and granular inorganic material. The test methods for insulating concrete properties include specimen preparation, then concrete density determination, and determinacy of thermal conductivity. When lightweight aggregates covered by this specification are delivered in packages, the name of the manufacturer, type of aggregate, and minimum mass and approximate volume of the contents shall be plainly indicated thereon.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete not exposed to the weather, in which the prime consideration is the thermal insulating property of the resulting concrete.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.3 With regard to sieve size and the size of aggregate as determined by the use of testing sieves, the values in inch-pound units are shown for the convenience of the user; however, the standard sieve designation shown in parentheses is the standard value as stated in Specification E11.
1.3.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of the specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method evaluates the potential degree of staining attributable to the presence of iron compounds in a lightweight aggregate sample primarily by means of a visual classification method. Such compounds may or may not produce stains on the surface of the concrete in which the aggregate is incorporated.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing of lightweight concrete aggregates to evaluate the potential degree of staining from iron compounds.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete not exposed to the weather, in which the prime consideration is the thermal insulating property of the resulting concrete. Two general types of lightweight aggregate are group I aggregates, which are prepared by expanding products, such as perlite or vermiculite, and group II aggregates which are prepared by expanding, calcining, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; and aggregates prepared by processing natural materials, such as pumice, scoria, or tuff. The thermal insulating properties of concrete made from the lightweight aggregate under test shall conform to the maximum average thermal conductivity indicated in the specification. To ensure reasonable uniformity in the gradation of successive shipments of lightweight aggregates, fineness modulus determination shall be made periodically. The aggregate shall be composed predominantly of lightweight cellular and granular inorganic material. The test methods for insulating concrete properties include specimen preparation, then concrete density determination, and determinacy of thermal conductivity. When lightweight aggregates covered by this specification are delivered in packages, the name of the manufacturer, type of aggregate, and minimum mass and approximate volume of the contents shall be plainly indicated thereon.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete not exposed to the weather, in which the prime consideration is the thermal insulating property of the resulting concrete.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.3 With regard to sieve size and the size of aggregate as determined by the use of testing sieves, the values in inch-pound units are shown for the convenience of the user; however, the standard sieve designation shown in parentheses is the standard value as stated in Specification E 11.
1.3.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of the specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides standardized requirements for sampling, molding, curing, and testing lightweight insulating concretes for the purpose of determining compliance with compressive strength and density specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the preparation of specimens and the determination of the compressive strength of lightweight insulating concrete having an oven-dry density not exceeding 50 lb/ft3  (800 kg/m3) as determined by the procedures described herein. This test method covers the preparation and testing of molded 3 by 6-in. (75 by 150-mm) cylinders.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method evaluates the potential degree of staining attributable to the presence of iron compounds in a lightweight aggregate sample primarily by means of a visual classification method. Such compounds may or may not produce stains on the surface of the concrete in which the aggregate is incorporated.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing of lightweight concrete aggregates to evaluate the potential degree of staining from iron compounds.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The measured or calculated equilibrium density of structural lightweight concrete determines whether specified density requirements have been met. Unless otherwise specified, determine equilibrium density by calculation using the procedures in 9.2.
Test Method C 138/C 138M shall be used to determine the density of freshly mixed lightweight concrete for compliance with concrete placement specifications.
Note 1—The fresh density of lightweight aggregate concrete is a function of mixture proportions, air content, water demand, and the specific density and moisture content of the lightweight aggregate. Decrease in density of a specific lightweight concrete is due to moisture loss that, in turn, is a function of aggregate moisture content, ambient conditions, and the ratio of the surface area to the volume of the concrete member. For most structural lightweight concretes, equilibrium density is approached at about 90 days. For most high-strength lightweight concretes, equilibrium density is approached at about 180 days. Extensive tests demonstrate that despite variations in the initial moisture content of lightweight aggregate, the equilibrium density will be approximately 50 kg/m3  (3.0 lb/ft3) greater than the oven-dry density.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures to determine the oven-dry and equilibrium densities of structural lightweight concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units. Three general types of lightweight aggregates are covered by this specification: aggregates prepared by expanding, palletizing, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; aggregates prepared by processing natural materials such as pumice, scoria, or tuff; and aggregates consisting of end products of coal or coke combustion. The aggregates shall be composed predominately of lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material. The aggregates shall not contain excessive amounts of deleterious substances, as determined by organic impurities, staining, and loss on ignition tests. Lightweight aggregate under test shall meet requirements for clay lumps and friable particles, uniformity of grading, loose bulk density, uniformity of loose bulk density, popouts, resistance to freezing and thawing, and drying shrinkage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory materials. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete. Two general types of lightweight aggregates are covered by this specification: aggregates prepared by expanding, pelletizing, or sintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale, or slate; and aggregates prepared by processing natural materials, such as pumice, scoria, or tuff. The aggregates shall be composed predominately of lightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material. Lightweight aggregates shall be tested, and should not contain excessive amounts of deleterious substances; and should conform to the specified values of organic impurities, aggregate staining, aggregate loss of ignition, clay lumps and friable particles, loose bulk density, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, popouts, and resistance to freezing and thawing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.2.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1—This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory lightweight aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized that it may be either more or less restrictive than needed for some conditions and for special purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, and concrete constructions, the use of which is based on load tests rather than conventional design procedures.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures to determine the oven-dry and equilibrium densities of structural lightweight concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures to determine the oven-dry and equilibrium densities of structural lightweight concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.2.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1—This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory lightweight aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized that it may be either more or less restrictive than needed for some conditions and for special purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, and concrete constructions, the use of which is based on load tests rather than conventional design procedures.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory materials. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory materials. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.2.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1—This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory lightweight aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized that it may be either more or less restrictive than needed for some conditions and for special purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, and concrete constructions, the use of which is based on load tests rather than conventional design procedures.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.2.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1—This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory lightweight aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized that it may be either more or less restrictive than needed for some conditions and for special purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, and concrete constructions, the use of which is based on load tests rather than conventional design procedures.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory materials. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.2.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1—This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory lightweight aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized that it may be either more or less restrictive than needed for some conditions and for special purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, and concrete constructions, the use of which is based on load tests rather than conventional design procedures.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in structural concrete in which prime considerations are reducing the density while maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for job control of concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.2.1 With regard to other units of measure, the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1—This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory lightweight aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized that it may be either more or less restrictive than needed for some conditions and for special purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, and concrete constructions, the use of which is based on load tests rather than conventional design procedures.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory materials. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory materials. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggregates intended for use in concrete masonry units when a prime consideration is to reduce the density of the units.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory materials. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.