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ASTM D3686-08

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)

Standard Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Promulgations by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 29 CFR 1910.1000 designate that certain organic compounds must not be present in workplace atmospheres at concentrations above specific values.
This practice, when used in conjunction with Practice D 3687, will provide the needed accuracy and precision for the determination of airborne time-weighted average concentrations of many of the organic chemicals cited in CDC-99-74-45, HSM-99-71-31, NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 29 CFR 1910.1000, OSHA Chemical Sampling Information, OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods, HSE Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances, and BGIA GETIS Analytical Methods.
A partial list of chemicals for which this method is applicable is given in Annex A1, along with their OSHA permissible exposure limits.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a method for the sampling of atmospheres to determine the presence of certain organic vapors by means of adsorption on activated charcoal using a charcoal tube and a small portable sampling pump worn by a worker. A list of some of the organic chemical vapors that can be sampled by this practice is provided in Annex A1. This list is presented as an information guide and should not be considered as absolute or complete.
1.2 This practice does not cover any method of sampling that requires special impregnation of activated charcoal or other adsorption media.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific safety precaution is given in 9.4.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Dec-2008
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.04 - Workplace Air Quality
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3686-95(2001)e1 - Standard Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008
Replaced By
ASTM D3686-13 - Standard Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM D7339-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Carpet using a Specific Sorbent Tube and Thermal Desorption / Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM D5197-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyl Compounds in Air (Active Sampler Methodology)
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM D1356-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4844-16 - Standard Guide for Air Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for Worker Protection
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4861-23 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Selection of Analytical Techniques for Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Air
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM D3687-19 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM D6196-23 - Standard Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Parameters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions for Monitoring Volatile Organic Chemicals in Air
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM E1747-95(2019) - Standard Guide for Purity of Carbon Dioxide Used in Supercritical Fluid Applications
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4597-10(2021) - Standard Practice for Sampling Workplace Atmospheres to Collect Gases or Vapors with Solid Sorbent Diffusive Samplers
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM D5836-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and 2,6-Toluene Diisocyanate (2,6-TDI) in Workplace Atmospheres (1-2 PP Method)
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM D5578-04(2015) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethylene Oxide in Workplace Atmospheres (HBr Derivatization Method)
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4766-21 - Standard Test Method for Vinyl Chloride in Workplace Atmospheres (Charcoal Tube Method)
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM D5116-17 - Standard Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008

