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ASTM D6750-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in A High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine -1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)

Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in A High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine -1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the performance of engine oils intended for use in certain diesel engines. They are performed in a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine by either the 1K (0.4 % fuel sulfur) or 1N (0.04 % fuel sulfur) procedure. The only difference in the two test methods is the fuel used. Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption are measured. Also, the piston, the rings, and the liner are examined for distress and the rings for mobility. These test methods are required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy API service categories CF-4 and CH-4 for 1K, and CG-4 for 1N of Specification D 4485.
1.2 These test methods, although based on the original Caterpillar 1K/1N procedures, also embody TMC information letters issued before these test methods were first published. These test methods are subject to frequent change. Until the next revision of these test methods, TMC will update changes in these test methods by the issuance of information letters which shall be obtained from TMC (see Annex A16).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. When inch-pound units are standard, the SI units are shown in parenthesis. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents. Because of this, combining values from the two systems may be incompatible. Therefore, use either system independently of the other.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given within the text. Being engine tests, these test methods do have definite hazards which shall be met by safe practices (see Annex A17 on Safety).
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:
SectionIntroductionScope1Referenced documents2Terminology3Summary of Test Methods4Significance and Use5Apparatus6General Laboratory Requirements6.1Test Engine6.2Test Engine Accessories and Parts6.3Reagents and Materials7Test Oil Sample Requirements8Preparation of Apparatus 9Engine Inspection9.1Engine Pre-Test Lubrication System Flush9.2Engine Pre-Test Measurements and Inspections9.3Engine Assembly9.4Pressure Testing of Fuel System Assembly9.5Calibration of Engine Test Stand10General Requirements and Frequency of Calibration10.1Runs10.2>Specified Test Parameters10.3Calibration Test Acceptance Criteria10.4Action on Rejection of Calibration Test10.5Test Numbering10.6Reference Oils10.7Severity Adjustments10.8Engine Operating Procedure11Engine Run-In11.1Cool-Down Procedure11.2Warm-Up Procedure11.3Operating Conditions and Oil Additions11.4Measurement of Oil Consumption11.5Sampling Used Oil11.6Shutdowns, Lost Time and Off Tolerance Conditions11.7Recording of Exhaust Temperature11.8Air-Fuel Ratio Measurement11.9>Recording of Engine Conditions11.10Humidity Requirements/Calibration/Measurement11.11Inspections, Photographs and Measurements12Reference to Reporting Form12.1Pre-Test Measurements of Engine Parts12.2Post-Test Information12.3Oil Inspections12.4Oil Consumption12.5Unscheduled Shutdowns and Off-Limit Operation12.6Report13General Directions13.1Specific Directions13.2Electronic Transmission of Test Results (Optional)13.3Reporting Calibration Test Results13.4Precision and Bias14Keywords15ANNEXESSpecifications for Test Engine and Engine BuildAnnex A1Intake Air System DetailsAnnex A2Exhaust System DetailsAnnex A3Cooling System DetailsAnnex A4Oil System Modifications and Instrument LocationsAnnex A5Other Pressure and Temperature Measurement LocationsAnnex A6Oil Consumption Linear Regression MethodAnnex A7Test Fuel SpecificationsAnnex A8Lubrication System, Flush Apparatus and ProcedureAnnex A9Engine Operating ConditionsAnnex A10Procedure for Rating Piston and LinerAnnex A11Calculation of Percen...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jan-2002
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.02 - Heavy Duty Engine Oils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6750-04 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in A High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine -1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6984-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7320-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7589-16e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VID Spark Ignition Engine<rangeref></rangeref >
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002

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ASTM D6750-02 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in A High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine -1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)ASTM D6750-02 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in A High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine -1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
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ASTM D6750-02 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in A High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine -1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 6750 – 02
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluation of Engine Oils in A High-Speed, Single-Cylinder
Diesel Engine —1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N
1
Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6750; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The test methods described in this standard can be used by any properly equipped laboratory
2
without outside assistance. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TCM) provides reference
oils and an assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (seeAnnexA16). By
this means, the laboratory will know whether its use of the test methods gives results statistically
similar to those obtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory
utilizes the TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S.
Army has such a requirement in some of its engine oil specifications.
Accordingly, these test methods are written for those laboratories that use the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use these services may ignore those portions of the test methods that
refer to the TMC.
These test methods may be modified by Information Letters issued periodically by the TMC after
the publication of this edition of the standard to become part of it. These letters are obtainable from
theTMC. In addition, theTMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test methods, also
obtainable from the TMC.
1. Scope in these test methods by the issuance of information letters
which shall be obtained from TMC (see Annex A16).
1.1 These test methods cover the performance of engine oils
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to
intended for use in certain diesel engines. They are performed
be regarded separately as standard. When inch-pound units are
in a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine by
standard, the SI units are shown in parenthesis. The values
either the 1K (0.4 % fuel sulfur) or 1N (0.04 % fuel sulfur)
3
stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents.
procedure. The only difference in the two test methods is the
Because of this, combining values from the two systems may
fuelused.Pistonandringgroovedeposit-formingtendencyand
be incompatible.Therefore, use either system independently of
oil consumption are measured. Also, the piston, the rings, and
the other.
the liner are examined for distress and the rings for mobility.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
These test methods are required to evaluate oils intended to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
satisfy API service categories CF-4 and CH-4 for 1K, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
CG-4 for 1N of Specification D 4485.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2 These test methods, although based on the original
3 bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
Caterpillar 1K/1N procedures, also embodyTMC information
tionarystatementsaregivenwithinthetext.Beingenginetests,
letters issued before these test methods were first published.
these test methods do have definite hazards which shall be met
These test methods are subject to frequent change. Until the
by safe practices (see Annex A17 on Safety).
next revision of these test methods, TMC will update changes
1.5 The following is the Table of Contents:
Section
1
Introduction
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Scope 1
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Referenced documents 2
D02.B0.02 on Automotive Lubricants.
Terminology 3
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2002. Published July 2002.
2 Summary of Test Methods 4
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.
Significance and Use 5
3
These 1K/1N test procedures were developed by Caterpillar Inc., P.O. Box 610,
Apparatus 6
Mossville, IL 61552-0610.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6750–02
4
Atmospheric Pressure
General Laboratory Requirements 6.1
Test Engine 6.2
D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Test Engine Accessories and Parts 6.3
4
Closed Cup Tester
Reagents and Materials 7
4
D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
Test Oil Sample Requirements 8
Preparation of Apparatus 9
D 130 Tes
...

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1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
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1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
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5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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