ASTM D6477-13
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all definitions developed by Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cords and Fabrics.
1.2 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to the tire cord fabric industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the tire cord fabric industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, this terminology is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee's terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept are defined in different words.
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Designation: D6477 − 13
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6477; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Reinforcing Cords to Rubber Compounds by H-Test
Procedure
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all definitions
D4974 Test Method for Hot Air Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn
developed by Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cords and Fab-
and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven
rics.
D4975 Test Methods for Single-Filament Tire Bead Wire
1.2 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to the tire
Made from Steel
cord fabric industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside
D5591 Test Method for Thermal Shrinkage Force of Yarn
the tire cord fabric industry can be found in other compilations
and Cord With a Thermal Shrinkage Force Tester
or in dictionaries of general usage.
D6320 Test Methods for Single Filament Hose Reinforcing
Wire Made from Steel
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, this termi-
nology is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee’s D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose
Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
terminology.Thisincludes finding, eliminating, and preventing
redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the
same concept are defined in different words. 3. Terminology
adhesion, n—in tire fabrics, the force required to separate a
2. Referenced Documents
textile material from rubber or other elastomer by a definite
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
prescribed method. D1871, D2229, D4393, D4776
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
adhesion, n—the property denoting the ability of a material to
D885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and
resist delamination or separation into two or more layers.
Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured
D6477
Organic-Base Fibers
D1871 Test Method for Adhesion Between Tire Bead Wire
adhesive treated tire cord, n—a tire cord whose adhesion to
and Rubber
rubber or other elastomer has been improved by the appli-
D2229 Test Method for Adhesion Between Steel Tire Cords
cation of a dip followed by rapid drying and (normally)
and Rubber
additional heat treatment. D5591
D2692 Test Method for Air Wicking of Tire Fabrics, Tire
Cord Fabrics, Tire Cord, and Yarns air wicking,n—intires,thepassageofairlongitudinallyalong
D2969 Test Methods for Steel Tire Cords
or through yarns in a fabric that has been encased and cured
D2970/D2970M Test Methods for Testing Tire Cords, Tire in rubber or other elastomer, that is, air permeability in the
Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Yarns Made From Glass
plane of the fabric. D2692
Filaments
breaking force, n—the maximum force applied to a material
D4393 Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing
carried to rupture.
Cords or Fabrics to Rubber Compounds
DISCUSSION—Materials that are brittle usually rupture at the maxi-
D4776 Test Method for Adhesion of Tire Cords and Other
mum force. Materials that are ductile are usually capable of withstand-
ing the maximum force without rupturing. For many years, it has been
the usual practice in the tire industry and related industries to use the
1
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
term breaking strength to characterize yarn and cord of a specified size
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and
and type without consideration of their unit size. Numerically, breaking
Metallic Reinforcements.
strength is equal to breaking force for the same specimen. The average
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published January 2013. Originally
of the breaking forces observed on two or more specimens of a specific
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6477–11. DOI:
sample is referred to as the sample breaking strength, which is the
10.1520/D6477-13.
property used in engineering calculations for a specific textile material.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Tensile strength and breaking tenacityare derived or calculated values
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
for materials that include consideration of the unit size of the materials.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. These terms can be used to compare intrinsic strengths of yarns and
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6477 − 11 D6477 − 13
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6477; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all definitions developed by Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cords and Fabrics.
1.2 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to the tire cord fabric industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the
tire cord fabric industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, this terminology is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee’s terminology.
This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept are
defined in different words.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base
Fibers
D1871 Test Method for Adhesion Between Tire Bead Wire and Rubber
D2229 Test Method for Adhesion Between Steel Tire Cords and Rubber
D2692 Test Method for Air Wicking of Tire Fabrics, Tire Cord Fabrics, Tire Cord, and Yarns
D2969 Test Methods for Steel Tire Cords
D2970/D2970M Test Methods for Testing Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Yarns Made From Glass Filaments
D4393 Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing Cords or Fabrics to Rubber Compounds
D4776 Test Method for Adhesion of Tire Cords and Other Reinforcing Cords to Rubber Compounds by H-Test Procedure
D4974 Test Method for Hot Air Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven
D4975 Test Methods for Single-Filament Tire Bead Wire Made from Steel
D5591 Test Method for Thermal Shrinkage Force of Yarn and Cord With a Thermal Shrinkage Force Tester
D6320 Test Methods for Single Filament Hose Reinforcing Wire Made from Steel
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
3. Terminology
adhesion, n—in tire fabrics, the force required to separate a textile material from rubber or other elastomer by a definite prescribed
method. D1871, D2229, D4393, D4776
adhesion, n—the property denoting the ability of a material to resist delamination or separation into two or more layers. D6477
adhesive treated tire cord, n—a tire cord whose adhesion to rubber or other elastomer has been improved by the application of
a dip followed by rapid drying and (normally) additional heat treatment. D5591
air wicking, n— in tires, the passage of air longitudinally along or through yarns in a fabric that has been encased and cured in
rubber or other elastomer, that is, air permeability in the plane of the fabric. D2692
breaking force, n—the maximum force applied to a material carried to rupture.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and Metallic
Reinforcements.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011Jan. 1, 2013. Published February 2011January 2013. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20092011 as
D6477–09.–11. DOI: 10.1520/D6477-11.10.1520/D6477-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6477 − 13
DISCUSSION—
Materials that are brittle usually rupture at the maximum force. Materials that are ductile are usually capable of withstanding the maximum force
without rupturing. For many years, it has been the usual practice in the tire industry and related industries to use the term breaking strength to
characterize yarn and cord of a specified size and type without consideration of their unit size. Numerically, breaking strength is equal to breaking force
for the same specimen. The average of the breaking forces observed on two or more specimens of a s
...
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