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ASTM D3686-08 - Standard Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)ASTM D3686-08 - Standard Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)
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REDLINE ASTM D3686-08 - Standard Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)REDLINE ASTM D3686-08 - Standard Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3686 − 08
StandardPractice for
Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound
1
Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 NIOSH Standards:
3
CDC-99-74-45 Documentation of NIOSH Validation Tests
1.1 This practice covers a method for the sampling of
HSM-99-71-31 Personal Sampler Pump for Charcoal
atmospheres to determine the presence of certain organic 3
Tubes; Final Report
vapors by means of adsorption on activated charcoal using a
4
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, Fourth Edition
charcoal tube and a small portable sampling pump worn by a
2.3 OSHA Standards:
worker.Alist of some of the organic chemical vapors that can
29 CFR 1910 Code of Federal Regulations Relating to
be sampled by this practice is provided in Annex A1. This list
Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
is presented as an information guide and should not be
5
Department of Labor
considered as absolute or complete.
6
OSHA Chemical Sampling Information
7
1.2 This practice does not cover any method of sampling OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods
8
that requires special impregnation of activated charcoal or
2.4 UK Health and Safety Executive:
other adsorption media.
Methods for Determination of Hazardous Substances
(MDHS)
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
2.5 Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitsschulz
standard.
9
(BGIA)
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
GESTIS Analytical Methods
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this method, refer to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific safety
Terminology D1356.
precaution is given in 9.4.
3.2 Activated charcoal refers to properly conditioned char-
coal.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Summary of Practice
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
4.1 Air samples are collected for organic vapor analysis by
Atmospheres
aspirating air at a known rate and for an appropriate time
D3687 Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors
through sampling tubes containing activated charcoal.
Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption
Method
D5337 Practice for Flow RateAdjustment of Personal Sam-
3
Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port
pling Pumps
Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, http://www.ntis.gov.
4
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/
5
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality www.access.gpo.gov.
6
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on WorkplaceAir Quality. OSHAChemical Sampling Information. http://osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally toc/toc_chemsamp.html
´1
7
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D3686 - 95(2001) . OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods. http://osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/
DOI: 10.1520/D3686-08. toc.html
2 8
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Health Safety Executive. Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Sub-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM stances (MDHS) guidance. http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/index.htm#
9
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitsschutz. GESTIS Analytical
the ASTM website. methods. http://www.hvbg.de/e/bia/gestis/analytical_methods/index.html
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3686 − 08
FIG. 1 Activated Charcoal Adsorption Sampling Tube
4.2 Instructions are given to enable assembly of charcoal 7.1.1 A sampling tube consists of a length of glass tubing
tubes suitable for sampling purposes. usually containing two sections of activated charcoal that are
held in place and separated by nonadsorbent material.The tube
4.3 Information on the correct use of the charcoal tube
is sealed at each end.
sampling device is presented.
7.1.1.1 Sampling tubes are comm
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D3686–95 (Reapproved 2001) Designation:D3686–08
Standard Practice for
Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound
1
Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—SI statement was added and part of Footnote F of Table A1.1 was deleted editorially in October 2001.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers a method for the sampling of atmospheres for determiningto determine the presence of certain organic
vapors by means of adsorption on activated charcoal using a charcoal tube and a small portable sampling pump worn by a worker.
Alist of some of the organic chemical vapors that can be sampled by this practice is provided inAnnexA1. This list is presented
as an information guide and should not be considered as absolute or complete.
1.2 This practice does not cover any method of sampling that requires special impregnation of activated charcoal or other
adsorption media.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. A specific safety precaution is given in 9.4.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
2
D 3687 Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method
Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method
D 5337 Practice for Flow Rate Calibration of Personal Sampling Pumps
2.2 NIOSH Standards:
3
CDC-99-74-45 DocumentationofNIOSHValidationTests HSM-99-71-31PersonnelSamplerPumpforCharcoalTubes;Final
3
Report
3
HSM-99-71-31 Personal Sampler Pump for Charcoal Tubes; Final Report
4
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, Fourth Edition
2.3 OSHA Standard: OSHA Standards:
CFR1910 General Industrial OSHASafety and Health Standard 29 CFR 1910 Code of Federal Regulations Relating to Labor,
5
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor
6
OSHA Chemical Sampling Information
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Atmospheres .
Current edition approved January 15, 1995. Published March 1995. Originally published as D3686–78. Last previous edition D3686–89.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air Quality .
´1
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 3686 - 95(2001) .
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA22161.
3
Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, http://www.ntis.gov.
4
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
4
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/
5
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
5
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
6
Heitbrink, W. A., “Diffusion Effects Under Low Flow Conditions,” American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Vol 44, No. 6, 1983, pp. 453–462.
6
OSHA Chemical Sampling Information. http://osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/toc/toc_chemsamp.html
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

----------
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D3686–95 (Reapproved 2001) Designation:D3686–08
Standard Practice for
Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound
1
Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—SI statement was added and part of Footnote F of Table A1.1 was deleted editorially in October 2001.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers a method for the sampling of atmospheres for determiningto determine the presence of certain organic
vapors by means of adsorption on activated charcoal using a charcoal tube and a small portable sampling pump worn by a worker.
Alist of some of the organic chemical vapors that can be sampled by this practice is provided inAnnexA1. This list is presented
as an information guide and should not be considered as absolute or complete.
1.2 This practice does not cover any method of sampling that requires special impregnation of activated charcoal or other
adsorption media.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. A specific safety precaution is given in 9.4.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
2
D 3687 Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method
Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method
D 5337 Practice for Flow Rate Calibration of Personal Sampling Pumps
2.2 NIOSH Standards:
3
CDC-99-74-45 DocumentationofNIOSHValidationTests HSM-99-71-31PersonnelSamplerPumpforCharcoalTubes;Final
3
Report
3
HSM-99-71-31 Personal Sampler Pump for Charcoal Tubes; Final Report
4
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, Fourth Edition
2.3 OSHA Standard: OSHA Standards:
CFR1910 General Industrial OSHASafety and Health Standard 29 CFR 1910 Code of Federal Regulations Relating to Labor,
5
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor
6
OSHA Chemical Sampling Information
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Atmospheres .
Current edition approved January 15, 1995. Published March 1995. Originally published as D3686–78. Last previous edition D3686–89.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air Quality .
´1
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 3686 - 95(2001) .
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA22161.
3
Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, http://www.ntis.gov.
4
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
4
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/
5
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
5
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
6
Heitbrink, W. A., “Diffusion Effects Under Low Flow Conditions,” American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Vol 44, No. 6, 1983, pp. 453–462.
6
OSHA Chemical Sampling Information. http://osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/toc/toc_chemsamp.html
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

