ASTM B789/B789M-99(2011)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Installing Corrugated Aluminum Structural Plate Pipe for Culverts and Sewers
Standard Practice for Installing Corrugated Aluminum Structural Plate Pipe for Culverts and Sewers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Corrugated aluminum structural plate pipe functions structurally as a flexible ring that is supported by and interacts with the compacted surrounding soil. The soil placed around the structure is thus an integral part of the structural system. It is therefore important to ensure that the soil structure is made up of the acceptable material and well-constructed. Field verification of soil structure acceptability using Test Methods D1556, D2167, D2922, or D2937, as applicable, and comparing the results with Test Methods D698 or D1557, in accordance with the specifications for each project, is the most reliable basis for installation of an acceptable structure. The required density and method of measurement are not specified by this practice but must be established in the specifications for each project.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures, soils, and soil placement for the proper installation of corrugated aluminum structural plate culverts and sewers in either trench or embankment installations. A typical trench installation is shown in Fig. 1, and a typical embankment (projection) installation is shown in Fig. 2. Structural plate structures as described herein are those structures factory fabricated in plate form and bolted together on site to provide the required shape, size, and length of structure. This practice applies to structures designed in accordance with Practice B790/B790M.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B789/B789M − 99(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Practice for
Installing Corrugated Aluminum Structural Plate Pipe for
Culverts and Sewers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B789/B789M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
kN-m/m ))
1.1 This practice covers procedures, soils, and soil place-
D1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
ment for the proper installation of corrugated aluminum
Place by Sand-Cone Method
structural plate culverts and sewers in either trench or embank-
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
ment installations.Atypical trench installation is shown in Fig.
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
1, and a typical embankment (projection) installation is shown
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
in Fig. 2. Structural plate structures as described herein are
D2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
those structures factory fabricated in plate form and bolted
Place by the Rubber Balloon Method
together on site to provide the required shape, size, and length
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
of structure. This practice applies to structures designed in
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
accordance with Practice B790/B790M.
D2922 Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) (With-
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
drawn 2007)
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
D2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
Drive-Cylinder Method
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
3. Terminology
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 arch, n—segment of a circular shape spanning an open
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
invert between the footings on which it rests.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.2 bedding, n—earth or other material on which a pipe is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
supported.
3.1.3 haunch, n—portion of the pipe cross section between
2. Referenced Documents
the maximum horizontal dimension and the top of the bedding.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 invert, n—lowest point on the pipe cross section; also,
B746/B746M Specification for CorrugatedAluminumAlloy
the bottom portion of a pipe.
Structural Plate for Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and
3.1.5 pipe, n—conduit having a full circular shape; also, in
Arches
a general context, all structure shapes covered by this specifi-
B790/B790M Practice for Structural Design of Corrugated
cation.
Aluminum Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches for Culverts,
Storm Sewers, and Other Buried Conduits 3.1.6 pipe-arch, n—pipe with an approximate semicircular
crown, small-radius corners, and large-radius invert.
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3.1.7 underpass, n—pipe with an approximate semicircular
crown, large-radius sides, small-radius corners between sides
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light
and invert, and large-radius invert.
Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.08 on
Corrugated Aluminum Pipe and Corrugated Aluminum Structural Plate.
4. Significance and Use
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as B789/B789M – 05.
4.1 Corrugated aluminum structural plate pipe functions
DOI: 10.1520/B0789_B0789M-99R11.
structurally as a flexible ring that is supported by and interacts
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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B789/B789M − 99 (2011)
6. Foundation
6.1 The supporting soil beneath the structure must provide a
reasonably uniform resistance to the imposed load, both
longitudinally and laterally. Sharp variations in the foundation
must be avoided. When rock is encountered, it must be
excavatedandreplacedwithsoil.Ifthestructureistobeplaced
onacontinuousrockfoundation,itwillbenecessarytoprovide
a bedding of soil between the rock and the structure. See Fig.
3.