----------
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Air permits from regulatory agencies often require measurements of opacity from stationary air pollution point sources in the outdoor ambient environment. Opacity has been visually measured by certified smoke readers in accordance with USEPA (USEPA Method 9). DCOT is also a method to determine plume opacity in the outdoor ambient environment.  
5.2 The concept of DCOT was based on previous method development using Digital Still Cameras and field testing of those methods.7,8 The purpose of this standard is to set a minimum level of performance for products that use DCOT to determine plume opacity in ambient environments.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the procedures to determine the opacity of a plume, using digital imagery and associated hardware and software. The aforementioned plume is caused by particulate matter emitted from a stationary point source in the outdoor ambient environment.  
1.2 The opacity of emissions is determined by the application of a Digital Camera Opacity Technique (DCOT) that consists of a Digital Still Camera, Analysis Software, and the Output Function’s content to obtain and interpret digital images to determine and report plume opacity.  
1.3 This method is suitable to determine the opacity of plumes from zero (0) percent to one hundred (100) percent.  
1.4 Conditions that shall be considered when using this method to obtain the digital image of the plume include the plume’s background, the existence of condensed water in the plume, orientation of the Digital Still Camera to the plume and the sun (see Section 8).  
1.5 This standard describes the procedures to certify the DCOT, hardware, software, and method to determine the opacity of the plumes.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7788-14(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Collection of Total Airborne Fungal Structures via Inertial Impaction Methodology

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended for the collection of airborne fungal spores or fragments, or both, using inertial impaction.  
4.2 It is the responsibility of the user to assure that they are in compliance with all local, state and federal regulations governing the inspection of buildings for fungal colonization and the collection of associated samples.  
4.3 This practice is intended to provide the user with a basic understanding of the equipment, materials and instructions necessary to effectively collect air samples using an inertial impactor.  
4.4 This practice, when properly executed, may also be used for the evaluation of other types of airborne particles with the capturing characteristics appropriate for inertial impactor, and for which appropriate analytical methods exist. Such particles may include dust mites, skin cells, pollen, and other materials.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to describe procedures for the collection of airborne fungal spores or fragments, or both, using inertial impaction sampling techniques.  
1.2 This practice is not intended to limit the user from the collection of other airborne particulates that may be of interest and captured through this technique.  
1.3 This practice presumes that the user has a fundamental understanding of field investigative techniques related to the scientific process, and sampling plan development and implementation. It is important to establish the related hypothesis to be tested and the supporting analytical methodology needed in order to identify the sampling media to be used and the laboratory conditions for analysis.  
1.4 This practice does not address the development of a formal hypothesis or the establishment of appropriate and defensible investigation and sampling objectives. It is presumed the investigator has the experience and knowledge base to address these issues.  
1.5 This practice does not provide the user sufficient information to allow for interpretation of the analytical results from sample collection. It is the user's responsibility to seek or obtain the information and knowledge necessary to interpret the sample results reported by the laboratory.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6196-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Parameters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions for Monitoring Volatile Organic Chemicals in Air

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is recommended for use in measuring the concentration of VOCs in ambient, indoor, and workplace atmospheres. It may also be used for measuring emissions from materials in small or full scale environmental chambers for material emission testing or human exposure assessment.  
5.2 Such measurements in ambient air are of importance because of the known role of VOCs as ozone precursors, and in some cases (for example, benzene), as toxic pollutants in their own right.  
5.3 Such measurements in indoor air are of importance because of the association of VOCs with air quality problems in indoor environments, particularly in relation to sick building syndrome and emissions from building materials. Many volatile organic compounds have the potential to contribute to air quality problems in indoor environments and in some cases toxic VOCs may be present at such elevated concentrations in home or workplace atmospheres as to prompt serious concerns over human exposure and adverse health effects (5).  
5.4 Such measurements in workplace air are of importance because of the known toxic effects of many such compounds.
Note 1: While workplace air monitoring has traditionally been carried out using disposable sorbent tubes, typically packed with charcoal and extracted using chemical desorption (solvent extraction) prior to GC analysis – for example following NIOSH and OSHA reference methods – routine thermal desorption (TD) technology was originally developed specifically for this application area. TD overcomes the inherent analyte dilution limitation of solvent extraction improving method detection limits by 2 or 3 orders of magnitude and making methods easier to automate. Relevant international standard methods include ISO 16017-1 and ISO 16017-2. For a detailed history of the development of analytical thermal desorption and a comparison with solvent extraction methods see Ref (6).  
5.5 In order to protect the environment as a whole and human health in part...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to assist in the selection of sorbents and procedures for the sampling and analysis of ambient (1),2 indoor (2), and workplace (3, 4) atmospheres for a variety of common volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It may also be used for measuring emissions from materials in small or full scale environmental chambers or for human exposure assessment.  
1.2 This practice is based on the sorption of VOCs from air onto selected sorbents or combinations of sorbents. Sampled air is either drawn through a tube containing one or a series of sorbents (pumped sampling) or allowed to diffuse, under controlled conditions, onto the sorbent surface at the sampling end of the tube (diffusive or passive sampling). The sorbed VOCs are subsequently recovered by thermal desorption and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography.  
1.3 This practice applies to three basic types of samplers that are compatible with thermal desorption: (1) pumped sorbent tubes containing one or more sorbents; (2) axial passive (diffusive) samplers (typically of the same physical dimensions as standard pumped sorbent tubes and containing only one sorbent); and (3) radial passive (diffusive) samplers.  
1.4 This practice recommends a number of sorbents that can be packed in sorbent tubes for use in the sampling of vapor-phase organic chemicals; including volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds which, generally speaking, boil in the range 0 °C to 400 °C (v.p. 15 kPa to 0.01 kPa at 25 °C).  
1.5 This practice can be used for the measurement of airborne vapors of these organic compounds over a wide concentration range.  
1.5.1 With pumped sampling, this practice can be used for the speciated measurement of airborne vapors of VOCs in a concentration range of approximately 0.1 μg/m3 to 1 g/m3, for individual organic compounds in 1 L to 10 L air samples. Quantitative measurements are possible when using validated procedures with appropri...

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ASTM
ASTM E2115-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Conducting Lead Hazard Assessments of Dwellings and of Other Child-Occupied Facilities

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended to help prevent lead poisoning of children by providing standardized procedures for conducting a lead hazard assessment and providing information needed to develop and recommend lead hazard control options as described in Practice E2252.  
5.2 This guide is applicable for use in either occupied or unoccupied dwellings and in other child-occupied facilities.  
5.3 The procedures in this guide, when supplemented by recommendations for controlling lead hazards, provide for the conduct of a lead risk assessment of a dwelling or of other child-occupied facilities.  
5.4 This guide may be used to supplement assessment procedures used to determine the causes of elevated blood lead (EBL) levels in young children.
Note 2: In cases of EBL levels, investigation of the total living environment of the child and a pediatric medical evaluation may also be needed. Reference should be made to documents such as Managing Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Young Children,6 Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children (1991),7 the HUD Guidelines, and Screening Young Children for Lead Poisoning (1997).7  
5.5 Although this guide was developed for dwellings and for other child-occupied facilities, this guide may be suitable for lead hazard assessments in non-residential buildings and other properties following agreement between assessor and client on appropriate lead action levels.  
5.6 This guide is not intended for use in identifying building materials that when abraded or otherwise degraded, such as that which may occur in remodeling or renovation activities, may result in lead hazards.  
5.7 Lead hazard assessment reports describe lead hazards identified at the time the assessment was performed. The locations, types, or severities of lead hazards can change over time as a result of property improvement or deterioration, significant changes in property use, or other factors.
Note 3: The term “lead-free” should never be used to describe the absence of ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers how to conduct, document, and report findings of a lead hazard assessment of dwellings and of other child-occupied facilities.  
1.2 Procedures for assessment of personal items, such as toys, dishes, and hobby materials that may contribute to elevated lead levels in blood are not included in this guide.  
1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included.  
1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe sampling data.  
1.6 Methods described in this guide may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1914-95(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 ASTM requires the use of SI units in all its publications and their use in reporting atmospheric measurement data. However, there are historic data and even data currently reported that are based on a variety of units of measurement. This practice tabulates factors that are necessary to convert such data to SI and other units of measurement.  
3.2 IEEE/ASTM SI-10 does not list all the conversion factors commonly used in air pollution and meteorological fields. This practice supplements IEEE/ASTM SI-10.  
3.3 The values reported here were obtained from a number of standard publications. They were adjusted to five figures and organized in a rational order. All values reflect the latest information from the 16th General Conference on Weights and Measurements held in 1979.  
3.4 The factors in Table 1 are provided to change units of measurement from one system to related units in other systems, as well as to smaller or larger units in the same system.  
3.5 Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column.  (A) For specific applications and exceptions, see Terminology D1356.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities.  
1.2 This practice is used together with IEEE/ASTM SI-10, which discusses SI units and contains selected conversion factors for inter-relation of SI units and some commonly used non-metric units.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D8406-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation of Ambient Outdoor Air Quality Sensors and Sensor-based Instruments for Portable and Fixed-point Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2914-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8).  
5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2.  
5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL.  
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.  
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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