6.2 Lateral changes in foundation should never be such that
the structure is firmly supported while the backfill on either
side is not.When soft material is encountered in the foundation
and must be removed to maintain the grade on the structure,
then it must be removed, usually for a minimum of three
structure widths. See Fig. 4. A smaller width of removal can
sometimes be used if established by the engineer.
FIG. 1 Typical Trench Installation
6.3 Performance of buried structures is enhanced by allow-
ing the structure to settle slightly relative to the columns of
earth alongside. Therefore, when significant settlement of the
overall foundation is expected, it is beneficial to provide a
yieldingfoundationunderstructuralplatestructures.Ayielding
foundationisonethatallowsthestructuretosettleverticallyby
a greater amount than the vertical settlement of the columns of
earth alongside. It can usually be obtained by placing beneath
the structure a layer of suitable thickness of compressible soil,
less densely compacted than the soil alongside. This is particu-
larly important on structures with relatively large-radius invert
plates.
6.4 For all structures with relatively small-radius corner
FIG. 2 Typical Embankment (Projection) Installation
plates adjacent to large-radius invert plates (such as pipe-
arches or underpass structures), excellent soil support must be
provided adjacent to the small-radius corner plates by both the
in-situ foundation and the structural backfill. See Fig. 4 and
with the compacted surrounding soil. The soil placed around
Fig. 5. A yielding foundation must be provided beneath the
the structure is thus an integral part of the structural system. It
is therefore important to ensure that the soil structure is made
up of the acceptable material and well-constructed. Field
verification of soil structure acceptability using Test Methods
D1556, D2167, D2922,or D2937, as applicable, and compar-
ing the results with Test Methods D698 or D1557, in accor-
dance with the specifications for each project, is the most
reliable basis for installation of an acceptable structure. The
required density and method of measurement are not specified
by this practice but must be established in the specifications for
each project.
5. Trench Excavation
5.1 To obtain the anticipated structural performance of
structural plate structures, it is not necessary to control trench
width beyond the minimum necessary for proper assembly of
the structure and placement of the structural backfill. However,
the soil on each side beyond the excavated trench must be able
to support anticipated loads. When a construction situation
calls for a relatively wide trench, it may be made as wide as
required for its full depth, if so desired. However, trench 1
d = ⁄2 in./ft. [40 mm/m] of fill over pipe, with a 24-in. [600 mm] maximum.
excavation must be in compliance with any local, state, and
NOTE 1—Section B-B is applicable to all continuous rock foundations
federal codes and safety regulations. FIG. 3 Foundation Transition Zones and Rock Foundations
B789/B789M − 99 (2011)
ashapedbeddingonayieldingfoundation.Thebeddingshould
be shaped to facilitate the required compaction of the structural
backfill under the haunches. A shaped bedding on a yielding
foundation is always required under structures with small-
radius corner plates adjacent to large-radius invert plates.
7.3 Material in contact with the pipe must not contain rock
retained on a 3-in. [75-mm] diameter ring, frozen lumps,
chunks of highly plastic clay, organic matter, corrosive
material, or other deleterious material.
8. Assembly
8.1 Structural plate structures are furnished in components
of plates and fasteners for field assembly. These components
are furnished in accordance with Specification B746/B746M.
Plates are furnished in a 4 ft, 6 in. [1372 mm] width and
FIG. 4 Soft Foundation Treatment
multiple lengths, preformed and punched for assembling into
the required structure shape, size, and length.The plate lengths
form the periphery of the structure. Arrange the single width
and the multiple lengths to allow for staggered, transverse
seams to avoid four-plate laps. The fabricator of the structural
plate shall furnish an assembly drawing showing the location
of each plate by width, length, thickness, and curvature. The
plates must be assembled in accordance with the fabricator’s
drawing.
8.2 For structures with inverts, assembly shall begin with
the invert plates at the downstream end. As the assembly
proceeds upstream, plates that fall fully or partly below the
maximum width of the structure are lapped over the preceding
plates to construct the transverse seams.
8.3 Arches on Footings:
8.3.1 Footings—Arches have no integral invert and usually
rest in key ways cast into footings. Key ways must be
accurately set to span, line, and grade, as shown in the plans
and specifications. When the arch is not a half circle, the key
way must be angled (rotated) or sized to allow proper entrance
of the plate. All pertinent dimensions must be shown on the
drawings.
8.3.2 Assembly—For arch structures, assembly typically
FIG. 5 Bedding and Corner Zone Treatment for Large-Radius In-
begins at the upstream end and proceeds downstream, with
vert Plate Structures
each succeeding plate lapping on the outside of the previous
plate. There may be cases where it is more advantageous to
invert plates for such structures when soft foundation condi-
start assembly at some other point along the length of the
tions are encountered.
structure, such as is in the case where an elbow is involved.
During the erection of the ring, plates are not self-supporting
7. Bedding
and must be temporarily supported. If the size of the key ways
7.1 In most cases, structural plate structures may be as-
is such that the plates may move during backfilling, the plates
sembled directly on in-situ material fine-graded to proper
must be temporarily blocked in the key ways to maintain span.
alignment and grade. Take care to compact the material
Assemble as few plates as practical. Start with a row of several
beneath the haunches prior to placing structural backfill. For
plates along both of the footings. Before finishing the bottom
structures with relatively small-radius corner plates adjacent to
row of plates, start at the end of the structure with the next row
large-radiusinvertplates,itisrecommendedtoeithershapethe
ofplates.Beforereachingtheendofthefirstrowofplates,start
bedding to the invert plate radius or fine-grade the foundation
again at the end of the structure with the next row of plates.
to a slight v-shape. The soil adjacent to the corners must be of
Continue this process until the first ring is closed at its top, and
an excellent quality and highly compacted to accommodate the
then continue assembling all rows in this same manner. The
high reaction pressures that can develop at that location. See
structure will have a “stair step” appearance as a result of this
Fig. 5.
procedure. This practice helps to hold the structure’s shape.
7.2 Structures having a span greater than 15 ft [4.5 m] or a 8.4 Generally, structural plate should be assembled with as
depth of cover greater than 20 ft [6 m] should be provided with few bolts as practical. These bolts should be placed loose and
B789/B789M − 99 (2011)
A,B
TABLE 1 Structural Backfill Width Requirements
remainlooseuntiltheperipheryhasbeencompletedforseveral
Adjacent Material Required Structural Backfill Width
plate lengths. However, on large structures, it is practical to
Normal highway embankment As needed to establish pipe bedding and
align bolt holes during assembly and tighten the bolts to
compacted to minimum of to place and compact the backfill in the
maintain structure shape.After the periphery of the structure is
90 % Test Methods D698 haunch area and beside the pipe. Where
density, or equivalent trench backfill materials that do not require com-
completedforseveralplatelengths,allboltsmaybeplacedand
wall. paction are used, such as cement slurry or
tightened. Correct any significant deviation in the structure
controlled low strength material (CLSM), a
shape before tightening bolts (see Section 10). It is advisable
minimum of 3 in. [75 mm] on each side of
thepipeisrequired.
not to tighten bolts on the loosely assembled structure within a
Embankment or trench wall of Increase backfill width as necessary to
distance of 30 ft [9 m] of where plate assembly is ongoing.All
lesser quality. reduce horizontal pressure from pipe to a
bolts shall be tightened using an applied torque of between 100 level compatible with bearing capacity of
adjacent materials.
and 150 ft·lbf [135 and 205 N·m]. It is important not to
A
For pipe arches and other multiple radius structures, as well as for all structures
over-torque the bolts.
carryingoff-roadconstructionequipment,thestructuralbackfillwidth,includingany
8.5 Standard structural plate structures, because of the necessary foundation improvement materials, must be sufficient to reduce the
horizontal pressure from the structure so that it does not exceed the bearing
bolted construction, are not intended to be watertight. On
capacity of the adjacent material.
occasions where a degree of watertightness is required, it is B
In embankment construction, the structural backfill width must be adequate to
practical to introduce a seam sealant tape within the bolted resist forces caused by the embankment construction equipment. Generally, the
width on each side o
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